Modeling and Analysis of End of Life Vehicles Recovery: An Enhanced IDEF0 Methodology (Part II)

The process of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) recovery usually includes pre-treatment, dismantling, shredding, non-ferrous sorting and finally energy recovery or land-filling. Using enhanced IDEF0 method, various models corresponding to different stages of a vehicle’s life cycle were established in this work together with previous work. Based on these models some key issues are identified to help make a better strategy for ELVs recovery so as to meet the increasing rigors requirements by legislatives such as EU directives.

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End-of-Life Tyres: Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Treatment Scenarios

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083599 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3599

Author(s):

Isabella Bianco ◽

Deborah Panepinto ◽

Mariachiara Zanetti

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

End Of Life ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Bituminous Mixtures ◽

Waste Tyres ◽

The Impact

Waste tyres and their accumulation is a global environmental concern; they are not biodegradable, and, globally, an estimated 1.5 billion are generated annually. Every year around 350,000 tons of end-of-life tyres (ELT) are managed in Italy, collected from cars, two-wheeled vehicles, trucks, up to large quarry vehicles and agricultural vehicles. ELTs are collected and sent for material or energy recovery, in line with the circular economy principles. This paper investigates the environmental impacts of two common scenarios of ELT treatments. Specifically, it is analysed the recycling of crumb rubber (CR, deriving from the tyre shredding) for the composition of bituminous mixtures for the wearing course of roads. This scenario is compared with the energy recovery route in a dedicated incinerator. To this aim the standardised methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040-44) is employed. Results shows that for most part of the impact categories analysed, the material recovery presents higher environmental benefits if compared with energy recovery.

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Modeling and Analysis of End of Life Vehicles Recovery: an Enhanced IDEF0 Methodology (Part I)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.2539 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 314-316 ◽

pp. 2539-2542

Author(s):

Yu Wang ◽

Ming Chen ◽

Jun Qing Gao ◽

En Chen

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Information Flow ◽

Point Of View ◽

Modeling And Analysis ◽

Entire Life ◽

Entire Life Cycle ◽

Unified Modeling ◽

Flow Energy ◽

Flow Information ◽

Key Issues

During the entire life cycle of a vehicle, from design, manufacture, usage to final recovery, there exist very complex materials, energy and information flow as well as the interactions among different stages. To better understand this closed loop, it’s important and significant to model the whole loop from a system engineering point of view. This work proposed a unified modeling method based on enhanced IDEF0. By taking materials flow, information flow, energy flow as well as the interactions among processes into account, a holistic hierarchical model for the entire life cycle of vehicles was established in this work, which helps to provide a novel way of understanding the recovery infrastructure, identifying the key issues to be tackled, and further finding the opportunities to improve it.

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A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Recovery from end-of-life Tires and Selected Solid Waste

Energy Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.064 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 257-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vaida Malijonyte ◽

Elina Dace ◽

Francesco Romagnoli ◽

Irina Kliopova ◽

Martins Gedrovics

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Solid Waste ◽

End Of Life ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment

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The Inclusion of End-of-Life Modeling in the Life Cycle Energy Optimization Methodology

Journal of Mechanical Design ◽

10.1115/1.4048447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 143 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Hamza Bouchouireb ◽

Merle-Hendrikje Jank ◽

Ciarán J. O’Reilly ◽

Peter Göransson ◽

Josef-Peter Schöggl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

End Of Life ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Energy Optimization ◽

Optimal Designs ◽

Functional Requirements ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Use Phase ◽

Optimization Methodology ◽

Multiple Recycling

Abstract In this study, an end-of-life (EOL) model is included in the life cycle energy optimization (LCEO) methodology to account for the energy burdens and credits stemming from a vehicle’s EOL processing phase and balance them against the vehicle’s functional requirements and production and use-phase energies. The substitution with a correction factor allocation method is used to model the contribution of recycling to the EOL phase’s energy. The methodology is illustrated through the optimization of the design of a simplified vehicle subsystem. For the latter, multiple recycling scenarios with varying levels of assumed recycling induced material property degradation were built, and their impact on the vehicle subsystem’s optimal solutions was compared to that of scenarios based on landfilling and incineration with energy recovery. The results show that the vehicle subsystem’s optimal designs are significantly dependent on the EOL scenario considered. In particular, the optimal designs associated with the recycling scenarios are on average substantially heavier, and less life cycle energy demanding, than their landfilling or incineration with energy recovery-related counterparts, thus demonstrating how the inclusion of EOL modeling in the LCEO methodology can significantly alter material use patterns, thereby effecting the very mechanisms enabling the embodiment of the resulting life cycle energy optimal designs.

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Life Cycle Assessment of Two Alternative End-of-life Scenarios for Leather Safety Shoes

10.24264/icams-2018.xi.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra LUCA ◽

David SANCHEZ DOMENE ◽

Francisca ARAN AIS

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

End Of Life

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Life cycle assessment of plastic waste end-of-life for India and Indonesia

Resources Conservation and Recycling ◽

10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105774 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 105774

Author(s):

Edward Ren Kai Neo ◽

Gibson Chin Yuan Soo ◽

Daren Zong Loong Tan ◽

Karina Cady ◽

Kai Ting Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

End Of Life ◽

Plastic Waste

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Enabling Reuse in Extended Producer Responsibility Schemes for White Goods: Legal and Organisational Conditions for Connecting Resource Flows and Actors

Circular Economy and Sustainability ◽

10.1007/s43615-021-00053-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carl Dalhammar ◽

Emelie Wihlborg ◽

Leonidas Milios ◽

Jessika Luth Richter ◽

Sahra Svensson-Höglund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

End Of Life ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Large Scale ◽

Empirical Investigation ◽

Extended Producer Responsibility ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Pilot Projects ◽

Waste Hierarchy ◽

Producer Responsibility ◽

White Goods

AbstractExtended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes have proliferated across Europe and other parts of the world in recent years and have contributed to increasing material and energy recovery from waste streams. Currently, EPR schemes do not provide sufficient incentives for moving towards the higher levels of the waste hierarchy, e.g. by reducing the amounts of waste through incentivising the design of products with longer lifespans and by enhancing reuse activities through easier collection and repair of end-of-life products. Nevertheless, several municipalities and regional actors around Europe are increasingly promoting reuse activities through a variety of initiatives. Furthermore, even in the absence of legal drivers, many producer responsibility organisations (PROs), who execute their members’ responsibilities in EPR schemes, are considering promoting reuse and have initiated a number of pilot projects. A product group that has been identified as having high commercial potential for reuse is white goods, but the development of large-scale reuse of white goods seems unlikely unless a series of legal and organisational barriers are effectively addressed. Through an empirical investigation with relevant stakeholders, based on interviews, and the analysis of two case studies of PROs that developed criteria for allowing reusers to access their end-of-life white goods, this contribution presents insights on drivers and barriers for the repair and reuse of white goods in EPR schemes and discusses potential interventions that could facilitate the upscale of reuse activities. Concluding, although the reuse potential for white goods is high, the analysis highlights the currently insufficient policy landscape for incentivising reuse and the need for additional interventions to make reuse feasible as a mainstream enterprise.

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