Thermoplastic Natural Rubber of Co-Polyamide: Effect of Blend Ratios on Mechanical, Swelling, Dynamic and Morphological Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Boripat Sripornsawat ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman ◽  
Charoen Nakason
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Degree Of Swelling ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽  
Blend Ratios

Maleated natural rubber (MNR) was synthesized and formulated to prepare thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) by blending with co-polyamide (COPA). It was found that 100% modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and degree of swelling increased with increasing proportion of COPA. However, degree of swelling and tension set value decreased which reflects enhancing of rubber elasticity. Dynamic properties were also determined by a rotor less oscillating shear rheometer (Rheo Tech MDpt). It was found that increasing proportion of MNR caused increasing of storage modulus and complex viscosity but decreasing tan δ value. Morphological properties were also determined by SEM technique. It was found that the MNR/COPA simple blends with the proportion of rubber 40, 50 and 60 wt% exhibited the co-continuous phase structures.

Influence of Blend Proportions on Properties of ENR-25/TPU Simple Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Skulrat Pichaiyut ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee ◽  
Norbert Vennemann ◽  
Claudia Kummerlöwe
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Soft Segments ◽  
Lower Elongation ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber

Thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) based on blending of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and epoxidized natural rubber with 25 mol % epoxide (ENR-25) was prepared by simple blend technique. Influence of various blend proportions was investigated. It was found that an incorporation of rubber caused decreasing of mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness. This is attributed to incorporation of rubber phase may cause chain restriction of the soft segments in TPU and hence lower elongation at break and tensile strength. It was also found that the tension set value decreased with increasing proportion of natural rubber which indicates greater elasticity or tendency to recover to the original shape after prolonged deformation. Additionally, shear stress and shear viscosity of the blends increased with increasing rubber proportions due to higher viscosity of the ENR-25 component which leads to higher force to compress the polymer melt flowing through a capillary channel. Morphological properties of the simple blend with various blend proportions exhibited formation of co-continuous phase structure was observed where larger rubber formation are observed in the blend with higher content of ENR-25 phase.

Changes in Mixing Torque, Mechanical and Dynamic Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Copolyester Blends as Affected by Epoxidized Natural Rubber Contents

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Densak Kaewkabpet ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman ◽  
Anoma Thitithammawong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
High Elongation ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽  
Low Tension ◽  
Internal Mixer

Thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) based on epoxidized natural rubber with 30 %mol epoxide (ENR-30) and copolyester (COPE) blends was prepared in a molten state by using roller rotor internal mixer. Effect of various ENR contents on mixing torque together with mechanical and dynamic properties of the ENR-30/COPE blends was investigated. It was found that the mixing torque and complex viscosity increased with increasing contents of the ENR in the blends. This was due to higher polarity the ENR molecules caused interaction and entanglement of the ENR molecular chains with higher viscosity. Furthermore, improvement of elastomeric properties of the ENR-30/COPE blends was clearly observed, especially in the blends with higher proportion of the ENR. These improved elastomeric properties with high elongation at break, low tension set and high storage modulus together with low tan δ. This observation correlated to higher elastic component in the blend caused promoting higher elastic response in combination with increasing of interaction between the ENR and the COPE phases.

Effect of NR/ABS Ratio on Mechanical, Dynamical and Morphological Properties of Vulcanized NR/ABS Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinyo Wongthong ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Qin Min Pan ◽  
Garry L. Rempel ◽  
Suda Kiatkamjornwong
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Blend Ratios ◽  
Internal Mixer

Dynamically vulcanized NR/ABS blends by phenolic curing were carried out using an internal mixer at 180 °C. The effect of NR/ABS ratio (i.e., 50/50, 60/40, 70/30) on mechanical, dynamical and morphological properties was investigated. It was found that the tensile strength and hardness increased with an increase in ABS loading whilst the elongation at break decreased, indicating that the strength and hardness attributed to thermoplastic component whereas the elasticity of the blends contributed to the vulcanized NR. The results showed that the 60/40 NR/ABS blend provided the well-balanced mechanical properties. The storage modulus of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) increased with increasing contents of rubber. This is due to that a higher content of vulcanized NR domain was dispersed in the ABS matrix. The results agreed well with the tan δ and complex viscosity of the TPV at various blend ratios. SEM micrographs of 60/40 NR/ABS blend showed that vulcanized rubber domains were dispersed in a continuous ABS phase and it contributed to greater interfacial adhesion between the two phases and thus provided superior properties.

