Study on Records of the Wenchuan MW 8.0 Strong Earthquake in 2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2371-2374
Author(s):  
En Guo ◽  
Xi Yuan Zhou ◽  
Zuo Zhou Zhao ◽  
Hang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Perpendicular Direction ◽  
Classification Analysis ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

There are a large number of acceleration records obtained in the near fault strong motion of Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, which greatly enriched the database of strong motion. By the classification analysis to Sichuan records and comparison with the domestic and international earthquakes analysis, we draw the following conclusions: 1) whether parallel or perpendicular direction, the peaks of soil are greater than rock. With the fault distance increasing, the gap between the two gradually will minish.2) With the increase in the number of peaks obtained, the correlation coefficient of GPGA or LGPA is generally increasing.3) The mean of R is respectively 8.10(rock), 10.31(soil), 10.10(total) in the usual range.4). The average of λ is respectively 0.5862(rock), 0.5707(soil), 0.5722(total), they are between 1/2 and 2/3. The difference is not large.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the New Digital Goldmann Applanation Tonometer for Measuring Intraocular Pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yuta Sakaue ◽  
Jun Ueda ◽  
Masaaki Seki ◽  
Takayuki Tanaka ◽  
Tetsuya Togano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Goldmann Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient

Purpose. To compare a new digital Goldmann applanation tonometer (dGAT) that measures intraocular pressure (IOP) in 0.1 mmHg increments to a standard Goldmann applanation tonometer (sGAT).Methods. This study included 116 eyes of 60 subjects. A single examiner first measured IOP in triplicate using either sGAT or dGAT, which was randomly chosen. After a 5-minute interval, the next set of three consecutive IOP was measured using the other GAT.Results. The mean IOP measured with sGAT was 16.27 ± 6.68 mmHg and 16.35 ± 6.69 mmHg with dGAT. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.998 (P<0.01). The subjects were divided into three groups based on the mean IOP: IOP < 14 mmHg, 14–20 mmHg, or >20 mmHg. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient within each group was 0.935, 0.972, and 0.997 (P<0.01), respectively. The difference within the three consecutive IOP measurements (maximum–minimum) for dGAT (0.72 ± 0.34 mmHg) was significantly smaller than those with sGAT (0.92 ± 0.42 mmHg,P<0.01). Even in patients with equal IOP (zero left-right difference) with sGAT (n=30), dGAT detected IOP differences between the left and right eyes (0.47 ± 0.31 mmHg).Conclusion. Compared to sGAT, dGAT measurements are highly reproducible and less variable.

scholarly journals Relationship between Students’ Achievement in Essay and Practical Tests on Biology in Nsukka Education Zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi I. Adonu ◽  
Ekene H. Obiora
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Essay Tests ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

This study investigated the relationship between students’ achievement in practical and essaytests on biology. Two research questions were formulated- (i) what is the difference in the mean score of students in practical and essay tests in mock biology examinations? (ii) what is the measure of relationship (correlation coefficient) of students’ achievement in practical and essay aspects of biology tests? The research was conducted among public secondary schools in Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State with a sampled population of 560 biology students (321 males and 239 females) from randomly sampled schools from the three local government areas in the zone.The Correlation survey research design was adopted for this study and the instrument of data collection were the results of the 2018 students’ mock practical and theoretical tests on biology from the sampled schools.The data collected were analysed using Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) for research question 1, while the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis was used for research question 2. The findings of the study revealed that a weak positive association existed between the students’ achievementin practical and essay biology tests. So, the achievement in one aspect does not in any way influence the achievement in the other. The study thus recommends that: (1) teachers should have good mastery and evaluation techniques of all components of biology so that students would approach them with equal ability; (2) parents should encourage the students to develop interest and ability in the different components of biology; and (3) government should provide and equip biology laboratories to ensure students’ utilization of same.

