Heuristic Inventive Design Problem Solving Based on Semantic Relatedness

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 968-972
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Cecilia Zanni-Merk ◽  
François Rousselot ◽  
Denis Cavallucci ◽  
Pierre Collet
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Design Expert

A growing number of industries feel the need of formalizing their innovation approaches. Modern innovation theories and methods use different knowledge sources for solving inventive design problems. These sources are generally about similar notions, but the level of detail of their description can be very different. We are interested in finding semantic links among these sources and developing an intelligent way of managing this knowledge, with the goal of assisting the inventive design expert during his activities. This paper explores a short text semantic similarity approach to search potential links among these sources. These links available could facilitate the retrieval for the heuristic solutions of inventive problems for TRIZ users.

Design Fixation on Non-Verbal Stimuli: The Influence of Simple vs. Rich Pictorial Information on Design Problem-Solving

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cardoso ◽  
Petra Badke-Schaub ◽  
Ana Luz
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Pictorial Information ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Design Fixation ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Pictorial Representations

During design problem-solving designers frequently come across a variety of rich visual displays. While browsing for different external sources of information, pictorial representations of existing concepts take a relevant prominence. However, once designers start devising new solution ideas to design problems, they often become particularly influenced by the exemplars they come across. Inadequate and excessive reuse of existing (parts of) available solutions has been described as design fixation. Such behaviour has been discussed having an impact on creativity and innovation. The study presented here investigates the influence that two different types of pictorial representations (simple and rich stimuli) of a particular solution had upon industrial design students during an ideation phase. The findings clearly demonstrate high levels of design fixation on the pictorial examples utilised. The results also show the presence of both detrimental and beneficial aspects on the quality of the ideas generated. Lastly, the outcome of this study reports on how the originality of the solutions created by the groups primed with existing solutions was significantly hindered. Reasons for the occurrence of design fixation are discussed in light of its implications to design quality and originality; and ultimately, to the use of pictorial information in design practice.

Factors of Design Problem-Solving and Their Contribution to Creativity

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Hernan Casakin
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Design Creativity ◽  
Major Factors

Design problems are unique, complex, and ambiguous. They are considered to be non-routine and ill-structured. Since these kinds of problems require the production of innovative solutions, design problem-solving involves creative thinking. Creativity is concerned with the capacity to restructure old ideas to produce novel solutions, and the ability to search for unusual design alternatives that transcend the known and familiar. In the recent years, there were attempts to gain insight in problem-solving activities that demand creativity, such as design. A question addressed in the current empirical research is how design students assess creativity in architectural design while solving housing problems. Redefining the role of housing in the contemporary city was a main concern. Major factors of design problem-solving, and their contribution to creativity are analyzed. Results revealed that restructuring of housing design problems was the most significant factor of design problem-solving, followed by search of design solutions. Retrieval of prior knowledge from memory was the weakest factor. Furthermore, innovation was the most significant factor characterizing design creativity, followed by utility and aesthetics. Additional findings showed that restructuring of housing problems was the most correlated factor, and the predictor that had a unique contribution to all creativity factors. Search of housing solutions was a predictor that contributed mainly to innovation.

Design Problem Solving

2006 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Winkelmann ◽  
Winfried Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Problem

Zusammenfassung. In zwei experimentellen Studien werden mögliche alternative Bedingungen der lösungsgüteverbessernden Wirkung einer Frage-Antwort-Technik im Entwurfsdenken (Design Problem Solving) geprüft. In der ersten Studie (N = 84) wurden differential- und kognitionspsychologische Bedingungen geprüft. Eine Aussagenanalyse in einer zweiten Studie (N = 94) sollte die nachgewiesenen Ergebnisse vertiefen. Für die in beiden Studien ermittelten Lösungsgüteverbesserungen konnten keine differentialpsychologischen Abhängigkeiten von Vorgehensstilen nachgewiesen werden. In kognitionspsychologischer Hinsicht zeigte sich, dass sowohl Fragen, die die Forderungen der Aufgabe in Erinnerung bringen, als auch Fragen, deren Beantwortung die Auslösung von Denkprozessen fördern, zur Lösungsgüteverbesserung beitragen. Größere Effekte werden bei der Kombination beider Fragenarten nahe gelegt. Die Ergebnisse der Aussagenanalyse weisen auf eine sowohl beschreibende als auch begründende und bewertende Vorgehensweise der Untersuchungsteilnehmer hin, die Verbesserungen erzielten. Fragen für weiterführende Untersuchungserfordernisse werden abgeleitet.

Ist die Wirkung fragenbasierten reflexiven Auseinandersetzens mit Entwurfslösungen aufgabenabhängig?

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Winkelmann ◽  
Marlen Melzer ◽  
Winfried Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Problem

In dieser experimentellen Studie (N = 153) wird untersucht, ob und in welchem Maße der lösungsverbessernde Effekt einer fragenbasierten reflexiven Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen Lösung auch für eine konstruktive Entwurfsaufgabe nachgewiesen werden kann, die sich bei vergleichbarer Schwierigkeit inhaltlich von dem bisher untersuchten Mechanikproblem unterscheidet. Damit soll für die Wirksamkeit der eingesetzten Frage-Antwort-Technik ein aufgabenspezifischer bzw. Inhaltseffekt ( Wason, 1966 ) ausgeschlossen werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante Lösungsgüteverbesserungen nach Einsatz der Fragetechnik in gleichem Umfang auch bei der inhaltlich andersartigen Entwurfsaufgabe, wodurch die Übertragbarkeit dieser Unterstützungsmöglichkeit des Design Problem Solving nachgewiesen werden konnte.

A model of the mechanical design process based on empirical data

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Ullman ◽  
Thomas G. Dietterich ◽  
Larry A. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Cad Tools ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Key Features

This paper describes the task/episode accumulation model (TEA model) of non-routine mechanical design, which was developed after detailed analysis of the audio and video protocols of five mechanical designers. The model is able to explain the behavior of designers at a much finer level of detail than previous models. The key features of the model are (a) the design is constructed by incrementally refining and patching an initial conceptual design, (b) design alternatives are not considered outside the boundaries of design episodes (which are short stretches of problem solving aimed at specific goals), (c) the design process is controlled locally, primarily at the level of individual episodes. Among the implications of the model are the following: (a) CAD tools should be extended to represent the state of the design at more abstract levels, (b) CAD tools should help the designer manage constraints, and (c) CAD tools should be designed to give cognitive support to the designer.

Design Option Decision Tree: A Method for Schematic Analysis of a Design Problem and Integration of Human Factors Data

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
William B. Askren ◽  
Kenneth D. Korkan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Decision Point ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Design Option ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

A Design Option Decision Tree (DODT) is a graphic means of showing the design options available at each decision point in the design process. Several examples of DODTs for aircraft design problems are shown. The procedures for developing a DODT are described. A proposed method for use of the DODT to resolve a design problem is presented. This method includes evaluating the design options in the Tree for impact on the system, and tracing paths through the Tree as dictated by specific design goals. The use of human factors data as one of the evaluation parameters is illustrated. The paper concludes with a discussion of other uses of a DODT.

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