Financial Viability of a Photovoltaic System: the case of University Hospital at the UFSCar/Brazil

Considering the negative consequences of the excessive use of non-renewable energy and the development of technologies related to photovoltaic energy, the present paper aims to analyze if the photovoltaic systems are economically viable for university hospitals. A photovoltaic system was designed in the parking lot of the University Hospital of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and analyzed the financial viability of its installation. As a result, the photovoltaic system is financially viable, with an expected generation of 194.2 MWh in the first year and a payback of 7 years. Thus, this paper contributes to the feasibility of photovoltaic projects in university hospitals and the reduction of electric energy consumption, reducing its operational costs, reducing the emission of pollution, and diversification of the Brazilian energy matrix. Furthermore, the results can be used as a scientific basis for other fields, such as public and private hospitals and clinics.

Protecting Public Health and Preserving the Financial Viability of North Carolina’s Critical Health Care Facilities during Infectious Disease Outbreaks

While hospitals’ primary emphasis during the COVID-19 pandemic has been on ensuring sufficient health-related resource capacity (e.g., ICU beds, ventilators) to serve admitted patients, the impacts of the pandemic on the financial viability of hospitals has also become a critical concern. Data from the period March 2020-Janaury 2021 suggest that the halt to elective and non-emergency inpatient procedures, combined with a reduction in emergency room procedures, led to losses equal to 6.5% of revenue from inpatient procedures, or about $825 million. This study finds that societal measures to reduce the community transmission rates have a larger impact on available healthcare capacity and hospital financial losses than hospital-level decisions. This study illustrates the tradeoffs between hospital capacity, quality of care, and financial risk faced by health care facilities throughout the U.S. as a result of COVID-19, providing potential insights for many hospitals seeking to navigate these uncertain scenarios through adaptive decision-making.

National Health Insurance Program financing during the COVID-19 pandemic: financial viability and

This paper examines the state of National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) financing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, an event which coincides with the implementation of the Universal Health Care (UHC) mandates on restructuring the NHIP premium schedule, providing immediate eligibility to NHIP benefits, and expanding member benefits. Using the ratio of total expenditures to total revenues as the measure of financial viability, it shows that the NHIP remains financially viable during the COVID-19 pandemic year of 2020. Projections for 2021 however show that NHIP financial viability may be adversely affected by the significantly higher number of COVID-19 cases with the negative effect mitigated only if COVID-19 benefit claim patterns remain as weak as observed for 2020. On the revenue side, the potential for a lower premium is observed to be offset by the higher rates in the UHC mandated premium schedule. On the expenditure side, potential increases associated with the implementation of immediate eligibility and the introduction of COVID-19 benefits are mitigated by lower NHIP benefit utilization due to reduced mobility and access to health facilities. Secondary analysis on who has to bear the burden of paying for NHIP benefits, however, shows that the implementation of UHC financing initiatives may heighten adverse incentives on members’ willingness to pay premiums. Using the benefit expenditure-premium contribution ratio as the measure for the burden of paying for NHIP benefits, it is shown that the Formal Economy sector shoulders the burden of funding the NHIP benefits of the Informal Economy and Sponsored sectors.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA SAPI PERAH SENTULFRESH INDONESIA DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

This research seeks to analyze the feasibility of dairy cattle business. This research was conducted in Sentulfresh Indonesia in Bogor Regency. Respondents consisted of the owner and the employees of dairy farm also yoghurt production. Data were analyzed by quantitatively using measurement criteria of financial viability and sensitivity analyzes. The results showed that dairy cattle business is financially viable as indicated by NPV values of Rp5,542,458,138.00; Net B/C values of 2.42; Gross B/C values of 1.63; IRR values of 35.09 percent; and PP of 5.76 from the economic life of dairy cattle for eight years, and dairy cattle business is still viable despite the drop in yoghurt sales of 6.24 percent, the drop in milk sales of 45.60 percent, and an increase in cow maintenance cost of 5.88 percent.Key words: dairy cattle, financial feasibility, sensitivity.

A Review of the Impact of Reforms on Financial Viability and Sustainability of Tanzania’s Power Sector

In Tanzania, reforms were mooted in the 1990s to solve two intertwined problems; the financing of investment and reducing the fiscal drain on the government to the sector. This study deploys the ARDL Model and paired-sample t-statistic tests, with profitability and liquidity data from 1989 to 2020 to examine the impact of the reforms on sectoral financial condition in Tanzania. The results suggest that both profitability and liquidity did not significantly improve after reforms. Apart from commercialization policy, other variables were not statistically significant with privatization and liberalization law exerting a negative pressure on liquidity. The findings, therefore, appear to contradict the theoretical view that the reforms improve the financial condition of both the sector and the governments. The outcome can be explained by unfinished reforms manifested by continued politicization of the sector hence underpricing and underinvestment. To ensure sectoral financial viability and sustainability we recommend that the reform policies such as commercialization, corporatization, and independent regulation should be prioritized. These findings will add value to policymakers in Tanzania and beyond which are reforming their power sectors by recognizing that efficient pricing and investment are key for a viable and sustainable financial condition of the sector.

Cost-Benefit Analysis and Financial Viability of Household Biogas Plant Installation in Aleta Wondo District, Southern Ethiopia

Background: Installation of biogas plants has both costs and incomes; installation and maintenance service demand financial costs and reduction of costs for purchasing firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers are benefits or incomes. This study investigates the cost-benefit analysis and financial viability related to biogas plant installation in Southern Ethiopia. Method: A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select sample households. A total of 105 adopter households were selected for household survey.Results and conclusion: The installation cost took the largest share of the total cost of installation and was one of the main constraints that hindered installation. Installation increased household income by reducing the costs incurred for buying firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers. Relatively, lower plant size was more profitable than larger plant size. Installation under the subsidy scheme was more financially viable at 10 % discount rate than its counterparts. The profitability of lower plant size was more sensitive to changes in the discount rate, the level of expenditure saving and input price than larger plant size, under an assumption and without subsidy. Installation of low cost plants could more attract the engagement of a large number of rural households with low economic capacity. Besides, installation of lower plant sizes could more substantially enhance household income by saving costs incurred for buying firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers.

Does investment in palm oil trade alleviate smallholders from poverty in Africa? Investigating profitability from a biodiversity hotspot, Cameroon

In this study we investigate whether the increasing investment in smallholder oil palm plantations that contributes to deforestation is motivated by financial gains or other factors. We evaluate the financial viability of smallholder farmers selling fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) to intermediaries or agro-industrial companies with mills, or processing the FFBs in artisanal mills to produce palm oil. We use data collected in four oil palm production basins in Cameroon and carried out a life cycle assessment of oil palm cultivation and CPO production to understand financial gains. We use payback period (PBP), internal rate of return (IRR), benefit cost ratio (BCR) and net present value (NPV) for 1 ha of oil palm plantation over 28 years at a base discount rate of 8% to asses viability. Our results show that smallholders make more money processing their FFBs in artisanal mills to produce CPO than selling FFBs to intermediaries or agro-industrial companies with mills. The sensitivity analysis show that land ownership is the single most important parameter in the profitability of investment in palm oil cultivation and trade. In addition to land cost, smallholders suffer from borrowing at high interest rates, high field management costs, while recording low on-farm FFB/processing yields. To improve the financial viability of smallholders investing in oil palm cultivation, measures are needed to encourage them to access land, get loans at reduced interest rates, reduce the cost of field management, adopt good agricultural practices to improve on-farm FFB/processing yields, as well as to generate additional revenue from the sale of other products.