Effects of Thermal Stabilization and Electron Beam Irradiation on the Characteristics of Lignin Extracted from Black Liquor

2017 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Dae Kyun Hwang ◽  
Jeong Ho Kim ◽  
Oh Hyeong Kwon ◽  
Won Ho Park ◽  
Dong Hwan Cho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Stabilization Process

In the present work, lignin extracted from black liquor, which is industrial waste of pulp manufacturing. The extracted lignin was irradiated at various electron beam intensities from 100 to 1000 kGy. Also, the extracted lignin was thermally stabilized by heat treatment process. The characteristics of the stabilized and irradiated lignin materials were examined by means of TGA, ATR-FTIR, EA, and SEM. The ATR-FTIR result shows that both stabilized and irradiated lignin samples exhibit the decrease of characteristic absorption peaks, indicating the presence of guaiacyl and syringyl groups in the lignin structure. It reveals that the irradiation done to the ‘as-extracted’ lignin with appropriate electron beam intensity provides an efficiency as thermal stabilization of the lignin, suggesting that electron beam irradiation may apply directly to the extracted lignin, prior to carbonization the lignin without thermal stabilization process.

Effect of electron beam irradiation on polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers and stabilization process

2011 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwu Yuan ◽  
Yuansheng Wang ◽  
Pengbo Liu ◽  
Hongwei Yu ◽  
Bao Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Stabilization Process ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Precursor

Ge nanoclusters in PECVD-deposited glass after heat treatment and electron-beam irradiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ou ◽  
T.P. Rørdam ◽  
K. Rottwitt ◽  
F. Grumsen ◽  
A. Horsewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation

Properties of Heat Treatment Alkaline Pulping Black Liquor

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1754-1758
Author(s):  
Cheng Hui Xie ◽  
Rui Feng Yang ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Yan Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Alkaline Pulping ◽  
High Temperature Heat Treatment ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Temperature Heat Treatment

For a large-scale industrial separations and purifications of the lignin in the alkaline pulping, we use aluminum chloride as a catalyst to heat the alkaline pulping black liquor, in order to discuss effects in the nature of high temperature heat treatment process in the alkaline pulping black liquor and aluminum chloride on the nature of alkaline pulping black liquor. The results show that temperature increased and the lignin and carbohydrate content increased and the solids content and pH decreased in the high temperature heat treatment process. When joining the catalyst aluminum chloride, lignin, carbohydrates, solids content and pH value were increased, and increased with increasing amount of aluminum chloride. It proves that the Aluminum chloride plays a big role in the process of the alkaline pulping black liquor heat treatment. It will provide some theoretical basis of the heat treatment of alkaline pulping black liquor.

Color change of tourmaline by heat treatment and electron beam irradiation: UV-Visible, EPR, and Mid-IR spectroscopic analyses

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apichate Maneewong ◽  
Baek Seok Seong ◽  
Eun Joo Shin ◽  
Jeong Seog Kim ◽  
Varavuth Kajornrith
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

Heat treatment of electron beam melted (EBM) Ti-6Al-4V: microstructure to mechanical property correlations

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Raghavan ◽  
Mui Ling Sharon Nai ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Wai Jack Sin ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimal Heat ◽  
Optimal Heat Treatment ◽  
Lath Width

Purpose The paper presents a wide range of post processing heat treatment cycles performed to Electron Beam Melted (EBM) Ti6Al4V alloy and establishes correlations of heat treat process to microstructure and mechanical property (microhardness). The research also identifies the optimal heat treatment to obtain the best microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness and tensile). Design/methodology/approach Rectangular bars fabricated using EBM was used to study the different heat treatment cycles. A variety of heat treatments from sub ß-transus, super ß-transus, near ß-transus and solution aircool plus ageing were designed. After the heat treatment process, the samples were analysed for, α lath width, prior ß grain size, microhardness and nanohardness. Tensile tests were done for the heat treated samples showing most refined α lath structure with uniform globular grains. Findings A clear correlation was observed between α lath width and the microhardness values. The solution aircooled plus aged samples exhibited the best refinement in α-ß morphology with uniform equiaxed grains. The tensile properties of the solution aircooled plus aged samples were comparable to that of the EBM printed samples and better than ASTMF1472 specifications. Originality/value There is hardly any prior work related to post processing heat treatment of EBM built Ti6Al4V other than HIP treatments. The variety of heat treatment cycles and its influence in microstructure and properties, studied in this research, gives a clear understanding on how to tailor final microstructures and select the optimal heat treatment process.

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