Analysis of Fiber Filter Media after 6 Years of Use as a First Flush Filter

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Ree Ho Kim ◽  
Jung Hun Lee ◽  
Sang Ho Lee ◽  
Hana Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
New Media ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Fiber Filter

Pollutants in rainwater often cause problems such as non-point source pollutant and deterioration of collected water quality in rainwater harvesting systems. Fiber filter media have been developed to resolve these problems by removing pollutants in rainwater by filtration and ion-exchange mechanisms. They have been also successfully applied for the treatment of first-flush rainwater. However, little information is available on the long-term efficiency and the lifetime of the fiber filter media. In this study, new and used fiber filter media were compared in terms of their filterability and ion-exchange capability. The used filter media samples were taken from a first flush filter in a rainwater harvesting system located in an elementary school in Kyonggi-Do. They were used from 2005 to 2010 without any replacement or cleaning. Water quality parameters of an inflow and outflow in the first flush filter were analyzed to quantify the on-site treatment efficiency of the used media. It was shown that the turbidity was removed by approximately 60% and COD was partly removed. The removal efficiency of particles by the used media was similar to that by the new media. Nevertheless, the removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorous by the used media were substantially reduced when compared with the new media. This suggests that the fiber filter media should be periodically replaced to maintain high removals of nutrients. On the other hand, they can be used for more than 6 years if their primary purpose is to removal particles.

First flush effects in an urban catchment area in Aalborg

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Kirsten Broch ◽  
Margit Riis Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Discharge Measurements ◽  
Quality Measurements

The paper describes the results of measurements from a 2 year period on a 95 hectare urban catchment in Aalborg, Denmark. The results of the rain/discharge measurements include 160 storm events corresponding to an accumulated rain depth of totally 753 mm. The water quality measurements include 15 events with time series of concentration of SS, COD, BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The quality parameters showed significant first flush effects. The paper discusses whether either the event average concentration or the accumulated event mass is the most appropriate way to characterize the quality of the outflow.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality in Indo-Gangetic Plain of South-Eastern Asia under Organic vs. Conventional Rice Farming

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Debjani Sihi ◽  
Biswanath Dari ◽  
Zhengjuan Yan ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Himanshu Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Water contamination is often reported in agriculturally intensive areas such as the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in south-eastern Asia. We evaluated the impact of the organic and conventional farming of basmati rice on water quality during the rainy season (July to October) of 2011 and 2016 at Kaithal, Haryana, India. The study area comprised seven organic and seven conventional fields where organic farming has been practiced for more than two decades. Water quality parameters used for drinking (nitrate, NO3; total dissolved solids (TDS); electrical conductivity (EC) pH) and irrigation (sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC)) purposes were below permissible limits for all samples collected from organic fields and those from conventional fields over the long-term (~15 and ~20 years). Importantly, the magnitude of water NO3 contamination in conventional fields was approximately double that of organic fields, which is quite alarming and needs attention in future for farming practices in the IGP in south-eastern Asia.

Patterns of long-term dynamics of aquatic communities and water quality parameters in the Great Lakes: Are they synchronized?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katya E. Kovalenko ◽  
Euan D. Reavie ◽  
Richard P. Barbiero ◽  
Lyubov E. Burlakova ◽  
Alexander Y. Karatayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Aquatic Communities

Prediction of breakthrough of pesticides in GAC-filters and breakthrough of colour in ion-exchange-filters

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G.J. Heijman ◽  
W. Siegers ◽  
R. Sterk ◽  
R. Hopman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Independent Experiment ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Exchange Resins

Adsorption columns are widely used in drinking water treatment to improve a number of water quality parameters. Granular activated carbon filtration (GAC) can be used to decrease the concentration of DOC, colour, taste, odour and pesticides. Columns filled with ion-exchange resins are used to remove colour, nitrate and DOC. The regeneration frequency of these types of filters depends strongly on the natural water quality. Especially the DOC-concentration and DOC-composition determines the efficiency of the processes. Because pilot-plant experiments with realistic contact-times will last for more than a year (for GAC) there is a need for a prediction of breakthrough based on shorter and less expensive laboratory experiments. The available models are not accurate enough because the exact parameters are not available. In batch experiments with natural water, with realistic (low) pesticide concentrations and the full grain size of the adsorbent the adsorption parameters are measured in an independent experiment. With the parameters obtained with these experiments an accurate prediction of the breakthrough curve is possible. With the same parameters predictions of breakthrough curves are calculated under different process conditions. The possibilities of process optimisation can reduce the investment costs for new full-scale plants.

scholarly journals Water quality management for domestic rainwater harvesting systems in Fiji

