Climate Change as a Driving Force on Urban Energy Consumption Patterns

2019 ◽  
pp. 547-563
Author(s):  
Mostafa Jafari ◽  
Pete Smith
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Time Slice ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Cooling Degree Days ◽  
Energy Consumption Patterns ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Heating Degree Days

Heating degree days (HDD), in cases where temperatures are below 18°C, and cooling degree days (CDD), in cases where temperatures are above 21°C, were used as energy consumption indices. During the last half century, mean annual temperatures have increased, and as a consequence, CDD in the warm season have increased sharply. In the same time slice, HDD even in the cool and cold season have declined steadily. The number of monthly and annual total HDD (mean= 1556) are much higher than CDD (mean=400) in the case study area, and annual total HDD and CDD have a negative correlation (Pearson correlation = - 0.493; p = 0.001). The deceasing rate of HDD is limited and steady (R2= 0.062, p=0.099), but the increasing rate of CDD in the same time slice is sharp (R2=0.427, p=0.813). This shows that energy consumption patterns have increased sharply, and with available projection scenarios, it is projected to increase more rapidly, leading to higher energy costs.

Climate Change as a Driving Force on Urban Energy Consumption Patterns

2018 ◽  
pp. 7815-7830
Author(s):  
Mostafa Jafari ◽  
Pete Smith
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Time Slice ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Cooling Degree Days ◽  
Energy Consumption Patterns ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Heating Degree Days

Heating Degree Days (HDD), in cases where temperatures are below 18°C, and Cooling Degree Days (CDD), in cases where temperatures are above 21°C, were used as energy consumption indices. During the last half century, mean annual temperatures have increased and as a consequence, CDD in the warm season have increased sharply. In the same time slice, HDD, even in the cool and cold season have declined steadily. The number of monthly and annual total HDD (mean= 1556) are much higher than CDD (mean=400) in the case study area and annual total HDD and CDD have a negative correlation (Pearson correlation = - 0.493; p = 0.001). The deceasing rate of HDD is limited and steady (R2= 0.062, p=0.099), but the increasing rate of CDD in the same time slice is sharp (R2=0.427, p=0.813). This shows that energy consumption patterns have increased sharply, and with available projection scenarios, is projected to increase more rapidly, leading to higher energy costs.

A method to estimate the heating and cooling degree-days for different climatic zones of Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Indraganti ◽  
Djamel Boussaa
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Degree Days ◽  
Heating Degree Days

Saudi Arabia’s energy consumption is increasing astronomically. Saudi Building Code prescribes a fixed base temperature of 18.3℃ to estimate the heating degree-days and cooling degree-days. Using historical meteorological data (2005–2014), this article presents the heating degree-days and cooling degree-days estimated for the representative cities in all the five inhabited climatic zones of Saudi Arabia. We used the base temperatures of 14℃, 16℃ and 18℃ for heating degree-days, and 18℃, 20℃, 22℃, 24℃ and 28℃ for cooling degree-days for Dhahran, Guriat, Jeddah, Khamis Mushait and Riyadh cities. We developed multiple regression models for heating degree-days and cooling degree-days at various base temperatures for these zones. Degree-days for other cities in similar climates with limited input data can be computed with these. Lowering of base temperature by 2 K from 18℃ reduced the heating degree-days by 33–65%. At 14℃ of base temperature, the heating requirement reduced by 60–95%. Elevating the base temperature by 2 K from 18℃ lowered the cooling degree-days by 16–38%. At 28℃ of base temperature cooling can be completely eliminated in Khamis Mushait, and reduced by 65–92% in other cities. This observation merits rethinking about use of appropriate base temperatures that properly link the outdoor environment to reduce the energy consumption. Practical application: Using historical data, we developed regression models for predicting heating and cooling degree-days for five cities of Saudi Arabia in various climate zones without the historic data. Using these, we can estimate the changes in heating/cooling load due to the variation in base temperatures. For example, lowering base temperature by 2–4 K from 18℃ reduces the HDDs by 33–95% and elevating the base temperature by 2–4 K from 18℃ lowered the CDDs by 16–68%.

Energy Consumption Patterns of Residential Users: A Study in Greece

2019 ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
Aristeidis Karananos ◽  
Asimina Dimara ◽  
Konstantinos Arvanitis ◽  
Christos Timplalexis ◽  
Stelios Krinidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Energy Consumption Patterns

Economic globalization and energy consumption patterns in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110425
Author(s):  
Hemachandra Padhan ◽  
Santosh Kumar Sahu ◽  
Umakant Dash
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Energy Consumption Patterns ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of economic globalization on the patterns of energy consumption for 24 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) economies from 1995 to 2015. We employ Westerlund cointegration, which shows a long-run association between economic globalization and energy consumption patterns. Furthermore, cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag models (CS-ARDL) results explain the short-run and long-run relationship between the series. The results further explain that economic globalization reduces oil and coal consumption while accelerating gas consumption in OECD economies. We additionally employ the Eberhardt augmented mean group test to verify consistency with CS-ARDL results. The empirical evidence of this study suggests that OECD economies’ policymakers should prioritize economic globalization in framing policies related to energy consumption. Furthermore, allocating funds for better technology related to high polluting fuels should be one of the crucial considerations arising from this study. Finally, we recommend economic globalization as an important indicator to address the issues related to OECD economics’ environmental and ecological footprints.

scholarly journals Influence of Climate Conditions on Deficiencies of Building Roofs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Carretero-Ayuso ◽  
Alberto Moreno-Cansado ◽  
Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Cooling Degree Days ◽  
Heating Degree Days

Climate conditions affect buildings’ performance and durability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of climate conditions on roof deficiencies. 763 cases of such deficiencies were analyzed in this regard. Once the construction deficiencies were quantified, they were characterized from a climatological point of view and their ‘climate location segments’ were studied to obtain ‘ranges of concentration of anomalies’ according to the obtained percentage. A direct relation is shown to exist between the location of the building (latitude, situation, type of climate, precipitation, thermal demands, and average wind speed) and a greater or smaller concentration of deficiencies found in both flat and pitched buildings. It was also found that an annual average wind speed greater than 3 m/s increases the appearance of deficiencies in roofs. A higher prevalence of deficiencies was also found in those geographical zones with a thermal demand of 1800–2800 heating degree days or 450–700 cooling degree days. It was found that a higher percentage of construction deficiencies are concentrated in buildings located in the northern coastal climate segments of Spain. With these results, technicians will be able to take more appropriate precautions during both the building process and the use and maintenance phase.

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