Studying the Blood Plasma Flow past a Red Blood Cell with the Mathematical Method of Kelvin's Transformation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Maria Hadjinicolaou ◽  
Eleftherios Protopapas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Stream Function ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Prolate Spheroid ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Flow Past ◽  
Analytical Expressions

A mathematical tool, namely the Kelvin transformation, has been employed in order to derive analytical expressions for important hydrodynamic quantities, aiming to the understanding and to the study of the blood plasma flow past a Red Blood Cell (RBC). These quantities are the fluid velocity, the drag force exerted on a cell and the drag coefficient. They are obtained by employing the stream function ? which describes the Stokes flow past a fixed cell. The RBC, being a biconcave disk, has been modelled as an inverted prolate spheroid. The stream function is given as a series expansion in terms of Gegenbauer functions, which converge fast. Therefore we employ only the first term of the series in order to derive simple and ready to use analytical expressions. These expressions are important in medicine, for studying, for example the transportation of oxygen, or the drug delivery to solid tumors.

scholarly journals Effect of T-2 and HT-2 Toxin during the Growing Period on Body Weight, Lipid Peroxide and Glutathione Redox Status of Broiler Chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Weber ◽  
Krisztián Balogh ◽  
Judit Fodor ◽  
Márta Erdélyi ◽  
Zsolt Ancsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity

The effect of T-2 and HT-2 toxin using different doses in the starter (0-21 days: 1.04 mg T-2 toxin and 0.49 mg HT-2 toxin kg-1feed), and finisher diets (22-39 days: 0.12 mg T-2 toxin and 0.02 mg HT-2 toxin kg-1feed) was investigated in broiler chickens. Birds were divided into two groups fed with control and T-2 and HT-2 toxin contaminated diets. Pathological signs of toxicity were investigated on days 21 and 39 of the trial, individual liveweight was measured weekly. Five birds from each group were sacrificed on the 21st and 39th days of treatment, when blood plasma, red blood cell, liver and kidney samples were taken, in which malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione concentration and glutathione-peroxidase activity were determined. Pathological signs (lesions in the oral cavity and on the tongue, inflammation in the small intestine) were found in the group fed T-2 and HT-2 toxin contaminated feed on day 21 compared to control. Body weight was significantly lower as a result of feeding T-2 and HT-2 toxin contaminated diet. However, the contamination did not cause a significant increase of malondialdehyde content in the analysed tissues. Reduced glutathione content was significantly lower in the liver homogenate on day 39 than that of the control. Glutathione peroxidase activity also did not differ significantly in blood plasma, red blood cell haemolysates and kidney homogenates, while it was significantly higher in the liver homogenates of the mycotoxin-challenged birds. In conclusion, it can be stated that T-2 and HT-2 toxin exposure has long-term effects in broiler chickens.

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