Average Speed of Public Transport Vehicles Based on Smartcard Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Vera Costa ◽  
José Luís Borges ◽  
Teresa Galvão Dias
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Average Speed

In public transport, traveler dissatisfaction is widespread, due to long waits and travel time, or the low frequency of the service provided. Public transport providers are increasingly concerned about improving the service provided. To improve public transport, detailed knowledge of the network and its weaknesses is necessary. An easy and cheap way to achieve this information is to extract knowledge from the data daily collected in a public transport network. Thus, this chapter focuses on data analysis resulting from the smartcard-based ticketing system. The main objective is to detect patterns of average speed for all days of the week and times of the day, along with pairs of consecutive stops. To perform the analyses, the average speed was deduced from ticketing data, and clustering methods were applied. The results show that it is possible to find segments with similar patterns and identify days and times with similar patterns.

scholarly journals The use of network analysis in the process of delimitation as exemplifi ed by the administrative division of Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Borowska-Stefańska ◽  
Szymon Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Administrative Division ◽  
Territorial Division

AbstractThe cognitive aim of this study is to point to the optimum number of local government units and the optimum boundaries of spatial units in Poland with the assumption of minimizing the cumulated theoretical travel time to all settlement units in the country. The methodological aim, in turn, is to present the use of the ArcGIS location-allocation tool for the purposes of delimitation processes as exemplifi ed by administrative boundaries in Poland. The rationale for the implementation of this study is that number and the boundaries of units of all levels of Poland’s current territorial division are far from optimum in the light of minimization of accumulated theoretical travel time to all settlement units in the country. It may be concluded that it would be justifi able to increase the number of voivodships from the current number of 16 to 18. Besides it would be necessary to introduce modifi cations in relation to units with regional functions. In contrast, the number of districts and communes should be reduced. A continuation of this research may go in the direction of including analysis of public transport network in the research, creating in this way a multimodal set of network data. This would illustrate, apart from the potential itself resulting from the infrastructure, also the actually existing connections.

scholarly journals Evaluation model for local transit effectiveness to support the service design in weak demand areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Umberto Petruccelli
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Service Efficiency

In a public transport network, an integration between lines generally involves, on one hand, the reduction in the number of direct links, which forces users to perform more vehicle switches, and on the other hand, the possibility of supplying a greater number of rides with the same mileage. Thus, the conversion of a direct link scheme to a feeder-trunk one to improve transit service efficiency in weak demand areas produces both negative and positive effects on accessibility. This paper deals with the built of a model able to estimate an equivalent travel time, taking into account the discomfort caused to users by the vehicle switch and the benefit arising from the greater availability of public transit rides. To validate this model and highlight benefits and limitations resulting from feeder-trunk supply schemes an application to a case study was developed.

scholarly journals The role of unpaid domestic work in explaining the gender gap in the (monetary) value of leisure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Jokubauskaitė ◽  
Reinhard Hössinger ◽  
Sergio Jara-Díaz ◽  
Stefanie Peer ◽  
Alyssa Schneebaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Unpaid Labor ◽  
Travel Time Savings

AbstractThe value of travel time savings (VTTS) representing the willingness to pay to reduce travel time, consists of two components: the value of liberating time [equal to the value of leisure (VoL)] and the value of time assigned to travel (VTAT), representing the travel conditions of a trip. Their relative values indicate which dimension to emphasize when investing in transport: speed or comfort. In this paper, we formulate and estimate a framework aimed at the improvement in the estimation of the VoL. By introducing a novel treatment of time assigned to domestic work, we consider that unpaid labor should be assigned a wage rate as a measure of the expenses avoided when assigning time to those chores. We use state-of-the-art data on time use and expenses as well as online data on gig workers collected in Austria, and apply the time-use and expenditure model of Jara-Diaz et al. (Transp Res Part B 42(10):946–957, 2008). The wage rates for paid and unpaid work were combined to re-formulate the budget constraint, which affected women more than men due to the higher involvement of the former in domestic activities. Compared against the original estimation, the VoL changed from €10/h for men and €6/h for women to €9/h for both genders, which in turn yields a larger average VTAT, which becomes positive for public transport. As a conclusion, the novel treatment of domestic labor contributes to closing the gap in the VoL between genders and highlights the power of unveiling the components behind the VTTS. The empirical findings imply that investments in travel time reductions rather than in comfort should be prioritized, given the very good conditions of public transport in Austria.

scholarly journals Evaluating Performance of Public Transport Networks by Using Public Transport Criteria Matrix Analytic Hierarchy Process Models—Case Study of Stonnington, Bayswater, and Cockburn Public Transport Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6949
Author(s):  
Gang Lin ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
Conghua Lin ◽  
Linshan Bu ◽  
Honglei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Ahp Model

To mitigate car traffic problems, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) issued a document that provides guidelines for sustainable development and the promotion of public transport. The efficiency of the policies and strategies needs to be evaluated to improve the performance of public transportation networks. To assess the performance of a public transport network, it is first necessary to select evaluation criteria. Based on existing indicators, this research proposes a public transport criteria matrix that includes the basic public transport infrastructure level, public transport service level, economic benefit level, and sustainable development level. A public transport criteria matrix AHP model is established to assess the performance of public transport networks. The established model selects appropriate evaluation criteria based on existing performance standards. It is applied to study the Stonnington, Bayswater, and Cockburn public transport network, representing a series of land use and transport policy backgrounds. The local public transport authorities can apply the established transport criteria matrix AHP model to monitor the performance of a public transport network and provide guidance for its improvement.

SEMIPARAMETRIC CLUSTERING METHOD FOR MICROARRAY DATA ANALYSIS

2008 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
AO YUAN ◽  
WENQING HE
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Microarray Data ◽  
Mixture Distribution ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Microarray Data Analysis ◽  
Parametric Methods ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Microarray Gene Expression ◽  
Data Set

Clustering is a major tool for microarray gene expression data analysis. The existing clustering methods fall mainly into two categories: parametric and nonparametric. The parametric methods generally assume a mixture of parametric subdistributions. When the mixture distribution approximately fits the true data generating mechanism, the parametric methods perform well, but not so when there is nonnegligible deviation between them. On the other hand, the nonparametric methods, which usually do not make distributional assumptions, are robust but pay the price for efficiency loss. In an attempt to utilize the known mixture form to increase efficiency, and to free assumptions about the unknown subdistributions to enhance robustness, we propose a semiparametric method for clustering. The proposed approach possesses the form of parametric mixture, with no assumptions to the subdistributions. The subdistributions are estimated nonparametrically, with constraints just being imposed on the modes. An expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm along with a classification step is invoked to cluster the data, and a modified Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is employed to guide the determination of the optimal number of clusters. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance and the robustness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method yields reasonable partition of the data. As an illustration, the proposed method is applied to a real microarray data set to cluster genes.

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