scholarly journals Assessment of Pollutants from Diffuse Pollution through the Correlation between Rainfall and Runoff Characteristics Using EMC and First Flush Analysis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2552
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Leite Costa ◽  
Daniela Junqueira Carvalho ◽  
Sergio Koide
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Event Mean Concentration ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Bed Scour

Urban stormwater runoff is an important source of pollution in receiving water bodies, mainly in cities in development. However, strategies to deal with the impacts caused by the runoff discharges, such as implementing a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) with optimized management, need information usually obtained through monitoring studies. Brasília is a city that has one of the highest urban growth rates in Brazil, with significant impacts on urban water resources, including diffuse pollution, generated by new unregulated urban developments that initially start being built with precarious sanitation infrastructure. The Vicente Pires (VP) watershed is highly urbanized and comprises two areas that have been intensively occupied more recently, at a fast pace, and do not have yet basic sanitation systems fully implemented. Stormwater quality at the outlet of the VP watershed was analyzed by monitoring the rainfall, runoff flows, and pollutant concentration. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) and first-flush (FF) phenomenon were calculated, and hydrologic characteristics were compared for different events through correlation analysis. During dry periods the flow varied between 0.5 and 1.29 m3/s, while in flood periods the maximum value was 72.17 m3/s, forming floods with great volume. Nitrate during dry periods stands out with its high concentration; the maximum was 1.49 mg/L, while the maximum concentration during the flood events was 0.43 mg/L, probably due to dilution. Ammonia results showed very low values, probably because nitrification is occurring up to the collection point. The EMC values of solids in flood events were higher and can be attributed to river bed scour along the VP watershed. The EMC SS values for the VP watershed are also similar to areas in the initial stages of building development. The EMC values in the dry season indicate strong correlations between some water quality parameters such as NH+3-N and SS, TS and NO−3-N; NO−3-N, and COD. These correlations indicate that these pollutants are probably being generated by the same source, probably sewage discharges. During flood events, the correlation between pollutant loads and peak flow can be associated with the scouring during surface washing off, because greater concentrations of solids and organic matter occur in events with greater flow rates. For the first 30% of the initial runoff volume, about 29% of SS, 38% of NH+3-N, and 35% of reactive P were carried during flood events. It was verified that large values of maximum or mean rainfall intensity are related to the occurrence of First Flush (FF) for most pollutants. Antecedent dry days (ADD) did not influence build-up processes in this watershed; however, they are related to FF occurrence. Data indicate that the sewage and stormwater collection networks were being installed caused a high impact on observed water quality, with high concentrations of solids during flood events. On the other hand, the wastewater collection after the sewer network installation led to a decrease in COD concentrations over time. For sustainable management of diffuse pollution, the adoption of distributed SUDS to enhance runoff volume reduction is a recommended solution for the case.

First flush effects in an urban catchment area in Aalborg

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Kirsten Broch ◽  
Margit Riis Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Discharge Measurements ◽  
Quality Measurements

The paper describes the results of measurements from a 2 year period on a 95 hectare urban catchment in Aalborg, Denmark. The results of the rain/discharge measurements include 160 storm events corresponding to an accumulated rain depth of totally 753 mm. The water quality measurements include 15 events with time series of concentration of SS, COD, BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The quality parameters showed significant first flush effects. The paper discusses whether either the event average concentration or the accumulated event mass is the most appropriate way to characterize the quality of the outflow.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo Talukas of District Qambar Shahdadkot, Sindh

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani ◽  
Muhammad Yar Khuhawar ◽  
Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe study examines the water quality of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo talukas of Qambar Shahdadkot District, less affected by industrial contamination. A total of 38 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for 28 parameters. The results indicated that 57.89% samples were not suitable for drinking purpose with total dissolved solids above than maximum permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) (1000 mg/L). The pH, total phosphate, orthophosphate and nitrite were within WHO limits. The concentration of essential metals more than half samples, fluoride in 60.52% and heavy metals 0–50% were contaminated higher than permissible limits of WHO. The statistical analysis of water quality parameters was also carried out to evaluate coefficient of determination among the parameters, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Water quality determined for irrigation based on Kelly index (KI), sodium percentage (Na%), chloride–sulphate ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index (PI), chloroalkaline indices 1 (CAI-1), residual sodium carbonate and chloride bicarbonate ratio indicated that samples (55 to 100%) could be used for irrigation purposes. The consumption of water with high concentration of salts and fluoride above the permissible limits may be a cause of a number of diseases in the area.

