Flame-Retardant Properties of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Layered Double Hydroxides Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Chui Xuan Jia ◽  
Yi Qian ◽  
Xi Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Mg-Al-Fe ternary layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized based on Red mud by a calcination-rehydration method, and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The flame-retardant properties of EVA/LDHs (EVA, ethylene-vinyl acetate) composites were studied via cone calorimeter test (CCT), smoke density test (SDT), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CCTs data indicate that heat release rates (HRR) of EVA/LDHs composites decrease in comparison with that of EVA, EVA/Red mud, EVA/ATH and EVA/MH composites. The SDT results show that LDHs is helpful to smoke suppression. The TGA show that LDHs-containing EVA2 has higher thermal stability at high temperatures than the other samples.

scholarly journals Preparation of LDHs Based on Bittern and Its Flame Retardant Properties in EVA/LDHs Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Long Li ◽  
Yi Qian ◽  
Peng Qiao ◽  
Haoyue Han ◽  
Haiming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Bittern, as a byproduct of salt manufacture, is abundant in China. The researches and developments for seawater bittern have mainly focused on the reuse of magnesium, calcium, lithium, and boron. However, the utilization rate is less than 20%. The large amount of unused bittern has become a challenge that attracts much attention in academic and industry areas. In this paper, three kinds of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized from bittern using a coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results showed that the three kinds of LDHs(MgAl-LDHs, MgFe-LDHs and MgAlFe-LDHs) were successfully synthesized. Then, the flame retardant properties and thermal properties of the three LDHs in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/LDHs composites had been tested by cone calorimeter test (CCT), limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density test (SDT), and thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-IR). The CCT results showed that the heat release rate (HRR) of all three kinds of EVA/LDHs composites significantly decreased compared with that of pure EVA, and the EVA/MgAl-LDHs composites had the lowest PHRR value of 222.65 kW/m2. The LOI results showed that EVA/MgAl-LDHs composites had the highest LOI value of 29.8%. The SDT results indicated that MgAl-LDHs were beneficial to smoke suppression. TG-IR results showed that EVA/MgAl-LDHs composites had a better thermal stability.

scholarly journals Improving the flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate composites by incorporating layered double hydroxides based on Bayer red mud

e-Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Qian ◽  
Kangjia Jiang ◽  
Long Li
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Bayer Red Mud ◽  
Double Hydroxides

AbstractNowadays, reducing the hazards of bayer red mud (BRM) is an important research direction in the fields of environmental and safety. In this article, Mg/Al/Fe ternary layered double hydroxides (Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs) were synthesized successfully by a co-precipitation method based on introducing Mg2+ into the BRM suspension. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the decomposition rate of LDHs is higher than that of BRM, which indicates that LDHs can absorb more heat than BRM during the decomposition process. Subsequently, BRM and LDHs were added into the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to investigate its effects on reducing flammability of the composites. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) results demonstrated that 50 wt% LDH-B can make the peak value of HRR (PHRR) decrease from 1694.8 kW/m2 (EVA) to 199.2 kW/m2 (ELDH2). The smoke density test (SDT) results showed that the luminous flux of ELDH2 is nearly 95% at the end of test with a pilot flame, which is much higher than that of EVA and EBRM. The thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) results confirmed that LDHs can improve the thermal stability of composites and reduce the production of some toxic gases. Compared with BRM, the improved flame retardancy of Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs is ascribed to the introduction of Mg2+, which offering an enhanced catalytic carbonization capability, as well as the physical barrier effect of char residue layer catalyzed by the lamellar LDHs

Synthesis of LDHs using red mud and bittern and its influence on the flame retardant properties of EVA/LDHs composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Long Li ◽  
Yi Qian ◽  
Haiming Zhang ◽  
Haoyue Han ◽  
Peng Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Red mud (RM) is one kind of basic solid waste produced from aluminum industry. RM is usually stored by the method of land stockpiling, which has caused serious environmental and safety issues. Bittern, a by-product of salt manufacture, is abundant in China. But the utilization rate is low, less than 20%. The disposal of waste bittern has become a challenge that attracts much attention in water industry. In this article, Mg/Al/Fe layered double hydroxides (Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs) were synthesized using the above two wastes by a coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD results showed that LDHs were successfully synthesized. Then, the flame-retardant properties and thermal properties of Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/LDHs composites had been tested by cone calorimeter test (CCT), limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density test (SDT), and thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The CCT results showed that the heat release rate (HRR) of the EVA/LDHs composites significantly decreased in comparison with that of pure EVA, and EVA2 sample showed the lowest peak value of HRR value of 204.59 kW m−2. The LOI results showed that EVA3 had a highest LOI value of 28.3% in all the samples. The SDT test indicated that Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs were beneficial to the smoke suppression performance of EVA composites. TG-IR results showed that EVA/LDHs composites had better thermal stability than EVA.

scholarly journals Basalt Fiber Modified Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Magnesium Hydroxide Composites with Balanced Flame Retardancy and Improved Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2107
Author(s):  
Dongwei Yao ◽  
Guangzhong Yin ◽  
Qingqing Bi ◽  
Xu Yin ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

In this study, we selected basalt fiber (BF) as a functional filler to improve the mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)-based flame retardant materials. Firstly, BF was modified by grafting γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to comprehensively prove the successful modification of the BF surface. Subsequently, the modified BF was introduced into the EVA/magnesium hydroxide (MH) composites by melt blending. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter test, tensile test, and non-notched impact test were utilized to characterize both the flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of the EVA/MH composites. It was found that the mechanical properties were significantly enhanced without reducing the flame retardant properties of the EVA/MH composites. Notably, the surface treatment with silane is a simple and low-cost method for BF surface modification and the pathway designed in this study can be both practical and effective for polymer performance enhancement.

Synergistic flame retardant effect between nano-silicon dioxide and layered double hydroxides in ethylene vinyl acetate composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1295-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Qian ◽  
Shaojie Zhou ◽  
Xilei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Nano Silicon ◽  
Synergistic Flame Retardant ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized by a coprecipitation method. The synergistic flame retardant effect of nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/LDHs composites was studied using limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed that the LOI values of the EVA/LDHs/nano-SiO2 composites were basically higher than that of the EVA/LDHs composite, and the EVA composite with 48% LDHs and 2% nano-SiO2 reached an LOI value of up to 31.2%. The CCT results indicate that the addition of nano-SiO2 greatly reduced the heat release rate, total heat release, mass loss, smoke production rate, total smoke release, and smoke factor. The morphology and structures of residues investigated by SEM gave positive evidence that char layers formed from the EVA/LDHs/nano-SiO2 composites were improved. The TGA data showed that the EVA/LDHs/nano-SiO2 composites show a higher thermal stability than the EVA/LDHs composites.

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