Preparation of Self-Crosslinking Core-Shell Latex at Ambient Temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 466-469
Author(s):  
Tang Wei Wang ◽  
Song Ya Zhang ◽  
Zhong Xiao Li ◽  
Jia Ling Pu
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
Calculated Average

A reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, 2- (dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)propanoic acid (RAFT-1), was synthesized and characterized. Equimolar doses of acrylic acid (AA) and n-butyl acrylate were successively polymerized in the presence of RAFT-1 to give an amphiphilic macro RAFT agent (RAFT-2), which had a calculated average degree of polymerization of ten. Core-shell poly (butyl acrylate-co-diacetoneacrylamide) latex was prepared by using RAFT-2 as a reactive surfactant. The latex was narrowly distributed and very stable, which had a solid concentration as high as 45 wt.% and an average diameter of about 50 nm, Latex films were prepared with the core-shell emulsion and small amount of cross-linking agent, adipic dihydrazide. Results showed that cross-linking reaction occurred with the evaporation of water. The resulting cross-linked latex film was tough and transparent.

Toughening of an epoxy thermoset with poly[styrene-alt-(maleic acid)]-block-polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) reactive core–shell particles

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. 35621-35627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren He ◽  
Xiaoli Zhan ◽  
Qinghua Zhang ◽  
Fengqiu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
Shell Particles

Reactive core–shell particles for epoxy toughening were synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization mediated by an amphiphilic macro-RAFT agent followed by core-crosslinking to increase stability.

Grafting of n-Butyl Acrylate and N,N'-Dimethyl Acrylamide from Poly(divinylbenzene) Microspheres by RAFT Polymerization

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Joso ◽  
Martina H. Stenzel ◽  
Thomas P. Davis ◽  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik ◽  
Leonie Barner
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
Grafting From ◽  
Particle Weight

N,N´-Dimethyl acrylamide and n-butyl acrylate have been grafted from crosslinked poly(divinylbenzene) core microspheres by both reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and conventional free radical polymerization. The microspheres were prepared by precipitation polymerization utilizing 55 and 80 wt. % divinylbenzene (DVB), respectively. The RAFT agent cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) was utilized and grafting was performed in toluene at 80°C with 2,2´-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as thermal initiator. Particle weights increased up to 6% for poly(n-butyl acrylate) and up to 15% for poly(N,N´-dimethyl acrylamide). Grafting from poly(DVB-55) microspheres results in a higher particle weight increase than grafting from poly(DVB-80) microspheres while using the same RAFT agent concentrations. The particle weight increase is approximately higher by a factor of two. The grafted microspheres were characterized by attenuated total reflection (ATR) IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

The Use of Novel F-RAFT Agents in High Temperature and High Pressure Ethene Polymerization: Can Control be Achieved?

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Busch ◽  
Marion Roth ◽  
Martina H. Stenzel ◽  
Thomas P. Davis ◽  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Weight Distributions ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Weight Distributions ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
Initial Results

Simulations are employed to establish the feasibility of achieving controlled/living ethene polymerizations. Such simulations indicate that reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents carrying a fluorine Z group may be suitable to establish control in high-pressure high-temperature ethene polymerizations. Based on these simulations, specific fluorine (F-RAFT) agents have been designed and tested. The initial results are promising and indicate that it may indeed be possible to achieve molecular weight distributions with a polydispersity being significantly lower than that observed in the conventional free radical process. In our initial trials presented here (using the F-RAFT agent isopropylfluorodithioformate), a correlation between the degree of polymerization and conversion can indeed be observed. Both the lowered polydispersity and the linear correlation between molecular weight and conversion indicate that control may in principle be possible.

Synthesis and characterization of a naphthalimide–dye end-labeled copolymer by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binxin Li ◽  
Daniel Majonis ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Mitchell A. Winnik
Keyword(s):  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Cooh Group ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
End Use ◽  
Naphthalimide Dye

We describe the synthesis of an end-functionalized copolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and N-hydroxysuccinimide methacrylate (NMS) by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. To control the polymer composition, the faster reacting monomer (NMS) was added slowly to the reaction mixture beginning 30 min after initating the polymerization (ca. 16% HPMA conversion). One RAFT agent, based on azocyanopentanoic acid, introduced a –COOH group to the chain at one end. Use of a different RAFT agent containing a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide dye introduced a UV–vis absorbing and fluorescent group at this chain end. The polymers obtained had molecular weights of 30 000 and 20 000, respectively, and contained about 30 mol% NMS active ester groups.

Synthesis of core-shell poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer graft polymerization of styrene

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 5067-5076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Barner ◽  
Chao'En Li ◽  
Xiaojuan Hao ◽  
Martina H. Stenzel ◽  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Reversible Addition

Preparation of core–shell attapulgite particles by redox-initiated surface reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization via a “graft from” approach

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. 14120-14127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haicun Yang ◽  
Sheng Xue ◽  
Ji Pan ◽  
Fanghong Gong ◽  
Hongting Pu
Keyword(s):  
Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Redox Initiation ◽  
Initiation System ◽  
System P ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Chain Transfer Polymerization

Polymethyl methacrylate layer was grown uniformly from attapulgite by using surface-initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization via redox initiation system.

RAFT Graft Polymerization of 2-(Dimethylaminoethyl) Methacrylate onto Cellulose Fibre

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashish Roy ◽  
James T. Guthrie ◽  
Sébastien Perrier
Keyword(s):  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Cellulose Fibre ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Living System ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Time ◽  
Grafted Polymer ◽  
Reversible Addition

Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) was grafted from cellulose by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The use of a free chain transfer agent in solution allowed for a better control over graft ratio, chain length of grafted polymer, monomer conversion, and homopolymer formation in solution. An increase in polymerization time or degree of polymerization led to an increase in graft ratio, as expected from a living system.

Homophase and heterophase polymerizations of butyl acrylate mediated by poly(acrylic acid) as a reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer agent

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Chernikova ◽  
A. V. Plutalova ◽  
K. O. Mineeva ◽  
I. R. Nasimova ◽  
E. Yu. Kozhunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Chain Transfer Agent ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid
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