Sensory evaluation of the odors produced during bromophenol formation using a multi-level statistical model

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
H. Al-Samarrai ◽  
J. Matud ◽  
K. Wiesenthal ◽  
P. Atiyah ◽  
A. Bruchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Products Of Reaction ◽  
Flavor Profile Analysis ◽  
Flavor Profile

In response to reports of medicinal taste and odor problems in suburban Paris, a lab scale study was conducted to investigate the contribution of different water quality parameters - pH, phenol, bromide, chlorine, temperature and dissolved oxygen levels - on bromophenol medicinal odor formation using the Flavor Profile Analysis (FPA) method. A study of six parameters at 2 levels (64 experiments) analyzed by the FPA method suggests that chlorine at high concentration is more important as a controlling agent than phenol under similar conditions and the ratio of HOBr:Phenol and the time for reaction will control subsequent brominated products of reaction. Results from a three-level statistical model indicate that high pH was associated with lower odor intensities, whereas high levels of chlorine, phenol and temperature were associated with high odor intensities. Potential worst case scenarios of water quality conditions were determined for evaluation by chemical identification and kinetics.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the outflow water quality of two sustainable linear drainage systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1341-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Andrés-Valeri ◽  
D. Castro-Fresno ◽  
L. A. Sañudo-Fontaneda ◽  
J. Rodriguez-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Car Park

Three different drainage systems were built in a roadside car park located on the outskirts of Oviedo (Spain): two sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS), a swale and a filter drain; and one conventional drainage system, a concrete ditch, which is representative of the most frequently used roadside drainage system in Spain. The concentrations of pollutants were analyzed in the outflow of all three systems in order to compare their capacity to improve water quality. Physicochemical water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity and total petroleum hydrocarbons were monitored and analyzed for 25 months. Results are presented in detail showing significantly smaller amounts of outflow pollutants in SUDS than in conventional drainage systems, especially in the filter drain which provided the best performance.

Analysis of Fiber Filter Media after 6 Years of Use as a First Flush Filter

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Ree Ho Kim ◽  
Jung Hun Lee ◽  
Sang Ho Lee ◽  
Hana Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
New Media ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Fiber Filter

Pollutants in rainwater often cause problems such as non-point source pollutant and deterioration of collected water quality in rainwater harvesting systems. Fiber filter media have been developed to resolve these problems by removing pollutants in rainwater by filtration and ion-exchange mechanisms. They have been also successfully applied for the treatment of first-flush rainwater. However, little information is available on the long-term efficiency and the lifetime of the fiber filter media. In this study, new and used fiber filter media were compared in terms of their filterability and ion-exchange capability. The used filter media samples were taken from a first flush filter in a rainwater harvesting system located in an elementary school in Kyonggi-Do. They were used from 2005 to 2010 without any replacement or cleaning. Water quality parameters of an inflow and outflow in the first flush filter were analyzed to quantify the on-site treatment efficiency of the used media. It was shown that the turbidity was removed by approximately 60% and COD was partly removed. The removal efficiency of particles by the used media was similar to that by the new media. Nevertheless, the removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorous by the used media were substantially reduced when compared with the new media. This suggests that the fiber filter media should be periodically replaced to maintain high removals of nutrients. On the other hand, they can be used for more than 6 years if their primary purpose is to removal particles.

scholarly journals Assessment of Storm Water Quality in Grass Swale by Using Sand Filter Media: a Case Study at UTHM Campus

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Mohd. Azlan B. Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Adel Al- Gheethi ◽  
Daniel Aizat B. Dzain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Sand Column ◽  
Storm Water Runoff

Urbanization in Malaysia has contributed to the increased of volume runoff to the drainage system. SUDS (Sustainable Urban Drainage System) / MSMA (Manual Saliran Mesra Alam) has been implement in Malaysia within several of components. Hence, swale is one of the designed and suggested by SUDS or MSMA in order to control the quantity and quality storm water runoff. The present study aimed to determine the quality of storm water runoff in swale and to analyse storm water runoff treatment using sand column as a part of filtration process.  Water quality parameters tested included COD, BOD5, DO and TSS. The samples was test with sand column on D30, D60, D90 and DMIX. The results revealed that sand column improved the water quality by 4% to 80%. In conclusion, the sand column can be used to improve the storm water quality and can enhance the natural habitat.

