Using GIS in Disaster Response Operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-199
Author(s):  
Zafer Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
Road Segments

Earthquakes come first compared with other disasters concerning casualties and economic losses. Thousands of people need heath and logistic support after earthquakes. Therefore, legal authorities focus on finding best locations for logistics depots to reach the demand points as soon as possible. Linear and non-linear models are used to find depot locations. In this study, alternatively, geographic information system (GIS) is used to find the optimal locations of depots among candidates. A new model is introduced which cover the earthquake effects while estimating the vehicle speeds on road segments. Optimal locations of depots are found both with and without including the earthquake effects on vehicle speeds and travel times on the road segments in order to compare the results. A case study is applied for Bahçelievler town in Istanbul. Three depot locations are found among 21 candidate locations (facilities) for 62 estimated demand points. The results show that the depot locations are not necessarily the same whether the earthquake effects on travel times are included or not.

scholarly journals Improving V2X-6G network capacity using a new UAV-based approach in a Cloud/ICN architecture, case Study: VANET network

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Abdeslam Houari ◽  
Tomader Mazri
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Intelligent Environment ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
On The Road

6G of mobile networks plays a crucial role in improving the capacity and enhancing the quality of services of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) based networks evolving in an intelligent environment. VANET is a promising project in the intelligent transportation field using V2X communications. The emergence of several 5G and 6G technologies has raised several challenges for scientists and researchers to allow vehicles and road users to enjoy several services while ensuring their safety on the road. Among these technologies, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which can perform different tasks for road users and vehicle drivers such as data caching, packet relaying and processing. In this article, we present a new approach based on 6G Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology on a vehicular cloud architecture while exploiting the exchange support of information-centric networking (ICN) for the improvement of network capacity.

scholarly journals Development of driving cycle under real world traffic conditions: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4798
Author(s):  
Geetha A. ◽  
Subramani C.
Keyword(s):  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Condensed Form ◽  
On The Road

<p><span>The modeling of a car is essentially done by taking into consideration the driving terrain, traffic conditions, driver’s behavior and various other factors which may directly or indirectly affect the vehicle’s performance. A vehicle is modeled for given specifications and constraints like maximum speed, maximum acceleration, and braking time, appropriate suspension for the gradient of the road and fuel consumption. Henceforth, a profound study and analysis of different drive cycles are essential. A time dependent drive cycle is a condensed form of data that helps us to determine the time taken to conduct the driving test on the road. This article highlights the development of a real driving cycle in the area of Tamilnadu, India. On-road vehicle’s speeds versus time data were obtained along the selected route. The data obtained were analyzed first and then a new driving cycle was developed.</span></p>

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN DATA AIS-IRSMS UNTUK PREDIKSI KECELAKAAN MELIBATKAN SEPEDA MOTOR PADA RUAS JALAN DI KOTA SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zainul Arifin ◽  
Imma Widyawati Agustin ◽  
Sonya Sulistyono
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Accident Estimation

Accidents of involving motorcycles in Surabaya tend to increase. Recorded from 2014 to 2016 were reached 721, 929 and 1,325 accidents. This phenomenon is certainly not beneficial for the community and road transport policy makers. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of motorcycle riders and accidents of involving motorcycles. This research further develops estimation of accident prediction involving motorcycle in Surabaya City. Accident data compiled from AIS-IRSMS to know the characteristics of users and accidents using the accidents approach. The research location was conducted in accident prone areas during January 2014 to February 2017 also using AIS-IRSMS. With the Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), the result of estimation of accident estimation involving motorcycle that is McA = 0.00225 Q1.030 e(0.034 S). Accidents of involving motorcycles are heavily influenced by the number of vehicles on the road and the speed of the vehicle. Kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor di Kota Surabaya cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Tercatat tahun 2014 hingga 2016 mencapai 721, 929 dan 1.325 kejadian kecelakaan. Fenomena ini tentunya tidak menguntungkan bagi masyarakat dan pengambil kebijakan terkait transportasi jalan raya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengendara sepeda motor terlibat kecelakaan dan kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini melakukan pengembangan estimasi prediksi kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor di Kota Surabaya. Data kecelakaan dikompulir dari AIS-IRSMS untuk mengetahui karakteristik penguna dan kecelakaan menggunakan pendekatan frekwensi kejadian. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan pada daerah rawan kecelakaan sepanjang Januari 2014 hingga Februari 2017 juga menggunakan bantuan AIS-IRSMS. Menggunakan metode Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), hasil penelitian diperoleh estimasi prediksi kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor yaitu McA= 0,00225 Q1,030 e(0,034 S). Kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor sangat dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya kendaraan di jalan dan kecepatan kendaraan.

