Homogenization of Japanese Industrial Technology From the Perspective of R&D Expenses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-51
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Yamada
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Japanese Industry ◽  
Allocation Ratio ◽  
Electronic Parts

The aim of this paper is to discuss the reasons for the decline in the profitability of Japanese R&D from the perspective of in-house R&D efforts. Focusing on changes in the allocation ratio of in-house R&D expenses by industry from 1972 to 2017, technological structure changes in the Japanese industry during that period are empirically analyzed. Based on the analysis, the technological structure of the Japanese industry has been consistently moving toward homogenization since 1972. Homogenization is mainly directed toward the related technical fields of automobiles and information and communication machinery/equipment/electronic parts, which are the main industries that currently lead the Japanese economy. While the types of technical knowledge possessed by the Japanese industry are decreasing, there is a lack of R&D activities that will create new products and markets and increase the pie of the Japanese industry or greatly promote the metabolism of technology of the entire industry.

scholarly journals The financial system and corporate governance in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuaki Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Japanese Corporations ◽  
Main Banks ◽  
Cross Shareholdings

Corporations may be said to be engines of any market economy and their proper behavior is a key to economic, hence human, security. This paper argues that one of the most important causes for the prolonged period of recessions of the Japanese economy in the 1990’s is deeply rooted in the long-established financial structure of the economy and in the closely related issue of corporate governance. Although Japanese corporations have been traditionally understood that their activities are monitored and governed by “main banks,” this framework has been changing over the last 10-15 years toward corporate governance driven by pressure from capital markets. This change has been necessitated by: (a) less need on the part of corporations to rely on banks in acquiring funds, (b) ongoing dissolution of cross shareholdings, (3) an increasing importance for the role of institutional investors, and (4) innovations in information and communication technologies. The change may be regarded as being one from “process innovation” toward a system conducive to “product innovation;” hence a desirable shift. There remain, however, a number of policy tasks, such as institutional improvement in securities investment trusts and the need to better define the role of institutional investors

scholarly journals Financial sector evolution and competencies development in the context of information and communication technologies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilja Arefjevs ◽  
◽  
Aivars Spilbergs ◽  
Andris Natrins ◽  
Atis Verdenhofs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Products ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
New Business ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Competencies Development

The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has a significant impact on the business model of companies operating in the financial sector. Digital transformation leads to changing existing business model rapidly, as well as necessity of developing new processes specifically related to the use of ICT in business processes, development of new products and updating existing ones. At present, changes in the demand for ICT related processes in financial sector are observed both through the development of different technologies and their applications core or ancillary processes (e.g. innovations in payment systems including crypto currencies, blockchain-assisted smart contract, credit markets and insurance including peer-to-peer lending). Based on the opportunities offered by ICT, new business models need to be developed in the financial sector to transform these capabilities into new products and services that respond to changing customer demand. The aim of research to investigate the changes taking place in financial sector in the light of developments in ICT for acquisition of necessary competencies. Research methodology includes systematic review of scientific literature, analysis of selected financial sector statistics, semi-structured industry expert interviews and statistics analysis. The empirical study is limited to the financial sector of Latvia. Although due to the global nature of the financial sector the research findings could be applied internationally.

scholarly journals The 6-th Interregional Scientific and practical Conference “Information Multimedia Technologies: Development vectors”. Review

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Timoshkina
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
New Products ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Multimedia Resources ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
Practical Conference

The 6-th Interregional Scientific and practical Conference “Information Multimedia Technologies: Development vectors” held at N. Nekrasov Central Universal Scientific Library is reviewed. The experience of using information multimedia resources and technologies in libraries, and new products of IT producers is discussed. The author concludes that information and communication technologies being introduced in a prompt manner are to improve services and enhance prestige of public libraries.

Elderly People, Disability, Dependence and New Technologies

2011 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
José Millán-Calenti ◽  
Ana Maseda
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Products ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Role Of Information

The potential impact of new assistive technologies to help people stay in their own homes for longer, age well and independently is a crucial challenge for future empowerment of the elderly. The main goals of this chapter are to draw attention to the characteristics of the elderly population and their situation regarding the increase in life expectancy and aging-related aspects, increasing the risk of disability and dependence. Notably, the role of information and communication technologies as supportive tools can help the elderly to improve their quality of life and independence. Services adapted to this population, e.g., tele-health, domotics or robotics, are examined in the text. We also look at the most relevant future opportunities and challenges to society towards new products and services.