Quality of stormwater runoff from paved surfaces of two production sites

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gnecco ◽  
C. Berretta ◽  
L.G. Lanza ◽  
P. La Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Dissolved Form

In order to investigate stormwater pollutant loads associated with different anthropic activities and the related pollutant build-up and wash-off processes, two pilot sites have been equipped in the Liguria Region (Italy) for monitoring first flush water quality in a gas station and an auto dismantler facility. TSS, COD, HCtot and heavy metals in dissolved form (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr) have been analyzed during the monitoring campaign (started in February 2004). Stormwater flow and quality data collected in both production sites confirm that EMC values are significantly higher than those observed in an urban site. In the auto dismantler site, the EMC values for TSS, COD and HC largely exceed the standard values (EC 91/271). Contrary to urban surface runoff, scarce correlation between TSS and COD concentrations is observed in runoff from both production sites. The occurrence and nature of the pollutant load connected to first flush flows is discussed by inspection of the M(V)-curves that are provided for all monitored water quality parameters. Significant first flush phenomenon is evidenced for TSS and HC, while such clear behavior doesn't emerge for heavy metals. Hydrologic and climatic characteristics (ADWP, rainfall intensity/depth) appear to scarcely affect the build-up and wash-off processes.

scholarly journals Water Quality Dynamics of Urban Water Bodies During Flooding in Can Tho City, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Quan Nguyen ◽  
Mohanasundar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Thi Thao Nguyen Huynh ◽  
Maria Luisa Baino-Salingay ◽  
Long Phi Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Can Tho City ◽  
Water Canals

Water pollution associated with flooding is one of the major problems in cities in the global South. However, studies of water quality dynamics during flood events are not often reported in literature, probably due to difficult conditions for sampling during flood events. Water quality parameters in open water (canals, rivers, and lakes), floodwater on roads and water in sewers have been monitored during the extreme fluvial flood event on 7 October 2013 in Can Tho city, Vietnam. This is the pioneering study of urban flood water pollution in real time in Vietnam. The results showed that water quality is very dynamic during flooding, especially at the beginning of the event. In addition, it was observed that the pathogen and contaminant levels in the floodwater are almost as high as in sewers. The findings show that population exposed to flood water runs a health risk that is nearly equal to that of being in contact with sewer water. Therefore the people of Can Tho not only face physical risk due to flooding, but also exposed to health risk.

scholarly journals Use of sodium chloride and zeolite during shipment of Ancistrus triradiatus under high temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson F. Ramírez-Duarte ◽  
Carolina Pineda-Quiroga ◽  
Nhora Martínez ◽  
Pedro R. Eslava-Mocha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Ammonia

The use of sodium chloride (0.5 g/L and 1 g/L) and zeolite (22.7 g/L) during shipment (48 h) of Ancistrus triradiatus at high temperatures (between 24.5 and 34ºC) were evaluated. Several water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, and total ammonia) were measured before and after shipment. Glycemia was measured before shipment and at 24 and 48 h after shipment. After shipment, a resistance test was carried out in a high concentration of sodium chloride, and mortality was recorded after shipment, and 7 days post-shipment. While the two evaluated substances increased survival of A. triradiatus challenged by high temperatures during shipment, the best result was obtained with 1 g/L of sodium chloride.

Impact Identification of Estuarine Water Quality to Marine Biota: A Case Study in Wonorejo Estuary, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wazirotus Sakinah ◽  
Suntoyo ◽  
Mukhtasor
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Estuarine Water Quality

Marine pollution in Wonorejo estuary has been a concern. Partly, marine pollution is carried by the river and the effluent from fish ponds. The amount of fish harvesting for fishermen and fish ponds farmers, especially shrimp ponds decreases time by time. The aim of this study is to know water quality parameters that have exceeded from the quality standard criteria from field work and their impacts to marine biota. Sampling of water quality took place at ten stations along river up to open sea with three points of depth to find out the concentration of ammonia, phosphate, BOD, DO, and phenol. The average concentrations of water quality parameters, 0.6 mg/L for ammonia, 0.09 mg/L for phosphate, 6.8 mg/L for BOD, 5.51 mg/L for DO, and 0.0451 mg/L for phenol, respectively. High concentration of phenol can cause a death for some marine biota.

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