Real-Time V2V Communication With a Machine Learning-Based System for Detecting Drowsiness of Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Ahmed Y. Awad ◽  
Seshadri Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drowsy Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The U.S

This article applies machine learning to detect whether a driver is drowsy and alert the driver. The drowsiness of a driver can lead to accidents resulting in severe physical injuries, including deaths, and significant economic losses. Driver fatigue resulting from sleep deprivation causes major accidents on today's roads. In 2010, nearly 24 million vehicles were involved in traffic accidents in the U.S., which resulted in more than 33,000 deaths and over 3.9 million injuries, according to the U.S. NHTSA. A significant percentage of traffic accidents can be attributed to drowsy driving. It is therefore imperative that an efficient technique is designed and implemented to detect drowsiness as soon as the driver feels drowsy and to alert and wake up the driver and thereby preventing accidents. The authors apply machine learning to detect eye closures along with yawning of a driver to optimize the system. This paper also implements DSRC to connect vehicles and create an ad hoc vehicular network on the road. When the system detects that a driver is drowsy, drivers of other nearby vehicles are alerted.

A study on Private Car Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Abdulmajeed Alamri ◽  
Tarek M. Esmael ◽  
Sami Fawzy ◽  
Hany Hosny ◽  
Saleh Attawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
On The Road

In this study, road traffic injury (RTI) was defined as any injury resulting from a road traffic accident irrespective of severity and outcome. Road traffic accident (RTA) was defined as any crash on the road involving at least one moving vehicle, irrespective of it resulting in an injury. This could include collision with a vehicle or any non`moving object while driving/riding a vehicle, collision with a moving vehicle while walking/running/standing/ sitting on the road, or fall from a moving vehicle. The burden of road traffic accidents (RTA) is a leading cause of all trauma admissions in hospitals worldwide. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to victims, their families, and to nations as a whole. These losses arise from the cost of treatment (including rehabilitation and incident investigation) as well as reduced/lost productivity (e.g. in wages) for those killed or disabled by their injuries and for family members who need to take time off work (or school) to care for the injured. Road traffic fatality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the highest, accounts for 4.7% of all mortalities. Road injuries also are reported to be the most serious in this country, with an accident to injury ratio of 8:6. In this study, we try to focus on some causes of the accidents in KSA, so we can implement the prevention plan.

What Role Place and Localness in the Design of Sustainable Buildings?

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Dick Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Joint Paper ◽  
Sustainable Buildings ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Is “the new modernism” in domestic architecture—sometimes called “internationalism”—a useful step on the road toward sustainable buildings? Mindless recreations of traditional forms from other times and places are no better, as many writers have noted, but any building's natural and cultural context must play a fundamental role in the design, materials selection, and even the detailing, if sustainability is to be more readily achieved. The role of place-based planning has been well researched and reported (Clarke 2006; Mant 1998, 2000; NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 2001). Less well understood is the role of “localness” in building design. This informs the overall form of buildings, and their detailing, as well as their technical functionality. A local understanding stems from a sense of materials, climate, and indigenous or local culture, and informs the design process at every level. In this article, the position of internationalist domestic architecture (espoused in glossy architecture publications) is criticised, drawing also on previous research (a case study of the outcomes of a place-based planning instrument, by the author, and a joint paper on locality-based design written jointly with Trevor King). The internationalist design approach is shown not to provide culturally appropriate or technically sustainable buildings.

scholarly journals Understanding Air Pollution from Induced Traffic during and after the Construction of a New Highway: Case Study of Highway 25 in Montreal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shohel Reza Amin ◽  
Umma Tamima ◽  
Luis Amador Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Close Vicinity ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

This study demonstrates through a case study that detailed analyses, even after the construction of a project, are feasible using current technologies and available data. A case study of highway 25 is used to illustrate the method and verify the levels of air contaminants from additionally induced traffic during and after the construction of highway. Natural traffic growth was removed from the effect of observed gas emissions by comparing observed levels on other further locations in the same metropolitan area. This study estimates air pollution from the additional traffic during and after the construction of A-25 extension project. NO2 levels were spatially interpolated during peak and off-peak hour traffic and traffic density simulated on the road network for four scenarios. Comparing the four scenarios, it was found that levels of NO2 concentrations were reduced at neighbor areas due to less traffic during the construction period. Levels of NO2 after the construction were higher than those in 2008. The simulated traffic density for four scenarios revealed that traffic density was significantly increased on both arterial and access roads within the close vicinity of the extension project during and after its construction.

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