scholarly journals Basalt Fiber Modified Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Magnesium Hydroxide Composites with Balanced Flame Retardancy and Improved Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2107
Author(s):  
Dongwei Yao ◽  
Guangzhong Yin ◽  
Qingqing Bi ◽  
Xu Yin ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

In this study, we selected basalt fiber (BF) as a functional filler to improve the mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)-based flame retardant materials. Firstly, BF was modified by grafting γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to comprehensively prove the successful modification of the BF surface. Subsequently, the modified BF was introduced into the EVA/magnesium hydroxide (MH) composites by melt blending. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter test, tensile test, and non-notched impact test were utilized to characterize both the flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of the EVA/MH composites. It was found that the mechanical properties were significantly enhanced without reducing the flame retardant properties of the EVA/MH composites. Notably, the surface treatment with silane is a simple and low-cost method for BF surface modification and the pathway designed in this study can be both practical and effective for polymer performance enhancement.

Phosphine oxide for reducing flammability of ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
Jiawei Jiang ◽  
Ruifeng Guo ◽  
Haifeng Shen ◽  
Shiya Ran
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Combustion Behaviors

Abstract In this work, a phosphorous-containing flame retardant, phenylphosphonate-based compound (EHPP), is synthesized by alcoholysis and hydrazinolysis of phenylphosphonic dichloride, which is subsequently introduced to ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer to improve its flame retardant performance. The resultant compound was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR. The influence of the EHPP on the combustion behaviors of EVA is studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and cone calorimeter test. The results show that 1 wt% EHPP can reduce peak heat release rate (PHRR) by 40%. Moreover, 2 wt% EHPP can increase LOI from 20.5% to 25.5%. Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) was used to detect the gaseous products of EVA/EHPP to study the gaseous-phase flame retardant mechanism. The EHPP released phosphorus-containing radicals to capture highly active free radicals to improve the flame retardancy of EVA.

scholarly journals Enhanced Flame Retardancy in Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Magnesium Hydroxide/Polycarbosilane Blends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Tiefeng Zhang ◽  
Chunfeng Wang ◽  
Yongliang Wang ◽  
Lijun Qian ◽  
Zhidong Han
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Acetate Copolymer ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

A polymer ceramic precursor material—polycarbosilane (PCS)—was used as a synergistic additive with magnesium hydroxide (MH) in flame-retardant ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites via the melt-blending method. The flame-retardant properties of EVA/MH/PCS were evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and a cone calorimeter (CONE). The results revealed a dramatic synergistic effect between PCS and MH, showing a 114% increase in the LOI value and a 46% decrease in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) with the addition of 2 wt.% PCS to the EVA/MH composite. Further study of the residual char by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that a cohesive and compact char formed due to the ceramization of PCS and close packing of spherical magnesium oxide particles. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (TG–FTIR) and pyrolysis–gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) were applied to investigate the flame-retardant mechanism of EVA/MH/PCS. The synergistic effect between PCS and MH exerted an impact on the thermal degradation products of EVA/MH/PCS, and acetic products were inhibited in the gas phase.

Synthesis of LDHs using red mud and bittern and its influence on the flame retardant properties of EVA/LDHs composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Long Li ◽  
Yi Qian ◽  
Haiming Zhang ◽  
Haoyue Han ◽  
Peng Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Red mud (RM) is one kind of basic solid waste produced from aluminum industry. RM is usually stored by the method of land stockpiling, which has caused serious environmental and safety issues. Bittern, a by-product of salt manufacture, is abundant in China. But the utilization rate is low, less than 20%. The disposal of waste bittern has become a challenge that attracts much attention in water industry. In this article, Mg/Al/Fe layered double hydroxides (Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs) were synthesized using the above two wastes by a coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD results showed that LDHs were successfully synthesized. Then, the flame-retardant properties and thermal properties of Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/LDHs composites had been tested by cone calorimeter test (CCT), limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density test (SDT), and thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The CCT results showed that the heat release rate (HRR) of the EVA/LDHs composites significantly decreased in comparison with that of pure EVA, and EVA2 sample showed the lowest peak value of HRR value of 204.59 kW m−2. The LOI results showed that EVA3 had a highest LOI value of 28.3% in all the samples. The SDT test indicated that Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs were beneficial to the smoke suppression performance of EVA composites. TG-IR results showed that EVA/LDHs composites had better thermal stability than EVA.

