A New Technology to Prevent the Formation of Limescale in Hot Water Supply Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Mardan Jalilov ◽  
Ayten Jalilova ◽  
Gulnar Feyziyeva ◽  
Makhanim Azimova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Supply Systems

Given that the quality of water supplied to hot water supply systems must meet drinking water requirements, it is also important that the water preparation process is of great importance. The quality of that water is also important in terms of preventing the formation of heat in hot water systems. It is known that the main cause of the formation of water is the presence of calcium and magnesium cations and bicarbonate and sulfate anions in water. The traditional methods for preventing the limescale include the combination of calcium and magnesium cations from the water and replacing them with cations that are not easy to resolve at high temperatures. The quality of water treated by these methods does not meet drinking water requirements. Taking these into account, the Cl-anionizationprocess of drinking water has been developed in high-tech anionite technology. According to this technology, the first water from the city water gridis processed through anionite and activated carbon filters, which are mechanically charged with high anionite. The treated water is then cleaned out of microbes and bacteria through the ultraviolet disinfection equipment and delivered to the operator according to the quality requirements for drinking water. In the chlorine-anionization process, most of the sulfate and bicarbonate anions in water change to chlorine anions and their solidity remains constant. Thus, the density of the limescale-forming anions in the water decreases sharply and it meets the quality indicators of drinking water. High-grade anionite in the filter (8÷12) is regenerated by NaCl solution. The filtration rate of the solution from the anionite is determined depending on the concentration of calcium cations contained in the salt given for regeneration. Regeneration mode is such that the CaCO3 combination does not crumble when the anionite layer is formed. It is known that the temperature of the heated water in the hot water supply system does not exceed (60÷70)°C. In this case, the decomposition of limescale at Hc<2 mg-eq/l (carbonate hardness) is not observed. As carbonate hardness increases to 4 mg/l, the thin layer in the system shows a collapse. The basic element of the proposed technological schemeCl-anionite filter was applied at ADA University in Baku and positive results were obtained. Early observed collapse of pipes has been prevented and the working regime of hot water heaters has improved. A high-performance anionite such as A200EMBCl, which is a major ingredient of the UK's Purelite, and then the Russian-made AB-17-8 high-anionite anions have been used on the device.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Sverdlovsk Oblast Drinking Water Pollution with Heavy Metal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Supply Systems

The paper presents the results of the determination of heavy metals in drinking water samples from centralized water supply systems and wells of individual water supply of the Sverdlovsk region. It was found that the content of copper ions in the samples does not exceed its maximum permissible concentration, and the content of lead and cadmium ions in most samples is higher than the permissible norms. It is established that water samples from Nizhny Tagil and Serov are more contaminated with cadmium. The causes of drinking water pollution are discussed. It was found that the pollution of water from the centralized water supply systems with heavy metals is mainly due to the non-compliance of the operated water pipes with sanitary and hygienic requirements. Groundwater pollution is caused by the infiltration of industrial effluents containing heavy metals from storage and sedimentation tanks through soil. It is shown that numerous industrial enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region aggravate the process of pollution of surface and groundwater with heavy metals. The unsatisfactory quality of water in terms of the content of heavy metals in Sverdlovsk region is revealed. The authors dwell on the need to continue research to determine the content of other heavy metals in water and expand the geography of sampling in the region in order to assess more accurately the quality of water.

scholarly journals About the optimization in calculations of internal cold and hot water supply systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kushka ◽  
Nataliia Stepova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Internal Networks ◽  
Two Parameters

Regulatory literature, namely the DBN "Domestic Water Supply and Sewerage" does not offer an algorithm for obtaining the optimal diameters on all, without exception, the calculated sections of internal networks of cold and hot water supply. In general, it is not proposed to consider the entire network as a single object. It indicates only the maximum velocities of water in the calculated sections, which depend on the material of the pipe, and states that it is necessary "to maximally use the guaranteed head in the city network. These are two mutually exclusive recommendations. When one is implemented, it is impossible to implement the other and vice versa. It is proposed to completely formalize the calculations of internal networks from finding diameters on individual design sections of the internal network of cold or hot water supply. Optimization is performed simultaneously for all sections of the network without exception. For calculations, to find the best network variant, it is suggested to use two parameters: quantity and quality. As it is generally known, only simultaneous fulfillment of these two parameters enables the water supply network to be reliable. The quality of water depends on the time in which it reaches the consumer. The longer the time, the worse the quality of water. This applies to both cold and hot water. The quantity of water depends on the pressure. The greater the head, the higher the speed of movement and accordingly the higher the flow of water, but there is a disadvantage - the higher the head loss on the way to the consumer and the higher the fee for the service. The search for optimality, so that it was both fast and the head loss is minimal and gives the best option for the network. When using the methodology, neither the designer's experience in solving such problems, nor his general professional level has any influence on the result. This, in turn, makes it possible to quickly solve problems of finding the best option in a short time, as well as to further reduce the time when calculating the network to make the software and in this case the professional level of the designer in general will not have any bearing on the quality of calculations.

