Children with Special Needs as a Virtual Community

2011 ◽  
pp. 1611-1617
Author(s):  
Tas Adam ◽  
Arthur Tatnall

The term learning disability (LD) refers to any retardation, disorder, or delayed development in one or more of the processes of speech, language, reading, writing, arithmetic, or other school subjects resulting from a psychological handicap caused by a possible cerebral dysfunction and/or emotional or behavioural disturbances (Adam & Tatnall, 2002). It is not the result of mental retardation, sensory deprivation, or cultural and instructional factors (Kirk, 1962). Specific learning disabilities is a chronic condition of presumed neurological origin that selectively interferes with the development, integration, and/or demonstration of verbal and/or nonverbal abilities. Specific learning disability exists as a distinct handicapping condition and varies in its manifestations and degree of severity (Adam & Tatnall, 2003). Throughout life, the condition can affect self-esteem, education, vocation, socialisation, and/or daily living activities (ACLD, 1986, p. 15). Two definitions of LD are well supported: a legislative definition from the United States found in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 1997) and the one proposed by the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD, 1994), a consortium of representatives from organizations interested in LD.

Author(s):  
Tas Adam ◽  
Arthur Tatnall

The term learning disability (LD) refers to any retardation, disorder, or delayed development in one or more of the processes of speech, language, reading, writing, arithmetic, or other school subjects resulting from a psychological handicap caused by a possible cerebral dysfunction and/or emotional or behavioural disturbances (Adam & Tatnall, 2002). It is not the result of mental retardation, sensory deprivation, or cultural and instructional factors (Kirk, 1962). Specific learning disabilities is a chronic condition of presumed neurological origin that selectively interferes with the development, integration, and/or demonstration of verbal and/or nonverbal abilities. Specific learning disability exists as a distinct handicapping condition and varies in its manifestations and degree of severity (Adam & Tatnall, 2003). Throughout life, the condition can affect self-esteem, education, vocation, socialisation, and/or daily living activities (ACLD, 1986, p. 15). Two definitions of LD are well supported: a legislative definition from the United States found in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 1997) and the one proposed by the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD, 1994), a consortium of representatives from organizations interested in LD.


1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Algozzine ◽  
Charles Forgnone ◽  
Cecil Mercer ◽  
John Trifiletti

According to the United States Office of Education, the only generally accepted manifestation of a specific learning disability is the existence of a significant discrepancy between expected and actual achievement. Within this context methods for determining the significance of any achievement discrepancies in children's performances become important. The research reported here attempted to evaluate the utility of two procedures for determining severe discrepancy levels; the benefits and liabilities of each are discussed.


Author(s):  
Christopher J. Lonigan

Specific learning disability is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting about 5–8% of the school-aged population. A key concept in specific learning disabilities is unexpected low achievement. An individual whose achievement in reading, math, or writing is both low and less than what would be expected based on developmental capacity and opportunity to learn and whose low achievement cannot be explained by a sensory impairment, limited language proficiency, or other impairing medical condition is considered to have a specific learning disability. This chapter provides an overview of issues and challenges involved in the identification and diagnosis of a specific learning disability, and it provides information on prevalence, epidemiology, and interventions for specific learning disabilities. Response-to-instruction models of identification hold promise for the identification of individuals with a specific learning disability, and they provide a means for the identification of false positives while enhancing the instructional context for children at risk.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vasudha Hande ◽  
Shantala Hegde

BACKGROUND: A specific learning disability comes with a cluster of deficits in the neurocognitive domain. Phonological processing deficits have been the core of different types of specific learning disabilities. In addition to difficulties in phonological processing and cognitive deficits, children with specific learning disability (SLD) are known to also found have deficits in more innate non-language-based skills like musical rhythm processing. OBJECTIVES: This paper reviews studies in the area of musical rhythm perception in children with SLD. An attempt was made to throw light on beneficial effects of music and rhythm-based intervention and their underlying mechanism. METHODS: A hypothesis-driven review of research in the domain of rhythm deficits and rhythm-based intervention in children with SLD was carried out. RESULTS: A summary of the reviewed literature highlights that music and language processing have shared neural underpinnings. Children with SLD in addition to difficulties in language processing and other neurocognitive deficits are known to have deficits in music and rhythm perception. This is explained in the background of deficits in auditory skills, perceptuo-motor skills and timing skills. Attempt has been made in the field to understand the effect of music training on the children’s auditory processing and language development. Music and rhythm-based intervention emerges as a powerful intervention method to target language processing and other neurocognitive functions. Future studies in this direction are highly underscored. CONCLUSIONS: Suggestions for future research on music-based interventions have been discussed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Rafael Enrique Rojas-Ferreira

