Characterization of Free and Bound PBDEs in Sewage Sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) of Shanghai

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1993-1996
Author(s):  
Li Zao Liu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Jing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Farmland Soils ◽  
Sludge Application

In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, and free and bound PBDEs were extracted in different ways. The concentrations of free and bound PBDEs were in the range of 111.69 to 13119.59 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 4.30 to 60.17 ng/g dw, respectively. BDE209 were the dominate congener and the concentrations of free and bound BDE209 ranged from 89.64 to 12424.84 ng/g dw and 0.85 to 44.00 ng/g dw, respectively. The concentrations of bound PBDEs were quite stable, indicating bound PBDEs werent high related with the input of total PBDEs. The fractions of bound PBDE congeners increased with the numbers of Br atoms, which suggested that PBDE congeners with low molecular weights were more prone to desorb from micro-pores of organic matters in sewage sludge. The fractions of bound PBDEs in total PBDEs were in the range of 0.16 to 22.73%, suggesting bound PBDEs played an important role in farmland soils after sludge application.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge as a biomass energy source

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kolat ◽  
Zdeněk Kadlec
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants

The major part of the dry matter content of sewage sludge consists of nontoxic organic compounds, in general a combination of primary sludge and secondary microbiological sludge. The sludge also contains a substantive amount of inorganic material and a small amount of toxic components. There are many sludge-management options in which production of energy is one of the key treatment steps. The most important options are anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, incineration in combination with energy recovery and co-incineration in coal-fired power plants. The goal of our applied research is to verify, if the sludge from waste water treatment plants may be used as a biomass energy source in respect of the EU legislation, which would comply with emission limits or the proposal of energy process optimizing the preparation of coal/sludge mixture for combustion in the existing fluid bed boilers in the Czech Republic. The paper discusses the questions of thermal usage of mechanically drained stabilized sewage sludge from the waste water treatment plants in the boiler with circulated fluid layer. The paper describes methods of thermal analysis of coal, sewage sludge and its mixtures, mud transport to the circulating fluidised bed boiler, effects on efficiency, operational reliability of the combustion equipment, emissions and solid combustion residues.

The Experience and the Results of Operating Small Wastewater Treatment Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Mitja Rismal
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Rotating Discs ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

About 15 years of experience gained from operating 7 small waste water treatment plants between 150-500 p.e. and 6 plants of 2000-3000 p.e. capacity are described. All of the plants involved are low-loaded activated sludge plants with water jet aeration generated by screw or propeller pumps which both proved to be efficient in aeration while secure and simple in operation. In comparison with other types of small treatment plants in our country (rotating discs and bubble aeration activated sludge plants), they proved to be reliable and simple in operation and produce an effluent of good quality. The energy consumption and the necessary flow velocites in aeration tanks are computed and measured.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL EXERGY ANALYSIS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. H. Mora ◽  
S. De Oliveira Jr
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

This work evaluates the environmental impact of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) based on data generated by the exergy analysis, calculating and applying environmental impact indexes for two WTP located in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. The environmental impact of the waste water treatment plants was done by means of evaluating two environmental impact exergy based indexes: the environmental exergy efficiency (ηenv,exerg) and the total pollution rate (Rpol,t). The environmental exergy efficiency is defined as the ratio of the exergy of the useful effect of the WTP to the total exergy consumed by human and natural resources, including all the exergy inputs. That relation is an indication of the theoretical potential of future improvements of the process. Besides the environmental exergy efficiency, it is also used the total pollution rate, based on the definition done by Makarytchev (1997), as the ratio of the destroyed exergy associated to the process wastes to the exergy of the useful effect of the process. The analysis of the results shows that this method can be used to quantify and also optimise the environmental performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants.

scholarly journals PCB congeners occurrence in sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants in Romania

2019 ◽  
pp. 310-317
Author(s):  
Alina Tatarus ◽  
Diana Puiu ◽  
Roxana Scutariu ◽  
Marius Simion ◽  
Marcela Antoaneta Niculescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants

Sewage sludges originating from waste water treatment plants (WWTP) act as a sink for various contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The fate of organochlorine compounds in sewage sludge is shaped by their physical-chemical properties and by environmental conditions. The high persistence of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in sewage sludge is given by an extremely reduced degradation rate which varies from months to years (the half-life of PCB 28 is 10.9 years, and PCB 52, 11.2 years). Due to their increased hydrophobicity, these carcinogenic compounds can be easily uptake by plants and transferred to the food chain. The present study investigated the occurrence of these seven PCB congeners in sewage sludge sampled from municipal waste water treatment plants from different geographical areas in Romania for a two-year period (2018 and 2019). For the analyzed PCB congeners a database was created concerning their occurrence levels in sewage sludge from these WWTPs. A total number of 62 sewage sludge samples were collected from different WWTPs between 2018-2019 and analyzed for PCB congener content using a validated GC-ECD method according to SR EN 16167/2013. In all the samples that were analyzed in this study the sum of PCB congeners was situated below the maximum allowable concentration (MAC = 0.8 mg/kg d.w.) stated by the Order 708/2004.

Composting of Sewage Sludge of Moscow Waste Water Treatment Plants Using Recycling Filler

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Danilovich ◽  
M.N. Kozlov ◽  
V.I. Sklyar ◽  
Yu.A. Nikolaev ◽  
N.M. Shchegolkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants ◽  
The City

This work demonstrates a possibility of composting of municipal waste waters sludge (WWS) digested during 5-7 days, of the Kuryanovo waste water treatment plants (the city of Moscow) without the use of traditional organic additives – sawdust, peat, thatch. As a recycling filler (repeatedly used), enhancing the porosity of the composted mixture, ribbed polyethylene spheres (∅=8 cm) and wood chips (having dimension of 5-10 cm) were used. Composting was performed efficiently in both cases, however, the use of wood ships had technological and economical advantages. The process of composting was carried out during 2-4 weeks and was composed of classical phases of active heating (a rate of 0.2-0.3oC/h was obtained), maintaining of maximum temperature during 1-2 days, and cooling down to the ambient temperature. During the course of composting, a product was obtained, having attractive organoleptic properties, suitable for application in municipal laying-out of greenery.

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