Influences of Bentonite Modification Methods on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Bentonite

The current study focuses on the artificial modification of natural bentonite using pulping sodium, stacking sodium, extrusion sodium, wheel rolling sodium, and microwave sodium treatments. The effects of these methods on the physical and chemical properties of bentonite are investigated. The results indicate that the wheel rolling sodium treatment, which features the effects of extrusion and kneading, facilitated maximum separation and sodium treatment of Ca2+and Mg2+in the lattice of bentonite. This method produced highly efficient Ca-bentonite with full modification. When the wheel rolling sodium treatment was performed for 60 min, the modified bentonite exhibited a colloid index of 300 mL/3 g, swelling value of 275 mL/2 g, swelling volume of 94 mL/g, and 2 h water absorption of 755%. The modified bentonite has desirable cohesiveness, dilatability, suspension property, dispersibility, and high physical and chemical performances, which are suitable for use as iron ore concentrate pallet and casting bentonite binders.

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Statistical criteria of stellar population types

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053304 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

W. Iwanowska

Keyword(s):

Stellar Population ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Spectrophotometric Study ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Population Type ◽

The Galaxy ◽

Distribution Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Statistical Criteria ◽

And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

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Only one sugar offers you such a variety of important physical and chemical properties

Chemical & Engineering News ◽

10.1021/cen-v037n007.p004 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 4

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

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Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr39sa3.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 31-43

Author(s):

Berta Ratilla ◽

Loreme Cagande ◽

Othello Capuno

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Total N ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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