ResumenEl artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre el estado de la cuestión relativa a las discapacidades de aprendizaje en Matemática en el contexto educativo colombiano. Para ello, se realizó un recorrido histórico breve de los constructos “discapacidad”, “competencia matemática” y “discapacidad de aprendizaje”. Se planteó un análisis de los conceptos, causas, características, evaluación e intervención relacionadas con las discapacidades específicas de aprendizaje en la competencia Matemática. Los diferentes informes del sistema educativo en Colombia, las pruebas nacionales e internacionales reflejan un alarmante porcentaje de estudiantes con discapacidades de aprendizaje en el conocimiento Matemático y evidencian la necesidad de establecer una detección temprana, ya que esta se origina a partir de la primera infancia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y se mantienen a lo largo del proceso educativo sino hay intervención oportuna por parte del profesorado, mediante un diagnóstico, seguimiento y evaluación permanente con criterios que orienten la corrección de las dificultades mediante aprendizajes que desarrollen la creatividad, las competencias, la organización y adaptación de contenidos junto a la evaluación autentica y los resultados de aprendizaje como herramientas pedagógicas, entre otras, que permiten establecer a los docentes las medidas curriculares y organizativas necesarias para atender las necesidades educativas que presenta el alumnado con DEAM, acordes al nivel y ritmos de su aprendizaje. Se enfatiza la necesidad del reconocimiento, concreción y desarrollo de la categoría de discapacidad de aprendizaje a nivel legislativo y en las políticas educativas públicas en Colombia para una atención de calidad por parte de las administraciones educativas y otros entes, mediante una sólida fundamentación teórico y empírico proporcionada a nivel científico, y con activa participación por parte de los educadores como investigadores en el aula.Palabras clave: Competencia matemática, Discapacidad, discapacidad de aprendizaje, discapacidad específica de aprendizaje en matemática, trastorno específico del aprendizaje Abstract The article aims to provide a critical review of the literature on the state of the art about learning disabilities in Mathematics in the Colombian educational context. To do this, a brief historical review of the constructs “disability”, “mathematical competence” and “learning disability” were carried out. An analysis of the concepts, causes, characteristics, evaluation and intervention related to the specific learning disabilities in the Mathematics competence was proposed. The different reports of the educational system in Colombia, national and international tests reflect an alarming percentage of students with learning disabilities in Mathematical knowledge and evidence the need to establish an early detection, since this originates from early childhood in the teaching-learning process and are maintained throughout the educational process if no prompt intervention is provided by teachers, through a diagnosis, monitoring and permanent evaluation, using criteria in order to correct the difficulties through learning that develop creativity, skills , the organization and adaptation of contents along with authentic assessment and learning results as pedagogical tools, among others, allowing to take curricular actions needed to attend the educational necessities of students with DEAM, according to the level and rhythms of student learning. The necessity for the recognition, concretion and development of the category of learning disability at the legislative level and in the public education policies in Colombia for a quality care by educational administrations and other entities is emphasized, through a solid theoretical and empirical foundation provided at a scientific level, and with active participation of educators as researchers in the classroom. Keywords: Disability, mathematical competence, learning disability, specific learning disability in math, specific learning disorder


Author(s):  
Carleen Franz ◽  
Lee Ascherman ◽  
Julia Shaftel

Definitions of learning disabilities from several sources reveal the heterogeneity of learning disabilities and the many terms used in different settings. Early warning signs of future educational challenges are listed. Case studies illustrate the presentation of learning disabilities of different types. Learning Disorders from DSM-5 are contrasted with Specific Learning Disabilities in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA), which governs diagnosis and treatment in the school setting. The IDEA process of diagnosis and qualification is described for clinicians to clarify inconsistencies between clinical and school procedures and outcomes. Discontinuities between clinical and school assumptions, terms, and processes often lead to misunderstanding on the part of parents and clinicians.


1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Leigh

In response to the large number of requests from CLD members for information concerning the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD), the Learning Disability Quarterly is publishing the four position papers prepared by the NJCLD during the past two years. As Chairperson of the CLD National Liaison Committee, Dr. Jim Leigh has represented CLD on the Joint Committee for three years by serving on the NJCLD's writing subcommittee which develops the initial drafts of position papers for consideration by the entire committee. Other CLD representatives who contributed to the development of one or more of the position papers include Drs. Donald Hammill, Stephen Larsen, and Gaye McNutt. The following introduction and commentary by Jim Leigh contains a description of the objectives and operating procedures of the NJCLD, in addition to a recommendation for use of the position papers.


1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice E. Jacobs ◽  
Deborah J. Hendricks

The job accommodation needs of adults with a specific learning disability (SLD) are examined through an analysis of cases handled by the consultants at the Job Accommodation Network, an international accommodation information service of the President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities. Case examples are included, which provide practical solutions to common situations involving adults with a SLD in the employment environment. The final section lists useful resources available to those involved in making accommodations for people with a SLD.


1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold J. McGrady ◽  
Don A. Olson

The study was intended to describe and compare the psychosensory functioning of normal children and children with specific learning disabilities. Each of these children was given an automated battery of 13 psychosensory tests representing various combinations of auditory and visual intra and intersensory conditions for verbal, nonverbal-nonsocial, and nonverbal-social stimuli. On the psychosensory evaluation the learning disability groups made significantly more errors on the verbal psychosensory functions, regardless of the sensory conditions. The learning disability group also performed these tasks more slowly than normal children in nearly every comparison.


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