Overcoming the Scheduling Barriers in Software Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Liguo Yu
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Power Law Function ◽  
The Relationship

Scheduling is an important management activity in software projects. The relationship between nominal development time and development effort has been characterized as a power-law function where development time is dependent on development effort. Studies performed in 1980s determined that there is a scheduling barrier for any software project given the amount of effort to complete the project. Specifically, the studies found out that it is extremely difficult to reduce the development time lowering than a threshold calculated based on the nominal development time. Scheduling barriers are largely due to the complexity of interactions and communications among developers. Thirty years later, this paper examines six software projects in order to understand the relationship between development time and development effort in the 21st century. The author's study suggests that in modern software development, scheduling barriers could be broken through improving the efficiencies of communications, collaborations, and project management.

Effort, Time, and Staffing in Continually Evolving Open-Source Projects

2015 ◽  
pp. 1722-1743
Author(s):  
Liguo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Linux Kernel ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Software Development Effort ◽  
Closed Source

Scheduling and staffing are important management activities in software projects. In closed-source software development, the relationships among development effort, time, and staffing have been well established and validated: the development effort determines the development time and the best number of developers that should be allocated to the project. However, there has been no similar research reported in open-source projects. In this chapter, the authors study the development effort, development time, and staffing in an open-source project, the Linux kernel project. Specifically, they investigate the power law relations among development effort, development time, and the number of active developers in the Linux kernel project. The authors find the power law relations differ from one branch to another branch in the Linux kernel project, which suggests different kinds of management and development styles might exist in different branches of the Linux kernel project. The empirical knowledge of software development effort obtained in this study could help project management and cost control in both open-source communities and closed-source industries.

Effort, Time, and Staffing in Continually Evolving Open-Source Projects

2013 ◽  
pp. 86-108
Author(s):  
Liguo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Linux Kernel ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Software Development Effort ◽  
Closed Source

Scheduling and staffing are important management activities in software projects. In closed-source software development, the relationships among development effort, time, and staffing have been well established and validated: the development effort determines the development time and the best number of developers that should be allocated to the project. However, there has been no similar research reported in open-source projects. In this chapter, the authors study the development effort, development time, and staffing in an open-source project, the Linux kernel project. Specifically, they investigate the power law relations among development effort, development time, and the number of active developers in the Linux kernel project. The authors find the power law relations differ from one branch to another branch in the Linux kernel project, which suggests different kinds of management and development styles might exist in different branches of the Linux kernel project. The empirical knowledge of software development effort obtained in this study could help project management and cost control in both open-source communities and closed-source industries.

Lack of Skill Risks to Organizational Technology Learning and Software Project Performance

2009 ◽  
pp. 2247-2261
Author(s):  
James Jiang ◽  
Gary Klein ◽  
Phil Beck ◽  
Eric T.G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Development Process ◽  
System Development ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Technology Skills ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
Software Project Performance ◽  
The Relationship

To improve the performance of software projects, a number of practices are encouraged that serve to control certain risks in the development process, including a lack of essential skills and knowledge related to the application domain and system development process. A potential mediating variable between the lack of skill risk and project performance is the ability of an organization to acquire the essential domain knowledge and technology skills through learning, specifically organizational technology learning. However, the same lack of knowledge that hinders good project performance may also inhibit learning. This study examines the relationship between information system personnel skills and domain knowledge, organizational technology learning, and software project performance with a sample of professional software developers. Indications are that the relationship between information systems (IS) personnel skills and project performance is partially mediated by organizational technology learning.

scholarly journals Improving Effort Estimation by Voting Software Estimation Models

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Capretz ◽  
Venus Marza
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Software Estimation ◽  
Software Development Effort ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Estimation Models

Estimating software development effort is an important task in the management of large software projects. The task is challenging, and it has been receiving the attentions of researchers ever since software was developed for commercial purpose. A number of estimation models exist for effort prediction. However, there is a need for novel models to obtain more accurate estimations. The primary purpose of this study is to propose a precise method of estimation by selecting the most popular models in order to improve accuracy. Consequently, the final results are very precise and reliable when they are applied to a real dataset in a software project. Empirical validation of this approach uses the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) Data Repository Version 10 to demonstrate the improvement in software estimation accuracy.