Comparative Analysis of Seismic Records of Wenchuan in 2008 and other Domestic and International Earthquakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2375-2378
Author(s):  
En Guo ◽  
Zuo Zhuo Zhao ◽  
Xi Yuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Seismic Records

There are a large number of acceleration records obtained in the near fault strong motion of Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, which greatly enriched the database of strong motion. This article compares seismic records of Wenchuan earthquake with other domestic and international earthquakes, such as response spectrum, multi-peaks average and R. It also discussed a damage reason of fault zones in Wenchuan earthquake.

scholarly journals Long-Term Performance of Aanderaa Optodes and Sea-Bird SBE-43 Dissolved-Oxygen Sensors Bottom Mounted at 32 m in Massachusetts Bay

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1924-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinna Martini ◽  
Bradford Butman ◽  
Michael J. Mickelson
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Massachusetts Bay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Oxygen Measurements

Abstract A field evaluation of two new dissolved-oxygen sensing technologies, the Aanderaa Instruments AS optode model 3830 and the Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., model SBE43, was carried out at about 32-m water depth in western Massachusetts Bay. The optode is an optical sensor that measures fluorescence quenching by oxygen molecules, while the SBE43 is a Clark polarographic membrane sensor. Optodes were continuously deployed on bottom tripod frames by exchanging sensors every 4 months over a 19-month period. A Sea-Bird SBE43 was added during one 4-month deployment. These moored observations compared well with oxygen measurements from profiles collected during monthly shipboard surveys conducted by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. The mean correlation coefficient between the moored measurements and shipboard survey data was &gt;0.9, the mean difference was 0.06 mL L−1, and the standard deviation of the difference was 0.15 mL L−1. The correlation coefficient between the optode and the SBE43 was &gt;0.9 and the mean difference was 0.07 mL L−1. Optode measurements degraded when fouling was severe enough to block oxygen molecules from entering the sensing foil over a significant portion of the sensing window. Drift observed in two optodes beginning at about 225 and 390 days of deployment is attributed to degradation of the sensing foil. Flushing is necessary to equilibrate the Sea-Bird sensor. Power consumption by the SBE43 and required pump was 19.2 mWh per sample, and the optode consumed 0.9 mWh per sample, both within expected values based on manufacturers’ specifications.

scholarly journals SELF-CONCEPT, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF USEFULNESS OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY ACCORDING TO TYPE AND LOCATION OF SCHOOLS

2016 ◽  
pp. 218-233
Author(s):  
Inzahuli Samuel Majere ◽  
Elizabeth Role ◽  
Lazarus Ndiku Makewa
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Type Of School

This study was an attempt to test if students differed in their self-concept, attitude and their perception of the usefulness of Physics and Chemistry in terms of their type of school and location. To test this hypothesis, t-test was used to compare differences in the mean scores in terms of type of school and location. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationships between independent and dependent variable. Four hundred and forty six (446) students constituted the sample. The attitude towards Physics and Chemistry and the perception of the type of school showed there was no significant difference between single-sex and co- educational school. There was no significant difference between single- sex and co- educational school (mixed) students in their self- concept in Physics and Chemistry. There was no significant difference between single- sex and co- educational school (mixed) students in their perception of the usefulness of Physics and Chemistry. Results also show that urban students have better perception of the usefulness of Physics and Chemistry than the rural students. The difference in perception of the usefulness of Chemistry is statistically significant but the difference in perception of the usefulnessofPhysicsisnotstatisticallysignificant. Bothruralandurbanstudentshad positive attitude and self-concept for Physics and Chemistry.

scholarly journals Jack knifing for semivariogram validation

Bragantia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Rosa Vieira ◽  
José Ruy Porto de Carvalho ◽  
Antonio Paz González
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Trend Surface ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Function Fitting ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Distinct Field ◽  
The Ideal

