Literary Metaphor Comprehension and Production

Author(s):  
Akira Utsumi

This chapter addresses literary metaphors, which are used in literary works to enrich the meanings and evoke aesthetic effects. The aim of this chapter is to provide a unified view that can explain how literary metaphors are understood and generated. The chapter authors argue that comprehension of various types of literary metaphors involves a process of direct or indirect categorization by integrating and extending existing metaphor theories and empirical findings, in particular the author's metaphor research such as the interpretive diversity theory of nominal metaphors and the indirect categorization theory of predicative metaphors. The chapter authors also apply the unified view of literary metaphor comprehension to metaphor production, and discuss how people generate literary metaphors.

Literatūra ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Dalia Čiočytė

Literatūros teologija – tarpdisciplininė teorija, aiškinanti literatūros ir teologijos santykius bei tirianti literatūrinio mąstymo apie transcendenciją aspektus, – Vakarų religijos ir kultūros tradicijoje susiformavo palyginti neseniai (po Antrojo pasaulinio karo). Tačiau dėmesingumas teologiniams klausimams akivaizdus visoje Vakarų literatūros ir kritikos istorijoje. Tad kuo XX a. susiformavusi literatūros teologija skiriasi nuo ligtolinio dialogo tarp literatūros tyrimo ir teologijos? Atsakymas susijęs su šio dialogo pobūdžiu: ar kritiko dialogas su teologija tik numanomas (implikuotas), ar tiesiogiai aiškinamas ir grindžiamas (eksplikuotas). Tradicinės krikščioniškosios kultūros kontekste kritikas nejautė poreikio teoriškai motyvuoti literatūros ir teologijos sąsajos (dauguma rašytojų, kritikų ir skaitytojų buvo krikščionys), o XX a. kultūroje literatūros ir krikščionybės santykis jau nebeturi „savaime suprantamumo“ statuso ir reikalingas sąmoningos refleksijos.Literatūros teologijos galiojimo srities klausimas yra metodologinis, klausimas apie tai, kada ir kaip literatūros tyrimas vadovaujantis literatūros teologijos formuojama literatūros samprata ir taikant literatūros teologijos siūlomus tyrimo metodus yra efektyvus literatūros prasmės atskleidimo būdas.Literatūra yra žmogiškosios savimonės forma, ir literatūroje matomos teologinės minties objektas visada yra labiau žmogus negu Dievas. Literatūrinės introspekcijos kontekste Dievas pasirodo, kai žmogus meniniu mąstymu ieško savo esmės, kai formuoja giliųjų būties pamatų sampratą. Literatūros teologija nagrinėja ir aiškina kūrinio teologinę įžvalgą – literatūrinę egzistencijos kilmės ir prasmės klausimų interpretaciją, poetinio metaforinio mąstymo plėtojamą denotacijų ir konotacijų tinkle, struktūrinių teksto ašių sankirtose, giliuosiuose teksto prasmės kloduose. Kūrinys, turintis teologinio angažuotumo (apologetinio ar provokacinio angažuotumo), siekia būti adekvačiai suprastas, ir tokios literatūros tyrimams literatūros teologijos kompetencija itin svarbi. Literatūros teologijos galiojimo periferija yra kūriniai, kuriuose matyti ne tiek teologinio, kiek bendrojo humanistinio pobūdžio literatūrinis mąstymas. Mažiausiai literatūros teologija gali pasakyti apie tokią literatūrą, kurioje plėtojamos pasaulėvokos dominantė yra indiferentinė laikysena transcendencijos atžvilgiu.The center, the periphery and limits of competence of the theology of Literature as the theoretical perspective Dalia Čiočytė Summary The article sets to explore the validity of the theology of literature: what are the center, the periphery and limits of this interdisciplinary theoretical perspective. Literary theology based on existential experience (the theological thought seen in literature) is held to be a variant of individual theological quest. The main subject of literary theological thought is always more human being than God, as literature itself is a form of human consciousness. God appears in the context of literary introspection when the artistic thought is seeking for God and meaning. The theology of literature investigates such a literary theological insight, i. e., it investigates literary interpretation of the origin and sense of existence. Literary metaphor creates new modes to refer to deep religious experiences that are impossible to verbalize in concepts. Metaphor performs the opposite function as well: it protects the metaphysical realm from reduction. Criticism needs to be enriched with theological competence in order to interpret literary works that have got theological denotations. The periphery of validity of the theology of literature are such literary works that show not theological but rather general humanistic thought. This theory can tell the least about such literature that is dominated by religious indifference.


Psihologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-415
Author(s):  
Ana Altaras-Dimitrijevic ◽  
Marija Tadic

This paper explores the cognitive and affective-conative correlates of metaphor comprehension. We first introduce the concept of metaphor by describing its essential features and functions. Then, we give a short review of key findings derived from cognitive and developmental studies of metaphor comprehension. Finally, we discuss individual differences in metaphoric skill and sensitivity and present the results of an empirical investigation in which we sought to determine the relationship between literary metaphor comprehension, the subjective experience of metaphors and the readers? verbal intelligence and personality traits. On the basis of our research findings, it is argued that metaphoric ability represents a central facet of intelligence and that the Test of Literary Metaphor Comprehension designed in our study may be viewed as a valid measure of verbal ability. .


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Frezza ◽  
Pierluigi Zoccolotti

Abstract The convincing argument that Brette makes for the neural coding metaphor as imposing one view of brain behavior can be further explained through discourse analysis. Instead of a unified view, we argue, the coding metaphor's plasticity, versatility, and robustness throughout time explain its success and conventionalization to the point that its rhetoric became overlooked.


2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-104
Author(s):  
M.A.S. Abdel Haleem

With a rich, productive career spanning over 60 years, culminating in the award of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988, Naguib Mahfouz's literary works have naturally attracted numerous studies and critiques. These studies have covered a great many aspects of Mahfouz's creative writing, but, perhaps because of the secular, modern education Mahfouz received (both at school and in the Department of Philosophy in Cairo University), and his personal lifestyle, they have concentrated on the socialist, materialist, and structural aspects of his work. Perhaps because of this, one important aspect of his writing has largely escaped attention: his artistic use of the language of the Qur'an. Mahfouz does not signal that a given phrase or reference is Qur'anic, leaving it to blend with the text, and making it easy to miss the fact that the Qur'an played any part in Mahfouz's use of language. However, to a reader who knows the Qur'an by heart the presence of Qur'anic language in his works is obvious, and equally obvious is Mahfouz's artistic talent in using it. Eventually, he himself announced at the end of his life that he had always had an intimate interest in the Qur'an, read it daily, and benefited from it. This article seeks to demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of Qur'anic language in Mahfouz's works, and the skill and subtlety with which he used it.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 378-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Murphy

Tony Richardson's major contribution to British and international cinema has been obscured by jejune prejudices over his small-town, north of England origins, his parallel career as a theatre director and his eclectic choice of film subjects. This article concentrates on his two most important contributions to the ‘British New Wave’ – A Taste of Honey and The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner – in order to demonstrate Richardson's ability to recreate dramatic and literary works as dynamic and innovative films.


2017 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
عالية بدر عبدالله ◽  
ضيف الله زامل حربي

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