Image Spam Detection Scheme Based on Fuzzy Inference System

2017 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Spam Detection ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Image Spam ◽  
Statistical Noise

The evasion techniques used by image spam impose new challenges for e-mail spam filters. Effectual image spam detection requires selection of discriminative image features and suitable classification scheme. Existing research on image spam detection utilizes only visual features such as color, appearance, shape and texture, while no efforts is made to employ statistical noise features. Further, most image spam classification schemes assume existence of clear cut demarcation between extracted features from genuine image and image spam dataset. In this chapter, we attempt to solve these issues; by proposing a novel server side solution called F-ISDS (Fuzzy Inference System based Image Spam Detection Scheme). F-ISDS considers statistical noise features along with the standard image features and meta-data features. F-ISDS employs dimensionality reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to map selected set of n features into a set of m principal components. Based on the selected significant principal components, input/output membership functions and rules are designed for Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) classifier. FIS provides a computationally simple and an intuitive means of performing the image spam detection. Email server can tag email with this knowledge so that client can take decision as per the local policy. Further, a Linear Regression Analysis is used to model the relationship between selected principal components and extracted features for classification phase. Experimental results confirm the efficacy of the proposed solution.

ARFIS: Adaptive-Receiver-Based Fuzzy Inference System for Diffusion- Based Molecular Communications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-289
Author(s):  
Ghalib H. Alshammri ◽  
Walid K. M. Ahmed ◽  
Victor B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Molecular Communication ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Adaptive Receiver ◽  
Detection Schemes

Background: The architecture and sequential learning rule-based underlying ARFIS (adaptive-receiver-based fuzzy inference system) are proposed to estimate and predict the adaptive threshold-based detection scheme for diffusion-based molecular communication (DMC). Method: The proposed system forwards an estimate of the received bits based on the current molecular cumulative concentration, which is derived using sequential training-based principle with weight and bias and an input-output mapping based on both human knowledge in the form of fuzzy IFTHEN rules. The ARFIS architecture is employed to model nonlinear molecular communication to predict the received bits over time series. Result: This procedure is suitable for binary On-OFF-Keying (Book signaling), where the receiver bio-nanomachine (Rx Bio-NM) adapts the 1/0-bit detection threshold based on all previous received molecular cumulative concentrations to alleviate the inter-symbol interference (ISI) problem and reception noise. Conclusion: Theoretical and simulation results show the improvement in diffusion-based molecular throughput and the optimal number of molecules in transmission. Furthermore, the performance evaluation in various noisy channel sources shows promising improvement in the un-coded bit error rate (BER) compared with other threshold-based detection schemes in the literature.

scholarly journals Development of a Fuzzy Model for Differentiating Peanut Plant from Broadleaf Weeds Using Image Features

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Bakhshipour ◽  
Hemad Zareiforoush
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Fuzzy Classifier ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Peanut Plant

Abstract A combination of decision tree (DT) and fuzzy logic techniques was used to develop a fuzzy model for differentiating peanut plant from weeds. Color features and wavelet-based texture features were extracted from images of peanut plant and its three common weeds. Two feature selection techniques namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS) were applied on input dataset and three Decision Trees (DTs) including J48, Random Tree (RT), and Reduced Error Pruning (REP) were used to distinguish between different plants. In all cases, the best overall classification accuracies were achieved when CFS-selected features were used as input data. The obtained accuracies of J48-CFS, REP-CFS, and RT-CFS trees for classification of the four plant categories namely peanut plant, Velvetleaf, False daisy, and Nicandra, were 80.83%, 80.00% and 79.17% respectively. Along with these almost low accuracies, the structures of the decision trees were complex making them unsuitable for developing a fuzzy inference system. The classifiers were also used for differentiating peanut plant from the group of weeds. The overall accuracies on training and testing datasets were respectively 95.56% and 93.75% for J48-CFS; 92.78% and 91.67% for REP-CFS; and 93.33% and 92.59% for RT-CFS DTs. The results showed that the J48-CFS and REP-CFS were the most appropriate models to set the membership functions and rules of the fuzzy classifier system. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the developed DT-based fuzzy logic model can be used effectively to discriminate weeds from peanut plant in the form of machine vision-based cultivating systems.

scholarly journals CONTENT-BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING EXPRESSION SENSITIVITY BY FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM

Kursor ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sukmawati Nur Endah
Keyword(s):  
Image Retrieval ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Content Based Image Retrieval ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Image Region ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Content Base Image Retrieval ◽  
Text Query

Image retrieval can be divided into two types context-based and the content-based. Image retrieval based on the content refers to the image features such as color, texture, shape, semantics or sensations. This paper addresses the content-base image retrieval system based on expression sensitivity. It can be image or text query for input the system. Based on Itten theory, expression sensitivity consist of warm, cold, relax, anxious, and life. The research system uses two fuzzy inference system. Firstly, fuzzy inference system is used to decide image region of color. The image size is 256 x 256 pixel. Output the first fuzzy inference system is input for the second fuzzy inference system. The second fuzzy inference system is used to determined expression sensitivity of image. Degree of accuracy based on respondent from 50 images and 20 respondents is 42% for text query and 55% for image query. The further research, it can be used for other image such as medical image with certain criteria.

