Analyses of People’s Perceptions on Sidewalk Environments Combining Factor Analysis and Rough Sets Approach

2010 ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Moon Namgung
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rough Sets ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Semantic Differential Technique ◽  
People’S Perceptions ◽  
Physical Components

This study investigates the relationship between people’s perceptions of sidewalk environments and their component elements. Participants are asked to judge the selected twenty sidewalk photographs with the rating scales through a psychological survey. Two perception factors including harmoniousness and openness are specified through semantic differential technique by using factor analysis. In the meantime the physical components of sidewalk environments are surveyed in the field survey. Then the rough sets approach is applied to link people’s perception factors and physical components of sidewalk environment. The application of the rough sets approach outputs the most important attributes to people’s perceptions, minimal attribute sets without redundancy, and a series of decision rules that represent the relationships between perceptions and physical components of sidewalk environments. The analytical approach helps to better understand people’s perceptions to sidewalk environments in a small city and then establish a useful and constructive ground of discussion for walking environment design and management.

scholarly journals Rough Sets Data Analysis in Knowledge Discovery: A Case of Kuwaiti Diabetic Children Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboul ella Hassanien ◽  
Mohamed E. Abdelhafez ◽  
Hala S. Own
Keyword(s):  
Rough Set ◽  
Rough Sets ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Minimal Subset ◽  
Discretization Algorithm ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Accuracy Rates

The main goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychosocial variables and diabetic children patients and to obtain a classifier function with which it was possible to classify the patients on the basis of assessed adherence level. The rough set theory is used to identify the most important attributes and to induce decision rules from 302 samples of Kuwaiti diabetic children patients aged 7–13 years old. To increase the efficiency of the classification process, rough sets with Boolean reasoning discretization algorithm is introduced to discretize the data, then the rough set reduction technique is applied to find all reducts of the data which contains the minimal subset of attributes that are associated with a class label for classification. Finally, the rough sets dependency rules are generated directly from all generated reducts. Rough confusion matrix is used to evaluate the performance of the predicted reducts and classes. A comparison between the obtained results using rough sets with decision tree, neural networks, and statistical discriminate analysis classifier algorithms has been made. Rough sets show a higher overall accuracy rates and generate more compact rules.

A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Relationship Between Scale-Item Length, Label Format, and Reliability

Methodology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Hamby ◽  
Robert A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Category Label ◽  
Response Category ◽  
Analytic Investigation ◽  
Scale Item ◽  
Item Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Abstract. Using two meta-analytic datasets, we investigated the effect that two scale-item characteristics – number of item response categories and item response-category label format – have on the reliability of multi-item rating scales. The first dataset contained 289 reliability coefficients harvested from 100 samples that measured Big Five traits. The second dataset contained 2,524 reliability coefficients harvested from 381 samples that measured a wide variety of constructs in psychology, marketing, management, and education. We performed moderator analyses on the two datasets with the two item characteristics and their interaction. As expected, as the number of item response categories increased, so did reliability, but more importantly, there was a significant interaction between the number of item response categories and item response-category label format. Increasing the number of response categories increased reliabilities for scale-items with all response categories labeled more so than for other item response-category label formats. We explain that the interaction may be due to both statistical and psychological factors. The present results help to explain why findings on the relationships between the two scale-item characteristics and reliability have been mixed.

On the Dimensionality of Measuring Tourist Satisfaction towards Homestay

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangaram Biswakarma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on measuring tourist satisfaction towards home stay. This paper emphasized to identify the variables that are related to tourist satisfaction during tourist homestay. It is also focused on analyzing the relationship and impact of these latent construct of factors to overall tourist satisfaction towards home stay. In an attempt to visualize the purpose, tourists satisfaction in a homestay in Nepal has taken into as a case, with an aim to identify the underlying dimensions of tourist satisfaction during tourist homestay. Twenty six (26) manifest variables of homestay has been formulated to understand the dimensions. Likewise, for a conforming the latent construct (1) statement as dependent variable of overall satisfaction was developed for the purpose of the primary data collection. The manifest variables are basically focused on aspects of home stay attributes namely cultural attraction, hospitality, amenities and safety & security at the home stay destination. Post Exploratory Factor Analysis indicates factor loading for twenty two (22) items manifest variables as significant, loaded with five (5) factors of home stay attributes named as Amenities & Safety, Reception, Local Cuisine & Accommodation, Local Life style & Costumes, and Cultural Performance. This study contributes to the development of survey instrument for exploring tourist satisfaction for Home stay for future researchers.