The semivariogram function fitting is the most important aspect of geostatistics and because of this the model chosen must be validated. Jack knifing may be one the most efficient ways for this validation purpose. The objective of this study was to show the use of the jack knifing technique to validate geostatistical hypothesis and semivariogram models. For that purpose, topographical heights data obtained from six distinct field scales and sampling densities were analyzed. Because the topographical data showed very strong trend for all fields as it was verified by the absence of a sill in the experimental semivariograms, the trend was removed with a trend surface fitted by minimum square deviation. Semivariogram models were fitted with different techniques and the results of the jack knifing with them were compared. The jack knifing parameters analyzed were the intercept, slope and correlation coefficient between measured and estimated values, and the mean and variance of the errors calculated by the difference between measured and estimated values, divided by the square root of the estimation variances. The ideal numbers of neighbors used in each estimation was also studied using the jack knifing procedure. The jack knifing results were useful in the judgment of the adequate models fitted independent of the scale and sampling densities. It was concluded that the manual fitted semivariogram models produced better jack knifing parameters because the user has the freedom to choose a better fit in distinct regions of the semivariogram.

scholarly journals Relationship of femoral offset and clinical outcomes of femoral neck fracture patients following bipolar hip arthroplasty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Hyeon Jun Kim ◽  
Seung Yup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Femoral Neck Fracture ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between femoral offset(FO) and clinical outcomes of patients with femoral neck fracture following bipolar hip arthroplasty(BHA). Materials and MethodsThis study recruited 520 patients who underwent BHA for femoral neck fracture from December 2003 to September 2018 with a minimum follow-up of one year. Excluding those with unclear medical records, a previous surgical history on the affected or contralateral hip, a congenital deformity and preoperative trauma history of the hip, high-energy multiple trauma, a history of neurodegenerative disease or cerebrovascular disease, a total of 77 patients were included in the analysis. The subjects were 54 females and 23 males. The mean age of patients was 74.6(65-95) years old and the mean follow-up period was 30.5 (12-136) months. For clinical assessment, postoperative pain visual analogue scale(VAS) and Harris hip score (HHS) were analyzed at each follow-up period. For radiological assessment, the difference in leg length discrepancy (LLD) and FO was measured. FO nearest to the real value was calculated using the values corrected for magnification and rotation errors on the anteroposterior view of plain radiographs taken at the first year of follow-up. In statistical analyses, the statistical significance between FO and clinical outcomes was analyzed using the Pearson correlation tests with SPSS v. 25.0. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe difference in mean FO postoperatively was 6.7(±4.8) mm, and the difference in mean postoperative LLD was 4.9 (±3.4). The mean HHS was 77.1(±7.7), 82.3(±8.6), 83.4(±7.7), and 86.4(±6.7) at 1st , 3rd , 6th and 12th postoperative months, respectively. In the analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the correlation coefficient between FO and HHS in 1-year follow-up was -0.38, and a significant outcome was found (p=0.001). Of HHS domain, the correlation coefficient for function in 1-year follow-up was -0.42, revealing a significant outcome (p=0.0001).ConclusionThere was a stastically significant correlation between clinical oucomes and FO difference at 1 year after BHA in patients with femoral neck fractures older than 65 years.

scholarly journals Positron-Emission Tomography Enhancement after Vocal Fold Injection Medialization

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Nazaneen Grant ◽  
Richard J. Wong ◽  
Dennis H. Kraus ◽  
Heiko Schoder ◽  
Ryan C. Branski
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Vocal Fold Augmentation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The potential for the misinterpretation of positron-emission tomography (PET) scans in the context of a possible malignancy has been confirmed in a case report showing increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake after unilateral vocal fold augmentation medialization. We sought to expand these findings by investigating FDG uptake in a larger cohort of patients via a retrospective chart review. We examined the records of 15 adults—8 men and 7 women—who had undergone vocal fold augmentation for unilateral vocal fold paralysis and at least one subsequent PET scan. The differences in PET standard uptake value (SUV) between the injected and noninjected vocal folds were assessed via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A Spearman rank correlation coef-ficient was then used to estimate the relationship between differences in PET uptake and the length of time between the injection and the follow-up PET scan. The mean SUV of the injected vocal folds was 3.70, and the mean in the noninjected folds was 2.97. The difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.34). In addition, the rank correlation coefficient with regard to the association between the difference in PET uptake and the duration between injection and PET was −0.24, suggesting an inverse relationship. However, the correlation coefficient did not differ significantly from zero (p = 0.34). We conclude that PET uptake after vocal fold augmentation medialization is variable and that it can increase substantially. This information should be considered in the context of the diagnostic accuracy of malignancy on PET.