Nonlinear System Identification of Smart Buildings

2017 ◽  
pp. 328-347
Author(s):  
Soroush Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Yeesock Kim
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

In this book chapter, a system identification method for modeling nonlinear behavior of smart buildings is discussed that has a significantly low computation time. To reduce the size of the training data used for the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), principal component analysis (PCA) is used, i.e., PCA-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system: PANFIS. The PANFIS model is evaluated on a seismically excited three-story building equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper. The PANFIS model is trained using an artificial earthquake that contains a variety of characteristics of earthquakes. The trained PANFIS model is tested using four different earthquakes. It was demonstrated that the proposed PANFIS model is effective in modeling nonlinear behavior of a smart building with significant reduction in computational loads.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Individu Berdasarkan Pola Citra Rugae Palatina Menggunakan Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Farah Hana Kusumaputri ◽  
Suryo Adhi Wibowo ◽  
Yuti Malinda
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

Abstract Indonesia is a country that is in an area prone to natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and others. These natural disasters often cause many victims to die. To identify the victims' identities, an identification process is needed. The identification method most commonly used today is using fingerprints, teeth, and DNA. However, this identification method still has some shortcomings. At present a more effective alternative method is offered by utilizing the palatine rugae pattern. Rugae palatina has individual characteristics and is resistant to all kinds of damage. So that Rugae palatina has the potential to be used in the process of individual identification. In this research, application of palatine rugae image processing application will be developed with data recording, image registration, feature extraction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, and palatine rugae pattern classification using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) method. The expected output from this final project is a system that is able to identify individuals by utilizing the palatine rugae pattern. To get good and effective parameters for system performance, periodic testing is carried out. The sampling procedure uses original photographs directly taken from the palatine rugae, so that it will facilitate the identification process. Keyword: ANFIS, ANN, Fuzzy Logic, PCA, rugae palatina Abstrak Negara Indonesia merupakan negara yang berada di daerah rawan bencana alam, seperti erupsi gunung merapi, gempa bumi, tsunami, dan lain-lain. Bencana alam tersebut seringkali menyebabkan korban meninggal dalam jumlah yang banyak. Untuk mengenali identitas para korban tersebut diperlukannya proses identifikasi. Metode identifikasi yang paling sering digunakan saat ini yaitu menggunakan sidik jari, gigi, dan DNA. Namun, metode identifikasi tersebut masih mempunyai beberapa kekurangan. Saat ini ditawarkan metode alternatif yang lebih efektif yaitu dengan memanfaatkan pola rugae palatina. Rugae palatina memiliki sifat yang individual dan tahan terhadap segala macam kerusakan. Sehingga Rugae palatina memiliki potensi untuk digunakan dalam proses identifikasi individu. Dalam penelitian ini akan dikembangkan aplikasi pengolahan sampel citra rugae palatina dengan proses perekaman data, registrasi citra, ekstrasi ciri menggunakan metode Principal Component Analysis (PCA), dan klasifikasi pola rugae palatina menggunakan metode Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Keluaran yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem yang mampu mengidentifikasi individu dengan memanfaatkan pola rugae palatina. Untuk mendapatkan parameter yang baik dan efektif terhadap performansi sistem, maka dilakukan pengujian secara berkala. Prosedur pegangambilan sampel menggunakan foto asli yang secara langsung diambil dari rugae palatina, sehingga akan mempermudah proses identifikasi. Kata kunci: ANFIS, ANN, Fuzzy Logic, PCA, rugae palatina 

Nonlinear System Identification of Smart Buildings

Fuzzy Systems ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1183-1202
Author(s):  
Soroush Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Yeesock Kim
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

In this book chapter, a system identification method for modeling nonlinear behavior of smart buildings is discussed that has a significantly low computation time. To reduce the size of the training data used for the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), principal component analysis (PCA) is used, i.e., PCA-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system: PANFIS. The PANFIS model is evaluated on a seismically excited three-story building equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper. The PANFIS model is trained using an artificial earthquake that contains a variety of characteristics of earthquakes. The trained PANFIS model is tested using four different earthquakes. It was demonstrated that the proposed PANFIS model is effective in modeling nonlinear behavior of a smart building with significant reduction in computational loads.

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