The Control Strategy of Regenerative Braking of Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 1123-1128
Author(s):  
Wen Kai Xu ◽  
Hong Yu Zheng ◽  
Zong Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Fixed Proportion ◽  
Four Wheel Drive ◽  
Parallel Distribution ◽  
Inherent Advantage

Electric vehicles with four in-wheel motors have its inherent advantage to recover energy because all of its four in-wheel motors can generate electricity energy when braking. For the purpose of study the property of regenerative braking of four-wheel-drive electric vehicles, three traditional distribution strategies of traditional vehicles are adjusted based on the property of in-wheel-motor. A simulation model is established by using Matlab/Simulink and CarSim software, and the simulation is made based on UDDS and 1015 driving cycles. The simulation result shows that, the parallel distribution strategy has the highest regenerative efficiency and regenerative efficiencies of fixed proportion distribution strategy and ideal distribution strategy are almost the same.

Torque Distribution Strategy for Multi-PMSM Applications and Optimal Acceleration Control for Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyou Song ◽  
Heath Hofmann ◽  
Jianqiu Li ◽  
Yuanying Wang ◽  
Dongbin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Abstract In this paper, a general torque distribution strategy is proposed to improve the drivetrain efficiency of four-wheel-drive electric vehicles (EVs). The strategy allows the same or different motors to be equipped in the front and rear wheels. The model of the drivetrain considers the loss properties of four permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and four inverters over a wide range of torque and speed. The relationship between the drivetrain efficiency and the torque split ratio at any given speed is proven to be convex under both traction and regenerative braking conditions. It is shown that, when all four motors are identical, the maximum efficiency can be achieved if the total torque is equally shared. An equivalent loss strategy, which is a general method and can solve many optimization problems of multi-PMSM applications, is proposed to maximize the drivetrain efficiency when different PMSMs are used in the front and rear wheels. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified using an urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS). In addition, the acceleration process of EVs is optimized using a dynamic programming approach to minimize acceleration duration and energy consumption. Simulation results show that, with the proposed strategy, the energy loss during the acceleration can be reduced by up to 15%.

Analyses of the Relations Between Driving Types and Regenerative Braking in Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 896-900
Author(s):  
Jin Long Liu ◽  
Zhi Wei Gao ◽  
Jing Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

The relations between Electric Vehicle (EV) drive arrangement and efficiency of regenerative braking were discussed. Firstly, conclusions were concluded according to the analyses of theoretical models. And then the validity of conclusions was proved by the simulations basing on the software of MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results indicate that the EV with four-wheel drive (4WD) pattern has the highest efficiency in regenerative braking mode. It also shows that whether the EV with front-wheel drive (FWD) pattern has higher efficiency than the EV with rear-wheel drive (RWD) pattern in regenerative braking mode depends on the braking force distribution coefficient.

scholarly journals A Fast and Parametric Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Wheel-Drive Energy-Efficient Electric Vehicles

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 4367-4376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash M. Dizqah ◽  
Basilio Lenzo ◽  
Aldo Sorniotti ◽  
Patrick Gruber ◽  
Saber Fallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

scholarly journals Lateral Stability Control of Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle Based on Coordinated Control of Torque Distribution and ESP Differential Braking

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Liqing Chen ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Juanjuan Yang ◽  
Yu Song
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

This research focuses on four-wheel-drive electric vehicles. On the basis of the hierarchical coordinated control strategy, the coordinated control system of driving force distribution regulation and differential braking regulation was designed to increase the electric vehicles steering stability under special road working conditions. A seven-degree-of-freedom model of an electric vehicle was established in MATLAB/Simulink, and then a hierarchical coordination control model of the Electronic stability program and dynamic torque distribution control system was established. Adaptive fuzzy control was applied to ESP and, based on the neural network PID control, a torque distribution control system was designed. On the basis of the proposed coordinated control model, a performance simulation and a hardware-in-the-loop test of the control system under the typical working condition of single line shift were carried out. From the final results, it can be seen that the proposed control strategy can greatly improve the safety of the vehicle after serious side slip, increase the stability of the whole vehicle, and effectively increase the vehicle lateral stability.

scholarly journals Research on a 20-Slot/22-Pole Five-Phase Fault-Tolerant PMSM Used for Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1265-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Sui ◽  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive
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