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Published By Erbil Polytechnic University

2313-5727

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Hiwa S. Khidir ◽  
Saud J. Dizayee ◽  
Sangar H. Ali

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of C-shaped canals configurations in mandibular 2nd molar and to investigate the gender prevalence. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1200 patients’ cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were screened and evaluated by a maxillofacial radiologist assessed the axial, sagittal, and coronal sections. Inclusion criteria applied to 801 patients (452 females and 349 male) aged 14–75 years were included in this study with total of 1567 mandibular 2nd molar was evaluated. Inclusion criteria: Available CBCT images of mandibular posterior teeth with at least one mandibular 2nd molar in the scan, absence of root canal treatment, absence of coronal or post coronal restorations, absence of root resorption or periapical lesions, and high-quality images. Canal configuration was classified by criteria’s which described by Fan et al. (2004): (i) Fused roots, (ii) a longitudinal groove on the buccal or lingual surface of the root, and (iii) at least one cross-section of the canal belongs to the C1, C2, or C3 configuration. Results: Considering 801 patients, 97 (12.1%) patients females 57 (7.1%) and 40 (5%) males had a C-shaped canal with no statistical difference between females and males (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The occurrence of C- shaped canal mandibular 2nd molar is approximately 12.1% and no significant difference was found by gender.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Amer A. Khaleel ◽  
Ruqaya M. Al-Barzinji

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a 116 amino acid peptide with a sequence identical to that of prohormone of calcitonin but devoid of hormonal activity. The aim of this study was to determine PCT and it using as a new prognostic pro-inflammatory marker in burn patients and determine the role of PCT level as a mortality indicator in survival and non-survival burn patients. The burn patients in this study were divided into four groups according to the percentage of total body surface area burned carry out on (50) burn patients admitted to the burn unit in West Erbil Emergency Hospital in Erbil governorate and (20) apparently the healthy non-burn individuals who regarded as healthy control group (HC) in this study from February 2012 to April 2012. Out of 50 burnt patients, 20 patients were second sampled to follow-up their immune profile. Regarding PCT there were significant differences (P < 0.05) observed between the mean serum concentration of PCT belong to 18 burn patients of 1st group (G1) (1.24 ± 0.82), 23 patients of 2nd group (G2) (1.52 ± 0.76), six patients of 3rd group (G3) (2. 16 ± 0.11), and three burn patients of 4th group (G4) (6.5 ± 2.87) with mean serum concentration of 18 HC (0.02 ± 0.006). Significant differences obtained when compared to G3 (2.16 ± 0.11) versus G4 (6.5 ± 2.87) using the F-test and t-test. Results show that PCT is a highly productive laboratory parameter involving an easy and rapid beside test for diagnosis and prognosis mortality in burn patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Shahida R. Hussein ◽  
Bayan A. Hassan

Fixed orthodontic appliances corrupt plaque removal, proper oral hygiene, and gingival health so periodontal evaluation is important to be checked in every appointment. The aim of the present study was to assess gingival health among patients with a fixed orthodontic appliance. A clinical comparative study conducted on 25 patients with an aged ranged from 15 to 25 years. Clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at base line before starting orthodontic treatment and after 1 month of treatment. A double paired t-test was applied to the data collected for statistical analysis. The mean value of PI (1.11), GI (1.155), and BOP (0.600) scores was increased after placement of fixed orthodontic appliance, but with no statistically significant difference with base line for PI (P-value = 0.596), GI (P-value = 0.355), and BOP (P-value = 0.256), respectively. Regarding age group, mean PI (1.46), GI (1.22), and BOP (0.875) were increased with increasing age, patients who age’s ≥20 showed statistical significant difference for gingival and plaque means P-value = 0.006 and P-value = 0.03) for ≥20, respectively. The finding of this study had shown that patients with fixed orthodontic appliances had non-significant increase in the mean value of plaque, gingival, and BOP indices scores. All mean scores were increased with increasing age, but with non-significantly for BOP only.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Holem H. Balaky ◽  
Yaseen Galali ◽  
Eyyüp Karaoğul ◽  
Ertuğrul Altuntaş ◽  
Nabil H. Rasol ◽  
...  

