Mathematical Modeling of the Solid Phase Sintering of Ti and Cu Powders in the Controlled Heating Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 500-503
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Sorokova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Thermal Phenomena

Two-dimensional model of sintering Ti and Cu powders substrate under controlled heating, taking into account the kinetic and thermal phenomena are proposed and studied. The base is ceramic. The system of chemical reactions is written according to the phase diagram of Ti-Cu. The model takes into account that the chemical reactions are slowed layer product. The problem is solved numerically. The temperature distribution and concentration of elements or compounds at different times for different synthesis conditions are determined. It is shown that at any process organization the synthesized material becomes chemically heterogeneous.

Solid Phase Synthesis of Coating on the Base under the Electron Beam Surfacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Sorokova ◽  
A.G. Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Coating Synthesis

Two-dimensional model of the Ti-Ni coating synthesis in condition of the electron-beam treatment is suggested and investigated. The base is iron. The system of chemical reactions is written according to the phase diagram of Ti-Ni.The results of numerical investigation of the model which illustrate the role of the technology parameters in the conversion regimes are represented. Distribution of temperature and elements concentration and compounds in different time moments for different synthesis conditions are constructed. It is shown that at any process organization the synthesized material becomes chemically heterogeneous.

Applications of Water Temperature Models to Water Diversion Open Channels

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2595-2599
Author(s):  
He Fang Jing ◽  
Chun Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Open Channels ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Cold Area

In cold area of China, freezing process usually takes place in diversion open channels in winter, which may cause damage to these channels, the property and even the lives of people along these channels. In order to safely transport water using these channels in winter, it is necessary to study water temperature distribution and icing position in the channels. The water temperature distribution in a typical water diversion open channel in Ningxia of China is simulated by using three water temperature models, i.e. cross-section averaged one dimensional model, depth averaged two dimensional model, and width averaged two dimensional model. The numerical results are compared and analyzed among these models. The simulated results indicate that air temperature, wind speed and flow velocity are three key factors that affect the water temperature distribution and icing positions.

Commitment to pro- versus counter-attitudinal behavior and the dynamics of social representations

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tafani ◽  
Lionel Souchet
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Students Attitudes

This research uses the counter-attitudinal essay paradigm ( Janis & King, 1954 ) to test the effects of social actions on social representations. Thus, students wrote either a pro- or a counter-attitudinal essay on Higher Education. Three forms of counter-attitudinal essays were manipulated countering respectively a) students’ attitudes towards higher education; b) peripheral beliefs or c) central beliefs associated with this representation object. After writing the essay, students expressed their attitudes towards higher education and evaluated different beliefs associated with it. The structural status of these beliefs was also assessed by a “calling into question” test ( Flament, 1994a ). Results show that behavior challenging either an attitude or peripheral beliefs induces a rationalization process, giving rise to minor modifications of the representational field. These modifications are only on the social evaluative dimension of the social representation. On the other hand, when the behavior challenges central beliefs, the same rationalization process induces a cognitive restructuring of the representational field, i.e., a structural change in the representation. These results and their implications for the experimental study of representational dynamics are discussed with regard to the two-dimensional model of social representations ( Moliner, 1994 ) and rationalization theory ( Beauvois & Joule, 1996 ).

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