Optical Methods for Indoor Characterization of Small-Size Solar Concentrators Prototypes

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.196 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 196-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antonio Parretta ◽

Andrea Antonini ◽

Maria Angela Butturi ◽

Emiliano Milan ◽

Pierangelo Di Benedetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Source ◽

Collection Efficiency ◽

Direct Method ◽

Optical Methods ◽

Solar Light ◽

Direct Integral ◽

Solar Concentrators ◽

Innovative Methods ◽

A Direct Method

The light collection properties of different types of solar concentrators have been investigated by applying conventional and innovative methods of characterization [1, 2]. Four types of optical methods were applied: i) a “direct” method using a laser beam as light source; ii) a “direct” method using a parallel beam simulating the direct component of solar light; iii) a “direct” integral method using a lambertian light source simulating the diffuse component of solar light; iv) an “inverse” method using a lambertian light source applied at the receiver side, thereby reversing the light path. The optical properties derived by applying the above three methods were: i) the local optical collection efficiency, resolved on the entrance point and direction of incidence ii) the overall optical collection efficiency under collimated light, resolved on direction of incidence; iii) the spatial and angular distribution of flux on the receiver.

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USE OF SPATIOTEMPORAL DIAGRAMS TO CHARACTERIZE A SILO DISCHARGING PROCESS

Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1139/tcsme-2013-0004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 53-70

Author(s):

Blaise Nsom ◽

Noureddine Latrache

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Mechanical Characterization ◽

Direct Method ◽

Rectangular Cross Section ◽

Small Scale ◽

Flat Bottom ◽

Shear Box ◽

A Direct Method

To get a better knowledge of discharging flows of ensiled granular materials, a small scale silo was designed and built. It is equipped with a flat bottom and it has a rectangular cross section. Moreover, it is entirely transparent for image processing purpose. First of all, a physical and mechanical characterization of wood granules (inert materials) was performed using a shear box testing. Then, silo emptying flows were generated. Flow regimes and flow rate were determined using spatiotemporal diagrams extracted from images of the free surface of the ensiled material. The same method was then used to measure the flow rate of discharging flows of soya, colza and rye seeds which were characterized in a previous study. For each material studied, the flow rate measured with this non intrusive method was successfully compared with a direct method consisting in weighing a volume of grains discharged during a unit time and with Berveloo’s formula.

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Experimental characterization of cohesive zone models for thin adhesive layers loaded in mode I, mode II, and mixed-mode I/II by the use of a direct method

International Journal of Solids and Structures ◽

10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2018.09.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 158 ◽

pp. 90-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

G. Lélias ◽

E. Paroissien ◽

F. Lachaud ◽

J. Morlier

Keyword(s):

Cohesive Zone ◽

Mixed Mode ◽

Direct Method ◽

Mode I ◽

Mode Ii ◽

Experimental Characterization ◽

Cohesive Zone Models ◽

Adhesive Layers ◽

A Direct Method

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Appendix.―Filtration experiments with virus of infectious ectromelia

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character ◽

10.1098/rspb.1931.0089 ◽

1931 ◽

Vol 109 (763) ◽

pp. 374-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Direct Method ◽

Optical Methods ◽

Microscopical Examination ◽

Polydisperse System ◽

Disperse Systems ◽

Filtration Method ◽

Dispersed Material ◽

A Direct Method ◽

Filtration Technique

The primary demand upon any filtration method, as an adjunct to microscopical studies, is that it should provide a means of fractionating from a polydisperse system particles which within certain limits are of a definite order of size. To accomplish this it is essential to have a series of graded filters of known porosities, capable of being reproduced with constancy. Then, by adopting a carefully regulated filtration technique, graded filtrates can be obtained, the particle size of dispersed material in any one of which is determined by the grade of filter employed. The use of such a method in conjunction with microscopical examination of filtrates provides at once a direct method for the analysis of disperse systems. This, of course, assumes that the disperse phase is resolvable by the optical methods available. Mr. Barnard has already indicated briefly the part played by filtration in the present study on the virus of infectious ectromelia. I propose to describe in more detail the lines along which the filtration experiments have been conducted, and particularly the steps in the development of the general experimental method.