On The Field: Examining Differences in Video Format in Sports Media Viewing

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 781-785
Author(s):  
Ragan Wilson ◽  
Christopher B. Mayhorn
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Spatial Presence ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Video Format

With virtual reality’s emerging popularity and the subsequent push for more sports media experiences, there is a need to evaluate virtual reality’s use into more video watching experiences. This research explores differences in experiences between Monitor (2D) video and HMD (360-Degree) video footage by measuring user perceptions of presence, suspense, and enjoyment. Furthermore, this study examines the relationship between presence, game attractiveness, suspense, and enjoyment as explored by Kim, Cheong, and Kim (2016). Differences were assessed via a MANOVA examining specifically presence, suspense, and enjoyment while the relationships were explored via a confirmatory factor analysis. Results suggest that there was a difference between Monitor (2D) video and HMD (360-Degree) in regard to spatial presence, engagement, suspense, and enjoyment, but the previous model from Kim et al. (2016) was not a good fit to this study’s data.

scholarly journals The Application of Fuzzy Theory in the Evaluation of Visual Images of Smartphone Rear Cameras

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3555
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsiung Chen ◽  
Zhongzhen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Fuzzy Theory ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Triangular Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Potential Consumer ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Relationship

In the present era, technology is developing rapidly. Smartphones play a significant part in people’s lives. However, the research on smartphones mainly focuses on the area of technological realization. The purposes of this study were to examine the relationship between the various rear cameras in smartphones and consumer perceptions, and to understand consumers’ purchasing intentions and preferences. Through the methods of multidimensional scaling (MDS), factor analysis and triangular fuzzy numbers, the visual images of the smartphone rear cameras were analyzed and discussed. The results indicate that the visual images taken by different shapes of rear camera are quite distinct in the categories of innovative and fashionable, and simple and pure, but less distinct in the categories of harmonious and ordered, premium and technical, and superior and valuable. Through a comprehensive comparison, four groups whose images were similar were created. The outcome effectively reflects the potential consumer demands for smartphone rear camera patterns, providing insights for design practices in the smartphone industry.

scholarly journals Politics, Personality, and Impulsivity Can Color People’s Perceptions of—and Responses to—Hurricane Threats of Varying Severity

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722096902
Author(s):  
Joy E. Losee ◽  
Colin Tucker Smith ◽  
Gregory D. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Threatening Situation ◽  
Social Conservatism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Theory and research suggest that objective features of a threatening situation and individual differences influence threat responses. We examine three ways individual traits may relate to a threat response: (a) directly and independent of objective threat features, (b) indirectly through relationships with threat perception, or (c) as moderators of the relationship between objective threat features and responses. Using integrative data analysis (IDA), we aggregated data across three studies examining hurricane preparation intentions. Analysis supported two of the potential pathways. Supporting the first path, both openness and extraversion had direct, positive relationships with preparation likelihood. Supporting the second path, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and social conservatism positively related to preparation likelihood through a positive relationship with threat perception, whereas impulsivity and sensation-seeking negatively related to preparation likelihood through a negative relationship with threat perception. This work shows the pivotal role individual differences play regarding responses to uncertain threats.

“Mind the gap”: to succeed in marketing politics, think of social media innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-817
Author(s):  
Patrick Amfo Anim ◽  
Frederick Okyere Asiedu ◽  
Matilda Adams ◽  
George Acheampong ◽  
Ernestina Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Political Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Young Voters ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationships between political marketing via social media and young voters’ political participation in Ghana. Additionally, this study examines the mediating role political efficacy plays in enhancing the relationship. Design/methodology/approach With a positivist mindset, and adopting the survey strategy, data gathered from the questionnaire administered from the sampled 320 young voters (18-29 years) in Greater Accra were quantitatively analyzed. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to assess and confirm the proposed scales validity and the relationships of the research model. Findings The study revealed that a political party or candidate’s ability to achieve political participation from Ghanaian young voters’ is dependent on how effective they build customer relationship or gaining visibility through social media. In addition, the study showed that political efficacy mediates the relationship between customer relationship building or gaining visibility through social media and political participation among Ghana young voters. Thus, young voters in Ghana must see themselves to have a say in the affairs of political parties through the political messages they gather from social media platforms to enhance their political participation activities. Practical implications The results of this paper will enable political marketers and politicians not only in Ghana but across the globe, to better understand how social media as a communication tool could be used to positively influence users’ political participation. Originality/value Considering the uniqueness of this study in a Ghanaian context, this paper is the first of its kind to use the social capital theory in examining the mediating role political efficacy plays in enhancing the relationship between political marketing on social media and young voters’ political participation.

A Reassessment of the Psychosocial Functions of Sport Scale

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Martin ◽  
Richard A. Dodder
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Response Distribution ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
People’S Perceptions ◽  
Human Kinetics

© 1993 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.In the early 1970s Spreitzer and Snyder developed the Psychosocial Functions of Sport Scale to assess people’s perceptions of the importance of sport, and they administered this instrument to a sample of Toledo, Ohio, residents. This study reassesses the reliability and construct validity of the scale and examines college students’ perceptions of the importance of sport. Factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha indicate that Spreitzer and Snyder’s scale meets the criteria of reliability and construct validity. An item analysis indicates that most subjects believe sport to be important for individuals and society. Subjects’ responses to 12 of the 15 items are strikingly similar to the response distribution reported by Spreitzer and Snyder; however, there are notable differences on three of the items, suggesting that the present sample did not view sport as an institution that develops good citizens, promotes fair play, or alleviates drug problems in society.

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