scholarly journals Preparation of LDHs Based on Bittern and Its Flame Retardant Properties in EVA/LDHs Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Long Li ◽  
Yi Qian ◽  
Peng Qiao ◽  
Haoyue Han ◽  
Haiming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Bittern, as a byproduct of salt manufacture, is abundant in China. The researches and developments for seawater bittern have mainly focused on the reuse of magnesium, calcium, lithium, and boron. However, the utilization rate is less than 20%. The large amount of unused bittern has become a challenge that attracts much attention in academic and industry areas. In this paper, three kinds of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized from bittern using a coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results showed that the three kinds of LDHs(MgAl-LDHs, MgFe-LDHs and MgAlFe-LDHs) were successfully synthesized. Then, the flame retardant properties and thermal properties of the three LDHs in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/LDHs composites had been tested by cone calorimeter test (CCT), limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density test (SDT), and thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-IR). The CCT results showed that the heat release rate (HRR) of all three kinds of EVA/LDHs composites significantly decreased compared with that of pure EVA, and the EVA/MgAl-LDHs composites had the lowest PHRR value of 222.65 kW/m2. The LOI results showed that EVA/MgAl-LDHs composites had the highest LOI value of 29.8%. The SDT results indicated that MgAl-LDHs were beneficial to smoke suppression. TG-IR results showed that EVA/MgAl-LDHs composites had a better thermal stability.

Flame-Retardant Properties of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Layered Double Hydroxides Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Chui Xuan Jia ◽  
Yi Qian ◽  
Xi Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Mg-Al-Fe ternary layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized based on Red mud by a calcination-rehydration method, and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The flame-retardant properties of EVA/LDHs (EVA, ethylene-vinyl acetate) composites were studied via cone calorimeter test (CCT), smoke density test (SDT), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CCTs data indicate that heat release rates (HRR) of EVA/LDHs composites decrease in comparison with that of EVA, EVA/Red mud, EVA/ATH and EVA/MH composites. The SDT results show that LDHs is helpful to smoke suppression. The TGA show that LDHs-containing EVA2 has higher thermal stability at high temperatures than the other samples.

Studies on the flame retardant, mechanical and thermal properties of ternary magnesium hydroxide/clay/EVA nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ahamad ◽  
C. B. Patil ◽  
P. P. Mahulikar ◽  
D. G. Hundiwale ◽  
V. V. Gite
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending of EVA with nano-sized magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and modified montmorilonite clay. Nano Mg(OH)2 was synthesized in the laboratory by matrix-mediated growth and controlled technique. Particle size of Mg(OH)2 crystals was performed using X-ray diffraction technique and was found to be in nanometer range. Ternary EVA, clay and Mg(OH)2 nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending using Brabender Plastograph EC. The prepared samples were characterized by flame test, tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Morphological study of the composites was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Flame retardant properties of samples were significantly improved in the EVA/clay/Mg(OH)2 nanocomposites without losing its mechanical properties. Ternary system showed better thermal, flame retardant and mechanical properties compared with nanocomposites of EVA filled only with the nano Mg(OH)2.

Flame-retardant properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate/oil sludge/ fumed silica composites

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (67) ◽  
pp. 63091-63098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Qian ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhu ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Xilei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/oil sludge (OS)/fumed silica (SiO2) composites were synthesized using OS containing CaCO3as raw material.

Flammability and mechanical properties of poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) copolymer–containing intumescent flame retardants

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiren Huang ◽  
Jianwei Yang ◽  
Zhengzhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Flame-retardant properties of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and its two microcapsules, APP with a shell of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin (MFAPP) and APP with a shell of epoxy resin (EPAPP), were studied in styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS). The results indicate that APP after the microencapsulation leads to an increase in limiting oxygen index in SBS compared with APP. When dipentaerythritol is incorporated into the SBS composites containing the APP microcapsules, a further improvement in flame retardancy of the composites is observed. The microencapsulation does not result in much improvement of mechanical properties. Moreover, the effect of a compatibilizer (SBS grafted with maleic anhydride) on flame-retardant and mechanical properties of SBS/APP composites was investigated.

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