MODERN STAGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AI METHODS AND SYSTEMS IN POWER ENGINEERING

В статье анализируется ряд публикаций на эту тему, а также обобщаются результаты дискуссий на конференции «Знания, онтологии, теории» (Новосибирск, 8-12 ноября 2021 г.) и Круглом столе в ИСЭМ СО РАН «Искусственный интеллект в энергетике» (22 декабря 2021 г.). Рассматриваются понятия: сильный и слабый ИИ, объяснимый ИИ, доверенный ИИ. Анализируются причины «бума» вокруг машинного обучения и его недостатки. Сравниваются облачные технологии и технологии граничных вычислений. Определяется понятие «умный» цифровой двойник, интегрирующий математические, информационные, онтологические модели и технологии ИИ. Рассматриваются этические риски ИИ и перспективы применения методов и технологий ИИ в энергетике. The article analyzes a number of publications on this topic, and also summarizes the results of discussions at the conference "Knowledge, Ontology, Theory" (Novosibirsk, November 8-12, 2021) and the Round Table at the ISEM SB RAS "Artificial Intelligence in Energy" (December 22 2021). The concepts are considered: artificial general intelligence (AGI), strong and narrow AI (NAI), explainable AI, trustworthy AI. The reasons for the "hype" around machine learning and its disadvantages are analyzed. Compares cloud and edge computing technologies. The concept of "smart" digital twin, which integrates mathematical, informational, ontological models and AI technologies, is defined. The ethical risks of AI and the prospects for the application of AI methods and technologies in the energy sector are considered.

In Memoriam: Professor Pavel Leonidovich Kirillov (20.08.1927 08.10.2021)

Professor Pavel L. Kirillov has died on October 8th, 2021, on his 95th year after a life as a husband, father, and an internationally renowned scientist, researcher, and educator in the field of nuclear engineering, thermalhydraulics, heat transfer, and two-phase flow. He was a passionate and dedicated in everything, what he has done and leaves an incredible legacy to the profession. He was born on August 20th, 1927 in Russia, and received his M.A.Sc. degree in thermal physics in 1950 (Moscow Power-Engineering Institute (MPEI) (МосковскийЭнергетическйИнститут (МЭИ)), Faculty of Physics and Power Engineering (Физико-ЭнергетическийФакультет), Ph.D. and Doctor of Technical Sciences degrees in 1959 and 1969, respectively. Professor Pavel Leonidovich Kirillov was a respected technical leader, mentor, and friend to innumerable students, researchers, scientists, and engineers, and he will be sadly missed by all, who had the privilege to know him. He was an outstanding contributor in every aspect of his prolific work and career in the true traditions of technical excellence and critical thinking, and his irreplaceable loss is deeply felt worldwide.

Rowing electric installations: overview, analysis, development prospects

The monograph provides an overview and analysis of ship's rowing electrical installations, modern scientific and technical solutions aimed at improving the theory and practice of electrical systems of ship propulsion systems are considered. Solutions of urgent problems related to the development of rowing electric installations of small-tonnage vessels based on the introduction of combined power plants, including electrochemical sources of electricity (batteries), are proposed. It is intended for scientific and educational purposes and is aimed at specialists in the field of ship power engineering, cadets and students of electromechanical specialties of educational institutions.

Preface

the XII All-Russian Conference “Thermophysics and Power Engineering in Academic Centers” (TPEAC 2021) October 25-27, 2021, Sochi, Russia The All-Russian scientific conference “Thermophysics and Power Engineering in Academic Centers“ (TPEAC-2021) continues series of conferences (workshops) on thermophysics and heat power engineering. Since the first conference until now, the principal organizer of the conference is the Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, SB RAS. The 1st Workshop of the University Departments and Research Teams in Siberia and the far East specializing in thermophysics was held in Novosibirsk in 1978. Since then, the geographical spread of the Conference expanded every year involving various research centers: Tomsk, 1980; Krasnoyarsk, 1982; Vladivostok, 1984; Kemerovo, 1986; Ulan-Ude, 1988. The 7th Workshop was held in Novosibirsk, September 9-12, 1990, at the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS. Workshop of Universities in Siberia and Far East on Thermophysics and Heat Power Engineering, dedicated to the 85th Birthday of the Workshop founder, academician S.S. Kutateladze, was held in Novosibirsk, October 6-8, 1999, at the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, and the Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU). Since 1999 new series of workshops started. The 2nd Workshop was held in Tomsk, 2001, at the Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU); 3rd - in Barnaul, 2003, at the Altai State Technical University; 4th - in Vladivostok, 2005, at the Far-East State Technical University; 5th - in Irkutsk, 2007, at the Irkutsk State Technical University. Since 2009, when the 6th Workshop was held in Krasnoyarsk at the Siberian Federal University, it acquired the status of an All-Russian conference. The 7th All-Russian Workshop of Universities on Thermophysics and Power Engineering was held in Kemerovo, 2011, at the Kuzbas State Technical University; 8th - in Yekaterinburg, 2013, at the Ural Federal University. Since 2015, when the 9th Workshop was held in Kazan, at the Kazan State Engineering University, it acquired the status of an international conference. International Conference “The 10th Workshop of Universities on Thermophysics and Power Engineering“, was held in Moscow, 2017, at the Moscow Engineering University. The 11th All-Russian scientific conference with international participation “Thermophysics and Power Engineering in Academic Centers“ (TPEAC-2019) held based on the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Saint Petersburg. List of “Thermophysics and Power Engineering in Academic Centers” (TPEAC 2021) October 25-27, 2021, Sochi, Russia, Editorial Committee, Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee, Members of the Scientific and Advisory Committee and this titles are available in this pdf.