Can Information and Communication Technology Solve Japan's Productivity Slowdown Problem?

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyohiko G. Nishimura ◽  
Masato Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Labor Inputs

This paper has three parts. First, we compile a new industry-by-industry data set of the Japanese economy in which information and communication technology (ICT) stocks are explicitly estimated and labor inputs are disaggregated with respect to age and education. Second, we investigate the effect of ICT on various labor inputs and discern for which labor inputs ICT is able to substitute. Third, we estimate the contribution of capital stocks, including ICT, and various labor inputs to the value-added growth of the Japanese economy in the 1980s and 1990s and explore the factors that determine technological progress. We find ICT capital stocks are an important substitute for young workers with low education levels. These results strongly suggest that ICT investment is an effective way to counter the prospective shortage of young workers in Japan. In contrast, we find no compelling evidence of productivity-enhancing ICT externality. On the contrary, our results suggest that ICT has a negative indirect effect on productivity. The past technological and managerial strengths of Japanese firms, which have been based on workers' learning by doing in the workplace, may no longer be advantages as knowledge management systems improve and become easily transferred across international borders.

Evolving a Regionally-Based Mechanism for the Provision of Technical Knowledge to SMEs

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lean ◽  
Jonathan Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Computer Based

This paper describes and evaluates a pilot project undertaken in the South West of England to develop a computer-based system for facilitating effective technical knowledge transfer to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It explores the problem of technical knowledge transfer to SMEs, focusing in particular on the policy context. The conceptualization, development and implementation of the pilot project, called ‘e-volve’, are described. The project's failure to develop beyond the pilot period provides the focus for its evaluation. Interview data were collected from system users to identify the main issues affecting the success of the initiative. Key factors concerned with the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and system membership are highlighted, as are a number of institutional and political issues relating to the e-volve project. Recommendations relating to both the implementation of technical knowledge systems and associated public policy issues are provided.

scholarly journals A Lógica da acumulação capitalista na economia informacional | The logic of capitalist accumulation in the informational economy

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouzid Izerrougene ◽  
Arthur G. B. Da Cruz Urpia ◽  
Isaura Florisa G. De Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Informational Economy

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as condições de acumulação de capital e de relações capital-trabalho no novo contexto de economia informacional. Trata das mudanças na criação de novos valores de uso e troca, os quais envolvem as inovações tecnológicas, os novos produtos e serviços e os conflitos distributivos. Palavras-chave economia informacional, acumulação, relações capital-trabalho, tecnologias de informação e de comunicação.Abstract This article aims to discuss the current conditions for capital accumulation and labour-capital relations in the new context of the informational economy. It anlyses the changes in the creation of new values of use and exchange that involve technological innovations, new products and services and distributive conflicts. Keywords informacional economy, accumulation, relations capital-work, technologies of information and communication

scholarly journals User Interface Cultures of Mobile Knowledge Workers

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Petri Mannonen
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
New Products ◽  
Current User ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Distributed Knowledge ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Modern Work ◽  
User Centered

Information and communication tools (ICTs) have become a major influencer of how modern work is carried out. Methods of user-centered design do not however take into account the full complexity of technology and the user interface context the users live in. User interface culture analysis aims providing to designers new ways and strategies to better take into account the current user interface environment when designing new products. This paper describes the reasons behind user interface culture analysis and shows examples of its usage when studying mobile and distributed knowledge workers.

scholarly journals Induction of cross-functional department to avoid design mis-match

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Veer Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
New Products ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Design Cognition ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Key Concepts

“Design thinking refers to the cognitive, strategic and practical processes by whichdesign concepts (proposals for new products, buildings, machines, etc.) are developed. Many ofthe key concepts and aspects of design thinking have been identified through studies, acrossdifferent design domains, of design cognition and design activity in both laboratory and naturalcontexts.Design thinking is also associated with prescriptions for the innovation of products and serviceswithin business and social contexts. Some of these prescriptions have been criticized foroversimplifying the design process and trivializing the role of technical knowledge and skills”

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