scholarly journals Relationship of Femoral Offset and Clinical Outcomes of Femoral Neck Fracture Patients Following Bipolar Hip Arthroplasty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Hyeon Jun Kim ◽  
Seung Yup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Femoral Neck Fracture ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the relationship between femoral offset(FO) and clinical outcomes of patients with femoral neck fracture following bipolar hip arthroplasty(BHA). Methods A hospital registry-based retrospective study, involving 520 patients who underwent BHA for femoral neck fracture and with a minimum follow-up of one year, Dong-A university hospital, from December 1, 2003, to September 31, 2018, was carried out. Excluding those with unclear medical records, a previous surgical history on the affected or contralateral hip, a congenital deformity and preoperative trauma history of the hip, high-energy multiple trauma, a history of neurodegenerative disease or cerebrovascular disease, a total of 77 patients were included in the analysis. The subjects were 54 females and 23 males. The mean age of patients was 74.6(65–95) years old and the mean follow-up period was 30.5 (12–136) months. For clinical assessment, postoperative pain visual analogue scale(VAS) and Harris hip score (HHS) were analyzed at each follow-up period. For radiological assessment, the difference in leg length discrepancy (LLD) and FO was measured. FO nearest to the real value was calculated using the values corrected for magnification and rotation errors on the anteroposterior view of plain radiographs taken at the first year of follow-up. In statistical analyses, the statistical significance between FO and clinical outcomes was analyzed using the Pearson correlation tests with SPSS v. 25.0. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The difference in mean FO postoperatively was 6.7(± 4.8) mm, and the difference in mean postoperative LLD was 4.9 (± 3.4). The mean HHS was 77.1(± 7.7), 82.3(± 8.6), 83.4(± 7.7), and 86.4(± 6.7) at 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th postoperative months, respectively. In the analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the correlation coefficient between FO and HHS in 1-year follow-up was − 0.38, and a significant outcome was found (p = 0.001). Of HHS domain, the correlation coefficient for function in 1-year follow-up was − 0.42, revealing a significant outcome (p = 0.0001). Conclusions There was a stastically significant correlation between clinical oucomes and FO difference at 1 year after BHA in patients with femoral neck fractures older than 65 years.

The Effect of Vocabulary Intervention on Text Comprehension: Who Benefits?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawna Duff
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Vocabulary Instruction ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Vocabulary intervention can improve comprehension of texts containing taught words, but it is unclear if all middle school readers get this benefit. This study tests 2 hypotheses about variables that predict response to vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: gains in vocabulary knowledge due to treatment and pretreatment reading comprehension scores. Method Students in Grade 6 ( N = 23) completed a 5-session intervention based on robust vocabulary instruction (RVI). Knowledge of the semantics of taught words was measured pre- and posttreatment. Participants then read 2 matched texts, 1 containing taught words (treated) and 1 not (untreated). Treated texts and taught word lists were counterbalanced across participants. The difference between text comprehension scores in treated and untreated conditions was taken as a measure of the effect of RVI on text comprehension. Results RVI resulted in significant gains in knowledge of taught words ( d RM = 2.26) and text comprehension ( d RM = 0.31). The extent of gains in vocabulary knowledge after vocabulary treatment did not predict the effect of RVI on comprehension of texts. However, untreated reading comprehension scores moderated the effect of the vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: Lower reading comprehension was associated with greater gains in text comprehension. Readers with comprehension scores below the mean experienced large gains in comprehension, but those with average/above average reading comprehension scores did not. Conclusion Vocabulary instruction had a larger effect on text comprehension for readers in Grade 6 who had lower untreated reading comprehension scores. In contrast, the amount that children learned about taught vocabulary did not predict the effect of vocabulary instruction on text comprehension. This has implications for the identification of 6th-grade students who would benefit from classroom instruction or clinical intervention targeting vocabulary knowledge.

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