PCM-Based for Heat Storage in Solar-Thermal Converter

2020 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Nadhrah Md Yatim ◽  
Siti Rahmah Md Nizar ◽  
Mohd Azman Hashim@Ismail ◽  
Syahida Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Thermal Converter ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Graphene Foam ◽  
Change Material

Solar thermal energy is one of the promising renewable and sustainable energy that have gain research interest. However, the nature of intermittent solar irradiation limits the usage of this energy. Phase change material (PCM) are substance that has the property of absorbing and releasing thermal energy through phase transformation. Combination of graphene foam/PCM composite will be able to absorb heat from solar thermal energy and sustain energy release to thermoelectric generator (TEG) for electrical conversion. Two different PCM material were tested which are petroleum-based paraffin wax and bio-based PCM beeswax. Thermal properties of both materials were measured using DSC and heat absorption were tested under real solar irradiation. This solar-thermal converter showed that graphene/paraffin/beeswax composite is more effective than the paraffin wax or beeswax alone. The recorded results also showed that combination of these petroleum based and bio-based PCM with added graphene foam could retain longer heat than graphene/paraffin wax and individual PCM. The longer heat can be stored in solar-thermal converter device may sustain electricity generation even with absence of solar energy.

Central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Abdul Mosaur Waseel ◽  
Najib Rahman Sabory ◽  
Hameedullah Zaheb ◽  
Abdul Kareem Waseel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Environmental Feasibility

Production of required thermal energy to heat residential buildings is a considerable issue in energy studies. Kabul city is a city in which the coal-fired central heating systems for providing the mentioned energy is in expansion process. And, coal as feeding source of these systems with generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main cause of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in winter. Fortunately, Kabul city has maximum solar radiation in summer warm season which can be used for fulfilling of this demand in winter cold season. The method which can perform this task is the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy. But, the economic and environmental feasibility and viability of this method is a discussable issue. In this study, the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy and its economic and environmental feasibility and viability is studied. It is tried that this system is compared in a logical method with current coal-fired systems. The economic feasibility study is accomplished by comparison of initial or capital cost and annual operation and maintenance cost with the usage of existing data and thermodynamic analytic methods. The environmental viability study is accomplished by comparison of annual emissions of CO2 with the usage of online emissions calculator. Unfortunately, it is found that seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy is not an economically feasible method for central heating due to its high initial cost and cannot be used in an economically beneficial manner for central heating. But fortunately, it is an environmentally viable method and environmentally friendly way due to its no and/or zero CO2 emissions. To sum up, it is suggested that, this method should be used for district heating which can make this system economically feasible.

scholarly journals Daily forecast of solar thermal energy production for heat storage management

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 86-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Rodat ◽  
Christian Tantolin ◽  
Xavier Le Pivert ◽  
Sylvain Lespinats
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage Management ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Daily Forecast

Pengujian Alat Pengering Surya Sederhana dan Modifikasi Menjadi Alat Pengering Hybrid

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irvan ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
Raida Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Average Temperature

Abstrak.  Pengering hybrid merupakan pengering yang menggunakan dua atau lebih sumber energi untuk proses penguapan air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi alat pengering surya sederhana menjadi alat pengering hybrid dengan tambahan energi panas dari pembakaran tempurung kelapa untuk melakukan uji pengeringan pada kacang hijau. Distribusi suhu rata-rata pada alat pengering hybrid pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan energi panas matahari, kombinasi dan biomassa masing-masing adalah 49oC,50oC dan 35oC dengan iradiasi matahari masing-masing menggunakan energi panas matahari dan kombinasi adalah 360,47W/m2 dan 362,79W/m2. Kelembaban relatif pada alat pengering hybrid saat pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan energi panas matahari, kombinasi dan biomassa masing-masing adalah 44,69%, 45,69% dan 57,75%. Kecepatan udara pada alat pengering hybrid saat pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan energi panas matahari, kombinasi dan biomassa masing-masing adalah 0,11 m/s , 0,1 m/s dan 0,08 m/s. Pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan sumber panas dari energi matahari, sumber panas kombinasi energi matahari dengan pembakaran biomassa dan menggunakan energi pembakaran biomassa menghasilkan kadar air akhir biji kacang hijau masing-masing sebesar 8,42%, 8,27% dan 10,75%. Besarnya energi biomassa yang dihasilkan saat pengering selama 10 jam adalah 272,142 MJ. Besarnya energi matahari saat pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan sumber energi matahari dan sumber panas kombinasi energi matahari dengan pembakaran biomassa adalah 3,22 MJ dan 3,14 MJ.Testing of Simple and Modified Solar Dryers Become a Hybrid Dryer ToolAbstract. A hybrid dryer is a dryer that uses two or more sources of energy for the evaporation process of water. The purpose of this study is to modify the simple solar drying tool into a hybrid drying tool with additional heat energy from coconut shell combustion to test drying on green beans. The average temperature distribution of green peanut drying dryers using solar thermal energy, combination and biomass are respectively 49oC, 50oC and 35oC with solar irradiation each using solar thermal energy and the combination is 360,47W/m2 and                362, 79   W/m2. The relative humidity in the hybrid drier when drying green beans using solar thermal energy, combination and biomass are 44.69%, 45.69% and 57.75%, respectively. The air velocity in the hybrid drier when drying green beans using solar thermal energy, combination and biomass are 0.11 m/s, 0.1 m/s and       0.08 m/s respectively. Drying of green beans using a source of heat from solar energy, a combination of solar energy sources with biomass combustion and using biomass combustion energy to produce the final content of green beans seeds by 8.42%, 8.27% and 10.75% respectively. The amount of biomass energy produced during drying for 10 hours is 272,142 MJ. The amount of solar energy during drying of green beans using solar energy sources and the combined heat source of solar energy with biomass burning is 3.22 MJ and 3.14 MJ.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Phase Change Material in Solar Thermal Energy: A Scientometric Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
NORHUDA ABDUL MANAF ◽  
Muhammad Hussin Abdul Jabar ◽  
Muhammad Hussin Abdul Jabar ◽  
Nor Ruwaida Jamian
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Change Material

