Research on the Antifouling Mechanisms of Copper and its Alloys

In this paper, the in-situ exposure tests of 15 kinds of copper and its alloys were carried out in seawater at Zhanjiang Harbor for 12 months in order to study their anti-fouling abilities and anti-corrosion properties. In the same way, the in-situ anti-fouling tests of copper and bronze were performed in Qingdao for 8 years. Successively, the anti-fouling properties were analyzed combining with the electrochemical process of copper alloy corrosion and biology process of the adhesion. The chemical, physical and biological factors influencing the fouling properties of copper alloys were also investigated. The results showed that the coppers can equip themselves with antifouling performance by producing some toxic substances during the processes of chemical and electrochemical reaction. In addition, the antifouling ability was proved to relate to the exfoliation effect, which was the result of interaction between stain layer adhesion and spalling force of the attachments.

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Effect of in situ tempering on the mechanical, microstructural and corrosion properties of 316L stainless steel laser-cladded coating on mild steel

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽

10.1007/s00170-021-07886-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rizwan Abdul Rahman Rashid ◽

Muhammed Awais Javed ◽

Cameron Barr ◽

Suresh Palanisamy ◽

Neil Matthews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Mild Steel ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Corrosion Properties

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STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN BACTERIAL CULTURES ON THE MOVEMENT OF THE INTESTINES

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.43.6.785 ◽

1926 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 785-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. E. Ecker ◽

A. Rademaekers

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Injection ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Propulsive Efficiency ◽

Spasmodic Contraction ◽

Strong Stimulation ◽

Small Intestines ◽

Slight Rise ◽

Longitudinal Muscles ◽

Stimulation Of

Following intravenous injection, filtrates of young cultures of B. paratyphosus B often produce marked diarrhea in rabbits. A study was made of the effect of these toxic filtrates on the motility of the small intestines of the rabbit. The observations were made on a segment of the small intestines in situ, and in the living animal. It was found that an immediate slight rise of tone of the longitudinal muscles occurred following intravenous injection of sterile broth. The same rise was noted after the injection of the toxic filtrate; but with these it was followed later (10 minutes elapsing at least) by a very strong but gradual rise of the diastolic and systolic tone, i.e., by spasmodic contraction of the intestinal muscle, which persisted at times for as long as 2 hours. In order to record simultaneously the effect on the longitudinal and circular muscles, and the propulsive efficiency of the segment the Sollmann and Rademaekers modification of Baur's technique was employed. This arrangement showed that the stimulation of the longitudinal muscles is accompanied by a similarly strong stimulation of the circular muscles, by peristalsis, and therefore by a greatly increased propulsion of intestinal contents which was sufficient to overcome the inhibition that usually occurs after preparation of the animal. With this arrangement an instance of peristaltic spasm was also noted. Broth alone failed to produce the phenomenon. Isotonic magnesium chloride or sulfate added to the bath relaxed the muscles again. Animals under deep urethane anesthesia did not show the diarrhea occurring in the intact controls, but sometimes exhibited it after the effect of the anesthetic had disappeared. So far no effects have been observed on the isolated strip (Magnus method), and further studies are being made to localize the effect, to neutralize it with a specific antiserum, and to observe the effect of filtrates of other members of the bacterial group including the dysentery bacilli.

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