Problems of acoustic safety in power engineering

Environmental safety issues are becoming increasingly important in the life of society. Among environmental safety issues in power engineering, acoustic safety occupies a special place. The problem of acoustic safety is associated with the fact that the regular operation of power equipment leads to an increased noise level, and power facilities are located in close proximity to residential areas. In this work, acoustic calculations were performed to determine the sanitary protection zone for gas turbines units (GTU) and combined cycle gas turbine units (CCGT) of various capacities. A formula was obtained for calculating the width of the sanitary protection zone depending on the capacity of gas turbine units and combined cycle plants and their number. It is shown that the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) of a power unit of high capacity is smaller than the sanitary protection zone of several power units of the same capacity. It is found that the noise levels from individual groups of equipment can determine the noise level at the entire border of the sanitary protection zone or in its individual sections. At the same time, noise suppression measures should be taken for all sources that generate noise levels in excess of standards. It is necessary to start noise suppression measures from those sources that generate excess noise in a larger section of the sanitary protection zone.

Partial Renewal is a Tool for an Increase in the Environmental Efficiency of the Worn-out Power Facilities

The mankind created the global production that has an increasingly harmful effect on the natural environment. The present-day condition of natural environment causes much concern. A global environmental problem has inevitably emerged and now it requires a decrease in the intensity of the harmful action of available productive facilities. The purpose of the research done was to substantiate and find a potential opportunity for the use of a new approach to an increase in the level of ecological compatibility due to a partial renewal of the worn-out equipment. A substantial portion of the domestic energy equipment has a low level of the process-related functioning efficiency (including ecological efficiency). A global practice shows that the problems of the improvement of technological parameters can be solved in a different way to provide failure –free functioning of power facilities. The analysis of the circumstances existing nowadays in the field of the interaction of domestic power engineering and natural environment gives us an opportunity to adhere to the opinion that the use of the method of partial renewal is objectively affordable and it is a highly efficient tool for the reduction of the degree of harmful action on the part of power equipment. The purpose of this research paper was to show technological opportunities of the method of a partial renewal of worn-out engineering facilities (first of all power equipment and especially boiler plants) as an affordable tool for a decrease of the degree of their harmful action on the environment. Among the branches of the domestic industry, the power engineering branch needs badly a partial renewal and in the first turn these are boiler plants. This type of renewal is of vital importance for Ukraine that possesses a huge fleet of completely worn-out boiler plants. It is advisable to perform an integrated partial renewal. The partial renewal can involve all or individual parts of the entire chain of process elements. A successful fulfillment of the program of partial renewal is defined by a high quality control of the system of scientific and organizational-&-engineering problems relating to the renewal arrangement and realization. An issue relating to an index of the estimation of the extent of renewal of engineering facilities is of great importance. The capital inputs into the partial renewal are always justified for all intents and purposes. As for the conception of the renewal of the worn-out equipment the partial renewal can become an important launching low-cost step that will simplify the expected realization of the program of complete renewal.

Principal Modernization Solutions for a 300 MW Power Unit to be Converted to Operate at Ultra-Supercritical Steam Parameters

This paper analyses the state of power engineering in Ukraine and the main trends in the development of the world market in the field of converting high-capacity powerful power units of thermal power plants into ultra-supercritical (USC) ones. It is shown that the energy sector of Ukraine requires special attention and the introduction of new modern technical solutions. Worldwide trends indicate that the emphasis is now on increasing the steam parameters before a turbine to ultra-supercritical ones. This allows one both to increase the efficiency of power units and to reduce thermal emissions, fighting the global environmental problem of climate warming. The implementation of this approach is proposed taking into account the realities of the Ukrainian economy and the available technical capabilities of the power engineering industry. This paper presents the results of variational computational studies of the thermal scheme of the 300 MW power unit of the K-300-23.5 turbine to be converted into a USC one. The problem was solved under the condition of maximizing the preservation of the thermal scheme, increasing the efficiency of the power unit and minimizing capital investments during the modernization of the turbine. It was chosen to preserve the regeneration system, as well as the medium-pressure (MP) and low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Considered and calculated were variants with the addition to the existing turbine of a USC cylinder and the creation of a new high-pressure cylinder (HPC) with insignificant changes in its overall characteristics. The results of computational studies showed that the most rational variant for modernizing the 300 MW turbine plant is the creation of a new HPC designed for operation at USC steam parameters as well as the addition to the IPC of a new cylinder with the purpose of increasing the reheat steam parameters while preserving the regeneration system.