Evaporation Rate Management Using Substrates with Graphene Nanoflakes Coating

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 802-808
Author(s):  
A.S. Dmitriev ◽  
N.F. Ivlev ◽  
Petr G. Makarov

This work is devoted to finding of a solution of the actual problem of modern solar power engineering that consists in incomplete conversion of the Planck spectrum of solar radiation using photoelectric conversion. Concentrated solar power being an alternative faces other limiting features such as high cost of building and maintenance, large areas occupied by these plants, the need of precise adjustment of mirrors-lenses systems and also its detrimental effect on nature, birds in particular. An intensification of vaporization from the surface of water can become a solution. In this work a thin layer made of graphene nanoflakes was used as an absorbing media for solar radiation that intensifies evaporation. Also it acts as a catalyst for transmission of water through porous substrate that was made of wood. Results for these experiments were compared with evaporation from free surface. The possibility of using of these porous substrates for the purpose of desalting and purifying water was also experimentally studied.

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lampkowski ◽  
Odivaldo José Seraphim ◽  
Anselmo José Spadotto

Empreendimentos baseados em tecnologias de energia solar concentrada (Concentrated Solar Power - CSP), também chamada de solar-térmica ou heliotérmica, fazem uso de sistemas de concentração da radiação solar para obtenção de quantidades significativas de fluido a altas temperaturas para aplicação em ciclos térmicos de potência. Em usinas CSP, o calor do sol é captado e armazenado para, depois, ser transformado em energia mecânica e, por fim, em eletricidade. O calor recolhido aquece um líquido (fluido térmico) que passa por um receptor. Esse líquido armazena o calor e serve para aquecer a água dentro da usina e gerar vapor. A partir daí, o vapor gerado movimenta uma turbina e aciona um gerador, produzindo, assim, energia elétrica. No Brasil, apesar do alto índice de radiação solar direta incidente, ainda são escassos os projetos envolvendo a energia heliotérmica e acredita-se que alguns dos fatores que dificultam a adoção e a implementação destas tecnologias no país estão relacionados à complexidade do processo de licenciamento ambiental para construção e operação de usinas CSP e à ausência de uma legislação ambiental específica para empreendimentos baseados na heliotermia. Este artigo se propôs a apresentar os principais aspectos da legislação existente em relação à impactos ambientais e aos processos para a obtenção das licenças ambientais, relacionando-os com as características de usinas CSP. Com base na análise dos requisitos para os procedimentos de licenciamento levantados, foram desenvolvidas propostas para o estabelecimento de diretrizes de licenciamento que são essenciais para o desenvolvimento do mercado CSP no Brasil.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Energias renováveis, energia solar concentrada, legislação vigente. THE CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING PROCESS: CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT ITS SIMPLIFICATIONABSTRACT: Plants based on Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies, also called solar-thermal or heliothermal, make use of solar radiation concentration systems to obtain significant quantities of fluid at high temperatures for application in thermal power cycles. The sunlight is captured and stored. Then it is converted into mechanical energy and finally into electricity. The collected heat heats up a liquid (thermal fluid) that passes through a receiver. This liquid stores the heat and serves to heat the water inside the plant and generate steam. From there, the steam moves a turbine and drives a generator, thus producing electric energy. In Brazil, despite the high incidence of direct solar radiation, projects involving heliothermic energy are still scarce and it is believed that some of the factors that hinder the adoption and implementation of these technologies Brazil are related to the complexity of the environmental licensing process for construction and operation of CSP plants and also the absence of a specific environmental legislation for CSP projects. This paper proposes to present the main aspects of the existing legislation in relation to the environmental impacts and the processes to obtain the environmental licenses, relating them to the characteristics of CSP plants. Based on the analysis of the requirements for the licensing procedures raised, proposals were developed for the establishment of licensing guidelines that are essential for the development of the Brazilian CSP market.KEYWORDS: Renewable energies, concentrated solar power, current legislation


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Oliveira Helio Marques de ◽  
◽  
Giacaglia Giorgio Eugenio Oscare ◽  

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