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I. On the determination of the indices of refraction of various substances for the electric ray. I. Index of refraction of sulphur

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1895.0069 ◽

1896 ◽

Vol 59 (353-358) ◽

pp. 160-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Keyword(s):

Narrow Range ◽

Direct Method ◽

Coal Tar ◽

Index Of Refraction ◽

Optical Methods ◽

Light Waves ◽

Optically Transparent ◽

A Direct Method

The indices of refraction of transparent substances have been determined by the usual optical methods. There is still a large number of substances like the various rocks, wood, brick, coal-tar, and others which are not transparent to light, so that their indices could not be obtained. These substances are, however, transparent to electric radiation; and the present investigation was undertaken to find a direct method of determining their indices with a sufficient amount of accuracy. Even in the case of optically transparent substances, the indices are only known for the narrow range of light waves.

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A direct method for the simultaneous characterization of thermal diffusivities of a bi-layer material consisting of a thin coating deposited on a substrate

Applied Mathematical Modelling ◽

10.1016/j.apm.2020.09.049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 91 ◽

pp. 614-631

Author(s):

Elissa El Rassy ◽

Yann Billaud ◽

Didier Saury

Keyword(s):

Direct Method ◽

Thin Coating ◽

Layer Material ◽

Thermal Diffusivities ◽

A Direct Method

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Characterization of ampicillin-stressed proteomics and development of a direct method for detecting drug-binding proteins in Edwardsiella tarda

Journal of Proteomics ◽

10.1016/j.jprot.2014.12.018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 97-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xian-jie Liu ◽

Wei-cong Zhu ◽

Yu-bin Su ◽

Chang Guo ◽

Zhao-hai Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binding Proteins ◽

Direct Method ◽

Drug Binding ◽

Edwardsiella Tarda ◽

A Direct Method

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Characterization of frozen hydrated biological specimens by low-loss EELS

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100132492 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1572-1573

Author(s):

Songquan Sun ◽

Richard D. Leapman

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Direct Method ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dark Field ◽

Protein Solutions ◽

Subcellular Compartment ◽

Differential Shrinkage ◽

Electron Energy Loss

Analyses of ultrathin cryosections are generally performed after freeze-drying because the presence of water renders the specimens highly susceptible to radiation damage. The water content of a subcellular compartment is an important quantity that must be known, for example, to convert the dry weight concentrations of ions to the physiologically more relevant molar concentrations. Water content can be determined indirectly from dark-field mass measurements provided that there is no differential shrinkage between compartments and that there exists a suitable internal standard. The potential advantage of a more direct method for measuring water has led us to explore the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for characterizing biological specimens in their frozen hydrated state.We have obtained preliminary EELS measurements from pure amorphous ice and from cryosectioned frozen protein solutions. The specimens were cryotransfered into a VG-HB501 field-emission STEM equipped with a 666 Gatan parallel-detection spectrometer and analyzed at approximately −160 C.

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Dual-sensitized upconversion-assisted, triple-band absorbing luminescent solar concentrators

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d0nr01008a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (33) ◽

pp. 17265-17271

Author(s):

Seong Kyung Nam ◽

Kiwon Kim ◽

Ji-Hwan Kang ◽

Jun Hyuk Moon

Keyword(s):

Solar Light ◽

Photovoltaic Systems ◽

Solar Concentrator ◽

Solar Concentrators ◽

Luminescent Solar Concentrators ◽

Luminescent Solar Concentrator ◽

Triple Band

Luminescent solar concentrator-photovoltaic systems (LSC-PV) harvest solar light by using transparent photoluminescent plates, which is expected to be particularly useful for building-integrated PV applications.

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