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EFFORT ESTIMATION USING CLASSICAL AND FUZZY ANALOGY: A CROSS-VALIDATION COMPARATIVE STUDY

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450013 ◽  
Author(s):  
FATIMA AZZAHRA AMAZAL ◽  
ALI IDRI ◽  
ALAIN ABRAN
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Software Development Effort ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Estimation Models

Software effort estimation is one of the most important tasks in software project management. Of several techniques suggested for estimating software development effort, the analogy-based reasoning, or Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), approaches stand out as promising techniques. In this paper, the benefits of using linguistic rather than numerical values in the analogy process for software effort estimation are investigated. The performance, in terms of accuracy and tolerance of imprecision, of two analogy-based software effort estimation models (Classical Analogy and Fuzzy Analogy, which use numerical and linguistic values respectively to describe software projects) is compared. Three research questions related to the performance of these two models are discussed and answered. This study uses the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) dataset and confirms the usefulness of using linguistic instead of numerical values in analogy-based software effort estimation models.

The Impact of Missing Skills on Learning and Project Performance

2011 ◽  
pp. 1445-1457
Author(s):  
James Jiang ◽  
Gary Klein ◽  
Phil Beck ◽  
Eric T.G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Development Process ◽  
System Development ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

To improve the performance of software projects, a number of practices are encouraged that serve to control certain risks in the development process, including the risk of limited competences related to the application domain and system development process. A potential mediating variable between this lack of skill and project performance is the ability of an organization to acquire the essential domain knowledge and technology skills through learning, specifically organizational technology learning. However, the same lack of knowledge that hinders good project performance may also inhibit learning since a base of knowledge is essential in developing new skills and retaining lessons learned. This study examines the relationship between information system personnel skills and domain knowledge, organizational technology learning, and software project performance with a sample of professional software developers. Indications are that the relationship between information systems (IS) personnel skills and project performance is partially mediated by organizational technology learning.

The Impact of Missing Skills on Learning and Project Performance

2011 ◽  
pp. 288-301
Author(s):  
James Jiang ◽  
Gary Klein ◽  
Phil Beck ◽  
Eric T.G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Development Process ◽  
System Development ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

To improve the performance of software projects, a number of practices are encouraged that serve to control certain risks in the development process, including the risk of limited competences related to the application domain and system development process. A potential mediating variable between this lack of skill and project performance is the ability of an organization to acquire the essential domain knowledge and technology skills through learning, specifically organizational technology learning. However, the same lack of knowledge that hinders good project performance may also inhibit learning since a base of knowledge is essential in developing new skills and retaining lessons learned. This study examines the relationship between information system personnel skills and domain knowledge, organizational technology learning, and software project performance with a sample of professional software developers. Indications are that the relationship between information systems (IS) personnel skills and project performance is partially mediated by organizational technology learning.

scholarly journals Power-Law Properties of Human View and Reply Behavior in Online Society

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Wu ◽  
Qihui Ye ◽  
Lixiang Li ◽  
Jinghua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Power Law Function ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Power Law Distributions

Statistical properties of the human comment behavior are studied using data from “Tianya” and “Tieba” which are very popular online social systems (or forums) in China. We find that both the reply numberRand the view numberVof a thread in a subforum obey the power-law distributionsP(R)=RαandP(V)∝Vβ, respectively, which indicates that there exists a kind of highly popular topics. These topics should be specially paid much attention, because they play an important role in the public opinion formation and the public opinion control. In addition, the relationship betweenRandValso obeys the power-law functionR∝Vγ. Based on the human comment habit, a model is introduced to explain the human view and reply behaviors in the forum. Numerical simulations of the model fit well with the empirical results. Our findings are helpful for discovering collective patterns of human behaviors and the evolution of public opinions on the virtual society as well as the real one.

scholarly journals On Effort Distribution in Software Project Development for Academic Domain

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1755-1761
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Computer Science Courses ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Effort Distribution

Effort distribution in software engineering is a well-known term used to measure cost and effort estimation for each and every phase or activity in software development. Effort distribution is taken in consideration in almost all IT companies while developing software. But it is mostly not considered or overlooked in developing academic software projects by students of computer science courses. The paper presents with results of an experimentation on phase effort distribution data of 84 software academic projects of post graduate final year students of computer science. The phase effort distribution provided by students were collected, analyzed and compared with COCOMO II model which provides effort distribution required in software development. Finally, this paper also discusses and provides recommendation about the use and importance of effort distribution in academic software projects development.

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