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Kohlitz ◽  
M. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Limited Government ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Health risks from drinking rainwater are relatively small in the developing world context, but action is needed to ensure water safety. Water safety plans (WSPs) use an approach to manage water quality that has shown signs of success with public and communal water supplies, but relatively little research has been done to investigate the application of WSPs to self-supply systems. The aim of this paper is to investigate the primary issues surrounding appropriate water quality management of domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) systems in Fiji and consider how the principles of WSPs can be applied in this context. A qualitative research design was followed, utilising semi-structured interviews with 34 rural households and six key informants, sanitary inspections of DRWH systems and thematic data analysis. A number of challenges, including limited government resources and the limited knowledge and casual attitudes of rural rainwater consumers, constrain the practicality of adopting conventional WSPs at the household level, but steps for improvement can be taken.

scholarly journals Design and management of rainwater harvesting systems to control water quality for potable purposes in Cu Khe, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghwan Kim ◽  
Anh Dzung Dao ◽  
Mikyeong Kim ◽  
Viet-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Mooyoung Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Control Water

scholarly journals Assessment of Pollutants from Diffuse Pollution through the Correlation between Rainfall and Runoff Characteristics Using EMC and First Flush Analysis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2552
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Leite Costa ◽  
Daniela Junqueira Carvalho ◽  
Sergio Koide
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Event Mean Concentration ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Bed Scour

Urban stormwater runoff is an important source of pollution in receiving water bodies, mainly in cities in development. However, strategies to deal with the impacts caused by the runoff discharges, such as implementing a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) with optimized management, need information usually obtained through monitoring studies. Brasília is a city that has one of the highest urban growth rates in Brazil, with significant impacts on urban water resources, including diffuse pollution, generated by new unregulated urban developments that initially start being built with precarious sanitation infrastructure. The Vicente Pires (VP) watershed is highly urbanized and comprises two areas that have been intensively occupied more recently, at a fast pace, and do not have yet basic sanitation systems fully implemented. Stormwater quality at the outlet of the VP watershed was analyzed by monitoring the rainfall, runoff flows, and pollutant concentration. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) and first-flush (FF) phenomenon were calculated, and hydrologic characteristics were compared for different events through correlation analysis. During dry periods the flow varied between 0.5 and 1.29 m3/s, while in flood periods the maximum value was 72.17 m3/s, forming floods with great volume. Nitrate during dry periods stands out with its high concentration; the maximum was 1.49 mg/L, while the maximum concentration during the flood events was 0.43 mg/L, probably due to dilution. Ammonia results showed very low values, probably because nitrification is occurring up to the collection point. The EMC values of solids in flood events were higher and can be attributed to river bed scour along the VP watershed. The EMC SS values for the VP watershed are also similar to areas in the initial stages of building development. The EMC values in the dry season indicate strong correlations between some water quality parameters such as NH+3-N and SS, TS and NO−3-N; NO−3-N, and COD. These correlations indicate that these pollutants are probably being generated by the same source, probably sewage discharges. During flood events, the correlation between pollutant loads and peak flow can be associated with the scouring during surface washing off, because greater concentrations of solids and organic matter occur in events with greater flow rates. For the first 30% of the initial runoff volume, about 29% of SS, 38% of NH+3-N, and 35% of reactive P were carried during flood events. It was verified that large values of maximum or mean rainfall intensity are related to the occurrence of First Flush (FF) for most pollutants. Antecedent dry days (ADD) did not influence build-up processes in this watershed; however, they are related to FF occurrence. Data indicate that the sewage and stormwater collection networks were being installed caused a high impact on observed water quality, with high concentrations of solids during flood events. On the other hand, the wastewater collection after the sewer network installation led to a decrease in COD concentrations over time. For sustainable management of diffuse pollution, the adoption of distributed SUDS to enhance runoff volume reduction is a recommended solution for the case.

scholarly journals SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATING A WATER QUALITY INDICATOR SPECIFIC TO THE AMAZON REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-261
Author(s):  
A. M. F. de Souza ◽  
S. F. P. Pereira ◽  
L. P. Santos ◽  
C. S. e Silva ◽  
R. M. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Web Interface ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Water Quality Indicator ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

The quality of the water in the Amazon's reservoirs is of fundamental importance for natural ecosystems, biota, and for the region's population. Maintaining the water quality involves long-term monitoring programs established by the requirements of Brazilian legislation. A web interface may facilitate the use of monitoring results routinely, which allows periodic insertion of previously selected water quality parameters results, to finally provide a simple and direct way to evaluate the water quality. The general objective of this study was to develop a software based on a water quality indicator (WQI) system considering chemical, physical-chemical, and biological parameters evaluated in four seasonal periods in Samuel dam. Multivariate analysis was used to select 10 significant variables (oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll a, phosphate, Ba, Ca, Fe, Na, and Sn). The web software added innovation to the project, enabling to storage of data from analysis of field-collected samples in an organized and safe way in a database, in addition to speeding up the calculation of the WQI, making it possible to classify the water quality more quickly and accurately.

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