Chili pepper seed (CPS) is rich in nutrients and phytochemical particularly oil which could possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Using novel techniques such as microwave assisted extraction (MAE) with solvents could be useful to extract these materials. The objectives of this study are to develop and evaluate antioxidants (and antibacterial activities of the hot seed pepper oil extracts using both water and ethanol solvents with MAE as novel techniques in relation to its ability to extract antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. Chili pepper seed (CPS) was obtained from the Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. CPS was extracted with water and ethanol and assessed for anti-oxidants activity via assessing total tannin, total phenol, total flavonoid and total anthocyanin and antimicrobial properties via assessing inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration. Both yield extraction and total anthocyanin values extracted with water were 38.4 and 40.075% respectively and are higher significantly (p<0.01) higher than ethanolic extraction. On the other hand,   total tannin, total phenol and total flavonoid values were 0.0575, 1.80700 and 0.26350 μM respectively which were significantly (p<0.01) higher with ethanol extraction. Ethanol had the greater free radical scavenging activity (IC 50 µg/ml) and more close standard butylated hydroxytoluene. Antimicrobial results indicated that water extracts was more effective against Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes up to 24mm inhibition zone but, it is dose dependent. CPS oil extracts could be used as source of antimicrobial and antioxidants compounds with the aid of MAE. Ethanol has better yield and anthocyanin extraction and Free radical, whereas water extraction has effective antimicrobial activity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Yousef A. Sharif ◽  
Saad S. Jasim ◽  
Rafeq A. Khalefa ◽  
Shivan J. Taher

The main objective of this research is to generate the hydrogen gas as a fuel and part of hydroxy gas (HHO) from the drinking water (H2O) using electrolyzing method with a different electrolytes such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and Vinegar in HHO generator for best results, the practical examinations were done by a generator that designed and built for this purpose using plate electrodes, with a rechargeable 12-volt battery and the produced gas was measured at each case and used as a fuel for operating a small single-cylinder spark-ignition engine (Honda G 200) with taking into account the safety precautions. The results show that increasing the ratio of (NaOH) grams/liter of H2O increases the gas production, while the other two electrolytes (Na2CO3 and vinegar) are not effecting too much, and using the mixing procedure (%) of the electrolytes (NaOH with Na2CO3) and (Na2CO3 with Vinegar), it is observed that the HHO generation noticeable increases with increasing the mixing ratio of the first mixture and not too much with the second.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Sardar M. Weli ◽  
Osama H. Shareef ◽  
Syamand A. Qadir

Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is common in pregnant women and more than half of the anemia’s in the world are due to the deficiency of iron in the serum. The aims of this study were to determine the percentage and level of serum iron among iron supplemented pregnant women in different trimesters and in different age groups among supplemented pregnant women in Sulaimani city. This study was carried out in the private clinic in the Sulaimani city-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The pregnant women were participated and enrolled between the first of December 2018 and first of December 2019. Two hundred and seventy-five healthy and iron supplemented pregnant women were selected randomly and the questionnaire form, which contains information about age of mothers and their gestational age, was filled and serum iron level was measured by COBAS C111 analyzer. The results of this study found that the percentage of iron deficiency among participants was high 33%, 45%, and 52.6 % in the first trimester in different age groups <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. However, in the third trimesters decreased to 12.5%, 7.1%, and 3.7% in <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. Regarding serum iron levels, the present study found that there were significant differences between ages 25 and 35 with age <25 years. However, there was no significant difference between first, second, and third trimesters. This study concludes that the percentage of iron deficiency among supplemented pregnant women was high compared to other cities or other countries. Pregnant women who their ages <25 are at risk of serum iron deficiency. On the other hand, pregnancy trimesters had no effects on the serum iron level among supplemented pregnant women.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Huda R. Mahdi Alawsi ◽  
Bayan A. Hassan ◽  
Shaho Z. Jamil Al-Talabani