scholarly journals Water contamination events in UK drinking-water supply systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gray
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Company ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Contamination Events ◽  
Supply Systems

Water supply companies in the UK have a duty under prime UK legislation to notify the Drinking Water Inspectorate of events affecting or potentially affecting the quality of drinking-water supplies. Under the same legislation, the Inspectorate has a duty to investigate each event. After assessing all of the information available, including companies' reports, the Inspectorate advises on the way in which the event was handled and whether any statutory requirements were contravened. If appropriate, a prosecution of the water company may be initiated. Copies of the assessment are sent to the water company, relevant local and health authorities, Ofwat (the economic regulator), the regional Consumer Council for Water and any other interested parties, including consumers who request it. Generic guidance may be issued to the industry on matters of wider concern. This paper considers the role of the Inspectorate, the powers available to it and reporting arrangements. An overview is presented of events that occurred between 1990 and 2005 and common features are identified. Causes of different types of event are discussed. The importance of well-established contacts between the various interested parties involved in protecting public health is emphasised through discussion of example incidents.

scholarly journals Analyzing health risks caused by contaminated drinking water (experience gained in Samara region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
O.V. Sazonova Sazonova ◽  
◽  
A.K. Sergeev ◽  
L.V. Chupakhina ◽  
T.K. Ryazanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Supply Systems

Environmental contamination is still a pressing issue, in particular, contaminated drinking water sources and contaminated drinking water from centralized communal water supply systems, since it produces negative effects on human health. Our research goal was to estimate probable impacts exerted on overall morbidity in Samara by quality of drinking water taken from centralized communal water supply systems as a most significant environmental factor. Our research tasks included taking and analyzing drinking water samples from centralized communal water supply systems; calculating carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks caused by analyzed chemicals. To fulfill the tasks and achieve the goals, in 2018–2019 we performed sanitary-chemical analysis of drinking water quality as per 20 sanitary-chemical parameters; our research object was drinking water taken from centralized communal water supply systems in 7 districts in Samara. Obtained actual data on contamination of water taken from centralized water supply networks in Samara were used as primary basis for calculating hazard indexes and carcinogenic risk coefficients using conventional exposure scenarios. In our research we revealed that maximum total non-carcinogenic hazard quotient was determined by arsenic and petroleum products introduction. Assessment of carcinogenic risks caused by contaminants in drinking water revealed that total health risk for children younger than 18 was within the second range as per its median; total carcinogenic risks for adults, within the third range. At the same time, arsenic contents did not exceed hygienic standards in all examined samples. So, we assessed carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, basing on actual data on quality of drinking water taken from centralized communal water supply systems. It seems vital to perform a wider-scale controlled study in several regions in order to assess significance of revealed factors for morbidity among population.

scholarly journals About the question of the assessment of the drinking water quality in centralized water systems in the current conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-568
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Novikova ◽  
K. B. Friedman ◽  
V. N. Fedorov ◽  
A. A. Kovshov ◽  
N. A. Tikhonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

Introduction. Regulation of drinking water quality is a very important area of health care and improving the quality of life of the population of the Russian Federation.The aim of this work is the development a model for the assessment of the drinking water quality and calculating the share of the population, including urban, provided with high-quality drinking water from centralized water supply systems, taking into account new methodological approaches to the evaluation of the quality of drinking water using the example of water supply to settlements in the Leningrad Region. Material and methods. The data on the organization of centralized cold water supply systems and monitoring systems for drinking water quality and the results of laboratory studies of drinking water quality in the cities of Volkhov, Svetogorsk, Slantsy, Tosno were studied. Statistical processing of the results was performed, the categories of quality of drinking water supplied to the population were determined, the number of the population provided with high-quality drinking water from the water supply system was calculated in accordance with Guidelines 2.1.4.0143-19.Results. In 2018, 100% of the population was provided with quality drinking water only in the city of Slantsy. In the city of Tosno, this index reached of 83.5%. In the cities of Volkhov and Svetogorsk, drinking water was rated as low-quality. But it is worth noting that in the cities of Volkhov and Slantsy laboratory tests were carried out at 2 points, in the city of Svetogorsk - only at the 1 point, which, given the number of residents, is not enough. For an objective assessment of the state of drinking water and the development of measures aimed at improving its quality, it is necessary to increase the number of monitoring points, as well as to include the results of control and supervision measures and production laboratory control conducted by water supply organizations in the volume of laboratory information.Conclusion. The proposed model allows us to assess the drinking water quality in centralized water supply systems and the proportion of the population, including urban, provided with quality drinking water at the level of the water supply system, settlement, municipal district (urban district), subject of the Russian Federation

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