Compatibilization of NR/EVA blends by natural rubber grafted poly(dimethyl(methacryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate) compatibilizer

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Punyanich. Intharapat ◽  
Daniel Derouet ◽  
Frédéric Gohier ◽  
Charoen Nakason
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Loading Level

AbstractGraft copolymer of natural rubber (NR) and poly(dimethyl (methacryloyloxymethyl) phosphonate (PDMMMP) (i.e., NR-g-PDMMMP) was prepared and used as a blend compatibilizer in 50/50 NR/EVA simple blends. Influence of various loading levels of NR-g-PDMMMP (i.e., 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 15 wt% of NR) on rheological, dynamic, mechanical and morphological properties was investigated. The results showed that the best compatibilization effect was observed in the blend with a loading level of NR-g-PDMMMP at 7 wt%. That is, the highest complex viscosity, tensile strength, elongation at break as well as the lowest values of tension set and tan δ value (i.e., damping factor) were observed. This indicates the highest mechanical strength and the supreme elastic response of the material. Morphological properties of 50/50 NR/EVA blends with any loading levels of NR-g-PDMMMP compatibilizer showed co-continuous phase system. However, in the NR/EVA blend with NR-g-PDMMMP at a loading level of 7 wt%, the finest phase morphology was observed. The 50/50 NR/EVA blend with lower and higher loading amounts of NR-g-PDMMMP compatibilizer exhibited inferior dynamic, mechanical properties as well as larger phase morphologies.

Properties of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR): Influence of Polypropylene Grades on TPNR Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanida Manleh ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Natinee Lopattananon ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
Vulcanization Process

Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) based on natural rubber (NR) and polypropylene (PP) blends were successfully prepared through a dynamic vulcanization process using Brabender Plastograph EC Plus with a rotor speed of 60 rpm at 180°C. Sulfur vulcanization system was used to cure rubber phase in the TPVs. Three grades of PP (i.e., PP700J, HP553R and HP544T) were used to blend with NR at a fixed blend ratio of NR/PP = 60/40. The mechanical properties, crosslink density, complex viscosity and morphological properties of the blends were examined. The results revealed that the dynamically cured NR/PP700J samples showed the best mechanical properties because of higher crosslink density and smaller rubber particle size when compared with those of the blends combined with HP553R and HP544T. Furthermore, the complex viscosity of the TPVs was highest for the blends with PP700J.

Dynamically Cured Co-Polyester/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends: Influence of Epoxide Contents

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Krisna Sasdipan ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman ◽  
Norbert Vennemann ◽  
Charoen Nakason
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rubber Phase ◽  
Tan Δ

Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on co-polyester and epoxidized natural rubber blends with various epoxide contents (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mol% epoxide) were prepared. It was found that storage modulus and complex viscosity increased with increasing epoxide contents while tan δ decreased. Furthermore, increasing of glass transition temperature (Tg) of the rubber phase in the blend was observed with increasing epoxide content. Also, the tensile strength and elongation at break before and after aging increased with increasing epoxide content. Moreover, it was found that the epoxide content did not pragmatically effect on decomposition temperature (Td) of the blends, but it caused decreasing in decompositionrate of the blends.

Effect of N-Phenyl-p-Phenylenediamine Modified Vegetable Oils on Properties of ENR/PP Thermoplastic Vulcanizates: A Comparative Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chesidi Hayichelaeh ◽  
Watcharawoot Wangwon ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Anoma Thitithammawong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Tan Δ

This research focuses on feasibility study of using n-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine modified vegetable oils as processing oil in the blend formulation of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) /polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Effect of n-phenyl-p-phenylene-diamine modified vegetable oils on tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of the ENR/PP TPVs was investigated. For a comparison purpose, vegetable oils, epoxidized vegetable oils, and white oil were selected and also used in our experiment. Results show that all types of oils used in this study did not give the TPVs with significantly different values of tensile strength. The TPVs with petrochemical based white oil obviously provided the best elongation at break and tension set. However, by using n-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine modified palm oil (pA-m-EPO) the ENR/PP TPVs showed superior elastomeric properties (higher storage modulus together with lower tension set, tan δ and complex viscosity) than those of other TPVs. This means that the pA-m-EPO performed good compatibility with the TPV and had good distribution in the ENR molecules.

Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Based on Blending of Co-Polyester: Effect of Amount of Epoxide Groups in Epoxidized Natural Rubber on Preperties

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisna Sasdipan ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman ◽  
Charoen Nakason
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber

TPNRs based on blending of co-polyester (i.e., PBT/PC) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with various epoxide content (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mol% epoxide) were prepared by dynamic vulcanization. It was found that the co-polyester/ENR blends gave better properties (i.e., mechanical, dynamic mechanical, morphological and oil resistant properties) than that of co-polyester/unmodified NR blend. It was also found that co-polyester/ENR with 50 mol% epoxide exhibited the highest tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100% elongation, hardness, storage modulus, complex viscosity and oil resistant properties but showed the lowest tension set value. This indicates the highest elasticity. Moreover, it was found that size of vulcanized rubber domains dispersed in thermoplastic matrix decreased with increasing the epoxide content in ENR molecules.

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