Background: Parafunctional habit has been associated in the literature with alterations of dental occlusion; it could be a predisposing factor for malocclusion. This cross-sectional study is aimed to assess the prevalence of parafunctional habits and its relation to parent’s education. Subjects and Methods: Convenience sample of 500 children aged between 4 and 6 years of both gender 262 boys and 238 girls receiving their medical care in primary health-care centers and in Raparin Pediatric Hospital of Erbil city to study parafunctional habits and its relation to parents education. Results: Mouth breathing and nail biting were more prevalent habits in the included children than lip sucking and bruxism. The former habits prevalence showed no significant differences in children whose their parents education background are different (high, middle, or low education). Conclusion: Mouth breathing and nail biting were highly prevalent habits among preschool children in Erbil city. No significant association was found between the prevalence of bad oral habits and parents education.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Sara I. Othman ◽  
Fouad H. Kamel

Mentha spicata (M. spicata) is within family Lamiaceae that spreads mainly in the temperate and subtemperate zones of the world. It is considered as a good source of essential oils (EOs), which is widely used in food production and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of the current study is to evaluate antibacterial activities associated with the EO of M. spicata cultivated in Iraq-Erbil city. The aerial parts of M. spicata were subjected to hydro distillation to extract the oil. Antimicrobial potential was tested against many microorganisms, signifying Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. EO of M. spicata demonstrated antimicrobial activities with best susceptibility observed for Gram-negative bacteria toward the oil. The results suggest that EO of M. spicata may have potential value as antibacterial activities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Zuber I. Hassan

Giardia lamblia is the intestinal, flagellated protozoan parasite. It should make a species complex and comprises eight assemblages (A-H). In the current study, out of 153 examined samples, 16 (10.46%) and 36 (23.53%) specimens were positive by concentration and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for giardiasis, respectively. The highest rate of infection was found in a rural area (14.38%) than in urban areas (9.15%). As well as, the infection rate in males (25/153) was higher compared to that of female dogs (11/153). Regarding fecal consistency, the highest rate (18.3%) of giardiasis was observed in diarrheic dogs, while the lowest rate of giardiasis (5.23%) was observed among non-diarrheic dogs. The PCR products were sequenced for 20 samples and further examined by sequence analysis, 16 isolates under the accession number (MN629930), independent of the host, exhibited G. lamblia GenBank ID: M36728, while in four samples under the accession number (MN629931), nucleotide substitutions generate polymorphism at position 542 and 561 (C → T) and (A → G) at position 684. The similarity between MN629931 and AY072723 genotype A2 was 99.9% which was one nucleotide substitution at position 542 (C → T). The sequencing of the PCR products recognized two assemblages in dogs suggested the possible role of dogs as the reservoir for human giardiasis in Erbil Province which is the first records in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Anjam H. Abdalla ◽  
Anoosh B. Hagop ◽  
Dina A. Boya

The oral drug delivery is the most generally used route of administration that has been explored for the delivery of drugs through various pharmaceutical products. Solubility of drug plays critical role in achieving the optimum therapeutic levels of the drug in blood and thus bioavailability. There are many drugs of various therapeutic categories fall in Biopharmaceutics Classification System Classes II and IV as they lack solubility. For all these drugs, dissolution is the big issue for the absorption process. Valsartan is an effective antihypertensive agent and it can be used for the treatment of hypertension in most cases. The objective of this study is to prepare Valsartan as an oral sachet which can be used as an alternative dosage form after improvement of drug solubility using solubilizing agents such as sodium lauryl sulfate and tween 80. Three different formulas of Valsartan sachet were prepared by conventional technique of wet granulation method named conventional formula (Fc), sodium lauryl sulfate formula (Fs), and tween 80 formula (Ft) then compared with the available marketed product of Valsartan tablet (Fd) as a reference. The preformulations studies were conducted to exclude drug excipients interaction. Evaluation was performed in terms of weight variation, dose content uniformity, and drug release study using dissolution test apparatus. Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy reveals no drug excipient interaction and the drug release profile for Fs and Ft formulas within 30 min was 100.16% and 104.16%, respectively, while for Fc only 57.55% of the drug was released. This difference in the release profile was statistically significant (P < 0.05) between Fs and Ft with Fc, but a non- significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between Fs and Ft with the marketed Valsartan tablet (Fd). The results support the possibility of using the prepared formulas Fs and Ft as a Valsartan sachet for the oral administration alternative to conventional Valsartan tablets Fd.


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