Color change of tourmaline by heat treatment and electron beam irradiation: UV-Visible, EPR, and Mid-IR spectroscopic analyses

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apichate Maneewong ◽  
Baek Seok Seong ◽  
Eun Joo Shin ◽  
Jeong Seog Kim ◽  
Varavuth Kajornrith
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

Ge nanoclusters in PECVD-deposited glass after heat treatment and electron-beam irradiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ou ◽  
T.P. Rørdam ◽  
K. Rottwitt ◽  
F. Grumsen ◽  
A. Horsewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation

Color Change of Spodumene Gemstone by Electron Beam Irradiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 370-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pannipa Noithong ◽  
Panee Pakkong ◽  
Kittisakchai Naemchanthara
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Impurity Elements

Study on the electron beam irradiation color change induction of spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) samples, which color exhibit green, pink and colorless. Characteristic the electron-beam irradiation dose were selected 30,000 kGy, 40,000 kGy and 50,000 kGy. The color and fading of spodumene samples were analyzed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer , crystal structure were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, free radical species of impurities were determined by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrometer before and after irradiation. The results revealed the color of spodumene samples changed after irradiation, from green spodumene became a little darker color, pink spodumene became green color, colorless spodumene became pink to purple color the results of the color analysis and fading displayed on the CIE L* a* b* color system, color change spodumene samples were determined by values changed of a* and b*. Color fade of spodumene were determined by values changed of L*. The results of all samples crystal structure analysis were shown on the XRD patterns of the JCPDS No. 89-6662 (Spodumene) with monoclinic structure. The radical analysis results of impurity elements, green and pink only appear the ESR pattern of manganese (Mn2+), and chromium (Cr3+), respectively. It can be conclusion that intensity of color change depend on the irradiation dose and impurity elements in spodumene samples.

Effects of Thermal Stabilization and Electron Beam Irradiation on the Characteristics of Lignin Extracted from Black Liquor

2017 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Dae Kyun Hwang ◽  
Jeong Ho Kim ◽  
Oh Hyeong Kwon ◽  
Won Ho Park ◽  
Dong Hwan Cho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Stabilization Process

In the present work, lignin extracted from black liquor, which is industrial waste of pulp manufacturing. The extracted lignin was irradiated at various electron beam intensities from 100 to 1000 kGy. Also, the extracted lignin was thermally stabilized by heat treatment process. The characteristics of the stabilized and irradiated lignin materials were examined by means of TGA, ATR-FTIR, EA, and SEM. The ATR-FTIR result shows that both stabilized and irradiated lignin samples exhibit the decrease of characteristic absorption peaks, indicating the presence of guaiacyl and syringyl groups in the lignin structure. It reveals that the irradiation done to the ‘as-extracted’ lignin with appropriate electron beam intensity provides an efficiency as thermal stabilization of the lignin, suggesting that electron beam irradiation may apply directly to the extracted lignin, prior to carbonization the lignin without thermal stabilization process.

scholarly journals Crystallization Processes of Amorphous GeSn Thin Films by Heat Treatment and Electron Beam Irradiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 2046-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kimura ◽  
M. Ishimaru ◽  
M. Okugawa ◽  
R. Nakamura ◽  
H. Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation

Methods to Monitor and Improve the Performance of Specimen Holders for Transmission Electron Cryomicroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
B. L. Armbruster ◽  
B. Kraus ◽  
M. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Electron Cryomicroscopy ◽  
Thermal Equilibration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One goal in electron microscopy of biological specimens is to improve the quality of data to equal the resolution capabilities of modem transmission electron microscopes. Radiation damage and beam- induced movement caused by charging of the sample, low image contrast at high resolution, and sensitivity to external vibration and drift in side entry specimen holders limit the effective resolution one can achieve. Several methods have been developed to address these limitations: cryomethods are widely employed to preserve and stabilize specimens against some of the adverse effects of the vacuum and electron beam irradiation, spot-scan imaging reduces charging and associated beam-induced movement, and energy-filtered imaging removes the “fog” caused by inelastic scattering of electrons which is particularly pronounced in thick specimens.Although most cryoholders can easily achieve a 3.4Å resolution specification, information perpendicular to the goniometer axis may be degraded due to vibration. Absolute drift after mechanical and thermal equilibration as well as drift after movement of a holder may cause loss of resolution in any direction.

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