A Systematic Survey of Multiprocessor Real-Time Scheduling and Synchronization Protocol

Background: Nowadays, there is an immense increase in the demand for high power computation of real-time workloads and the trend towards multi-core and multiprocessor CPUs. The real-time system needs to be implemented upon multiprocessor platforms. Introduction: The nature of processors in an embedded real-time system is changing day by day. The two most significant challenges in a multiprocessor environment are scheduling and synchronization. The popularity of real-time multi-core systems has exploded in recent years, driving the rapid development of a variety of methods for multiprocessor scheduling of essential tasks, on the other hand, these systems have constraints when it comes to maintaining synchronization in order to access shared resources. Method: This research work presents a systematic review of different existing scheduling algorithms and synchronization protocols for shared resources in a real-time multiprocessor environment. The manuscript also presents a study based on various metrics of resource scheduling and comparison among different resource scheduling techniques. Result and Conclusion: The survey classifies open issues, key challenges, and likely useful research directions. Finally, we accept that there is still a lot of capacity in getting better resource management and further maintaining the overall quality. The paper considers such a future path of research in this field.

Inclusive Education

The challenges facing full inclusion are many: time, scheduling, role clarity, self-efficacy, collaboration, parity, classroom management, new and different skill sets, training, and support. If we plan for, train, and schedule special and general education teachers as separate entities, they will be. Instead, all educators and leaders must be viewed, and treated, as part of a single working system. This chapter outlines concrete and actionable strategies for school leaders and general and special educators to support effective inclusion and make it a reality for all students. Hard work? Yes! Worth it? Absolutely!

VIRTUAL ARRIVAL: A REAL OPTION FOR ENERGY SAVING?

The maritime traffic is the real backbone of the international transport of goods in the world and it is driven by a severe observance of time scheduling. Nevertheless, mainly in relation with the most traveled routes, frequently it might happen that port facilities are congested, and the time schedule for ship load/unload operations is accordingly delayed. In this circumstance the choice is between meeting the original ETA (estimated time of arrival) and then let the ship riding at anchor or slowing down the ship in order to adjust the arrival to the actually needed time window. The latter option is called "Virtual Arrival"[1] because it consists of applying a speed reduction that fits the new time for port operations instead of arriving at the original ETA. The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the Virtual Arrival policy could be a valuable option providing a reasonable energy saving for ships. The potential benefits are considerable and they result in direct saving in fuel consumption, reduction of CO2 emissions and less congested port areas.

EDF-Adaptive: A New Semipartitioned Scheduling Algorithm for Multiprocessor Real-Time

Most of the multiprocessor real-time scheduling algorithms follow the partitioned approach, the global approach, or the semipartitioned approach which is a hybrid of the first two by allowing a small subset of tasks to migrate. EDF-fm (Earliest Deadline First-based Fixed and Migrating) and EDF-os (Earliest Deadline First-based Optimal Semipartitioned) are semipartitioned approaches and were proposed for soft real-time sporadic task systems. Despite their desirable property that migrations are boundary-limited such as they can only occur at job boundaries, EDF-fm and EDF-os are not always optimal and have higher tardiness and cost of overheads due to task migration. To address these issues, in this paper, we classify the systems into different types according to the utilization of their tasks and propose a new semipartitioned scheduling algorithm, earliest deadline first-adaptive, dubbed as EDF-adaptive. Our experiments show that EDF-adaptive can achieve better performance than EDF-fm and EDF-os, in terms of system utilization and tardiness overhead. It is also proved that EDF-adaptive is able to lessen the task migration overhead, by reducing the number of migrating jobs and the number of processors to which a task is migrated.

Platinum and Taxane Based Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review

Platinum (Pt) derivatives such as cisplatin and carboplatin are the class of drugs with proven activity against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This is due to the ability of Pt compounds to interfere with the DNA repair mechanisms of the neoplastic cells. Taxanes have been efficacious against estrogen receptor-negative tumors and act by disruption of microtubule function. Due to their distinct mechanisms of action and routes of metabolism, the combination of the Pt agents and taxanes results in reduced systemic toxicity, which is ideal for treating TNBC. Also, the sensitivity of BRCA1-mutated cells to taxanes remains unsolved as in vitro evidence indicates resistance against taxanes due to BRCA1 mutations. Recent evidence suggests that the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel resulted in better pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with TNBC, both in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. In vitro studies showed sequential dependency and optimal time scheduling of Pt- and taxane-based chemotherapy. Also, combining carboplatin with docetaxel in the NAC regimen yields an excellent pCR in patients with BRCA-associated and wild-type TNBC. TNBC is a therapeutic challenge that can be tackled by identifying new therapeutic sub-targets and specific cross-sections that can be benefitted from the addition of Pt- and taxane-based chemotherapy. This review summarizes the merits as well as the mechanism of Pt- and taxane-based adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapies in early TNBC from the available and ongoing clinical studies.

Climate and Environmental Benefit Study of PV Resource Development: Case Study of Angola

Vigorously promoting the development of photovoltaic (PV) resources is a positive measure taken by humanity in response to the changes in global climate and environment. At the same time, combining photovoltaic power generation systems with traditional power generation systems, using the advantages of different power generation systems to achieve real-time scheduling optimization has become an urgent problem to be solved in engineering applications. This paper attempts to study the climate and environmental benefits of the development of photovoltaic resource in Africa by taking Angola as an example based on actual project data. According to the characteristics, load requirements, seasonal characteristics and actual engineering background of Tombwa in Angola, a baseline Scenario and four comparative Scenarios were established, and the operating costs of the five Scenarios in local rainy season and dry season were obtained respectively. The cost of electricity for the five Scenarios calculated subsequently. Through real-time scheduling and optimization of the software, the emission characteristics of CO2, NOx and CO under five Scenarios are obtained, and the climate benefits and environmental benefits of the five scenarios are further analyzed and compared. The results show that the development of photovoltaic resources in Angola has good climate and environmental benefits. In addition, the combine application of diesel, PV and battery power system will be the most effective of the five Scenarios to reduce the CO2 emissions with the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 0.38 yuan/kwh, as a cost-effective solution in remote areas of Angola, Africa.