Phase change material (PCM) features an attractive option due to its solar thermal storage capability to assist the cooling/heating process especially during night operation, thus contributing to the reduction of energy cost and carbon footprint. This study aims to analyse the emergence of PCM in the application of solar thermal energy. Subsequently, to envisage Technology Readiness Level (TRL) and commercialisation opportunity based on historical and contemporary research trends. This review encompasses of peer-reviewed literatures from Scopus database for one decade between 2010 and 2019. Based on the review, there is a moderate growth on the research related to PCM-solar thermal at 22% of emergence rate from the past one decade. China has dominated in this research development by concurring approximately 22% from the number of research articles published globally. It can be concluded that the application of PCM in solar thermal energy system is at TRL 5 which reflects research and development (R&D) progress is at intermediate prototypical development based on the trend of academic publication. Furthermore, based on the review, PCM features great potential in commercialisation opportunity due to its vital contribution as a frontier material/substance in overcoming the challenges of energy and environmental insecurity.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN PARAFFIN WAX SEBAGAI PENYIMPAN KALOR PADA PEMANAS AIR TENAGA MATAHARI THERMOSYPHON

ROTASI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadjib
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Storage ◽  
Change Material

Pemanas Air Tenaga Matahari (PATM) konvensional umumnya menggunakan air sebagai penyimpan energi termal. Pemakaian sensible heat storage (SHS) ini memiliki kekurangan, diantaranya adalah densitas energinya rendah. Di sisi lain, latent heat storage (LHS) mempunyai sifat khas yaitu densitas energinya tinggi karena melibatkan perubahan fasa dalam penyerapan atau pelepasan kalor. Material LHS sering disebut phase change material (PCM). Penggunaan PCM pada PATM menarik dilakukan untuk meningkatkan densitas energi sistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki perilaku termal penggunaan paraffin wax di dalam tangki PATM jenis thermosyphon. Penelitian menggunakan kolektor matahari pelat datar dan tangki thermal energy storage (TES) yang dipasang secara horisontal di sisi atas kolektor. Di dalam tangki terdapat alat penukar kalor yang terdiri dari sekumpulan pipa kapsul dimana di dalamnya berisi paraffin wax. Air digunakan sebagai SHS dan heat transfer fluid (HTF). Termokopel dipasang di sisi HTF dan sisi PCM. Piranometer dan sensor temperatur udara luar diletakkan di dekat kolektor matahari. Pengambilan data dilakukan selama proses charging. Temperatur HTF, PCM dan intensitas radiasi matahari direkam setiap 30 detik. Data ini digunakan untuk mengetahui evolusi temperatur HTF dan PCM. Berdasarkan evolusi temperatur ini kemudian dianalisis perilaku termal PATM. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa paraffin wax telah berfungsi sebagai penyimpan energi termal bersama air di dalam tangki PATM jenis thermosyphon. PCM memberi kontribusi yang cukup signifikan terhadap kapasitas penyimpanan energi sistem. Efisiensi kolektor lebih optimal karena PCM dapat mempertahankan stratifikasi termal sampai akhir charging. Adanya PCM mampu mengendalikan penurunan efisiensi pengumpulan energi saat intensitas radiasi matahari menurun. Alat penukar kalor yang digunakan cukup efektif yang ditandai dengan kecepatan pemanasan rata-rata antara HTF dan PCM yang tidak berbeda jauh.

A System Modeling Approach for Active Solar Heating and Cooling System With Phase Change Material (PCM) for Small Buildings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeevan Ratnanandan ◽  
Jorge E. González
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Change Material

The paper presents a study of the performance of an active solar thermal heating and cooling system for small buildings. The work is motivated by the need for finding sustainable alternatives for building applications that are climate adaptable. The energy demand for heating and cooling needs in residential and light commercial buildings in mid-latitudes represent more than 50% of the energy consumed annually by these buildings. Solar thermal energy represents an untapped opportunity to address this challenge with sustainable solutions. Direct heating could be a source for space heating and hot water, and for heat operated cooling systems to provide space cooling. However, a key limitation in mainstreaming solar thermal for heating and cooling has been the size of thermal storage to implement related technologies. We address this issue by coupling a Phase Change Material (PCM) with an adsorption chiller and a radiant flooring system for year round solar thermal energy utilization in Northern climates. The adsorption chiller allows for chill water production driven by low temperature solar thermal energy for summer cooling, and low temperature radiant heating provides for space heating in winter conditions, while hot water demand is supplied year round. These active systems are operated by high performance solar thermal collectors. The PCM has been selected to match temperatures requirements of the adsorption chiller, and the tank was designed to provide three levels of temperatures for all applications; cooling, heating, and hot water. The material selection is paraffin sandwiched with a graphite matrix to increase the conductivity. The specific objective of the preset work is to provide a system optimization of this active system. The system is represented by a series of mathematical models for each component; PCM tank with heat exchangers, the adsorption machine, the radiant floor, and the solar thermal collectors (Evacuated tubular collectors). The PCM modeling allows for sensible heating, phase change process, and superheating. Parametric simulations are conducted for a defined small building in different locations in US with the objective of defining design parameters for; optimal solar collector array, sizing of the PCM tank, and performance of the adsorption machine and radiant heating system. The monthly and annual solar fractions of the system are also reported.

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