scholarly journals The EMSO-ERIC Pan-European Consortium: Data Benefits and Lessons Learned as the Legal Entity Forms

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairi M.R. Best ◽  
Paolo Favali ◽  
Laura Beranzoli ◽  
Jérôme Blandin ◽  
Namik M. Çağatay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ocean Observations

AbstractThe European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory (EMSO) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) provides power, communications, sensors, and data infrastructure for continuous, high-resolution, (near-)real-time, interactive ocean observations across a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary range of research areas including biology, geology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and computer science, from polar to subtropical environments, through the water column down to the abyss. Eleven deep-sea and four shallow nodes span from the Arctic through the Atlantic and Mediterranean, to the Black Sea. Coordination among the consortium nodes is being strengthened through the EMSOdev project (H2020), which will produce the EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM). Early installations are now being upgraded, for example, at the Ligurian, Ionian, Azores, and Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) nodes. Significant findings have been flowing in over the years; for example, high-frequency surface and subsurface water-column measurements of the PAP node show an increase in seawater pCO2 (from 339 μatm in 2003 to 353 μatm in 2011) with little variability in the mean air-sea CO2 flux. In the Central Eastern Atlantic, the Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands open-ocean canary node (aka ESTOC station) has a long-standing time series on water column physical, biogeochemical, and acidification processes that have contributed to the assessment efforts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). EMSO not only brings together countries and disciplines but also allows the pooling of resources and coordination to assemble harmonized data into a comprehensive regional ocean picture, which will then be made available to researchers and stakeholders worldwide on an open and interoperable access basis.

STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC THE BLACK SEA AND MICROPLASTICS: SEVASTOPOL BEACHES MONITORING

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sibirtsova ◽  
Elena Sibirtsova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Erosion Level ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Mean

Within the framework of the monthly monitoring the study of qualitative and quantitative composition and distribution of micro- and small macroplastic on sandy and pebbly beaches of Sevastopol is initiated. Microplastics and small macroplastic abundance was estimated from surveys on two of the most popular Sevastopol sandy beaches of the Crimea Black Sea Coast (Omega beach and Uchkuyevka beach). The samples were collected during March - April 2016 from the top 5 cm of the numerous square areas (1×1 m) placed on 20 m long transects perpendicularly 100-meter lines along the shore line. Three type of stainless steel sieves were used: mesh sizes 5 mm, 1 mm and 0,3 mm. In the laboratory, the collected sediments were introduced into a glass tank with a high concentration solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) 140 g l-1, the floating plastic particles recovered, sorted and categorized by type, usage and erosion level. The mean microplastics densities on Omega and Uchkuyevka Beach were 4,2 ± 0,95 and 2,6 ± 0,95 items m-2, accordingly. Most of micropastics items were rigid fragments (60%), polystyrene (25%) and polyethylene (15%). Number of macroplastic particles (size of 5-100 mm) by 1 m-2 ranged from 2.35 to 57, the mean abundance on Omega and Uchkuyevka beaches were 10,1 ± 0,95 and 7,3 ± 0,95, accordingly.

STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC THE BLACK SEA AND MICROPLASTICS: SEVASTOPOL BEACHES MONITORING

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sibirtsova ◽  
Elena Sibirtsova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Erosion Level ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Mean

Within the framework of the monthly monitoring the study of qualitative and quantitative composition and distribution of micro- and small macroplastic on sandy and pebbly beaches of Sevastopol is initiated. Microplastics and small macroplastic abundance was estimated from surveys on two of the most popular Sevastopol sandy beaches of the Crimea Black Sea Coast (Omega beach and Uchkuyevka beach). The samples were collected during March - April 2016 from the top 5 cm of the numerous square areas (1×1 m) placed on 20 m long transects perpendicularly 100-meter lines along the shore line. Three type of stainless steel sieves were used: mesh sizes 5 mm, 1 mm and 0,3 mm. In the laboratory, the collected sediments were introduced into a glass tank with a high concentration solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) 140 g l-1, the floating plastic particles recovered, sorted and categorized by type, usage and erosion level. The mean microplastics densities on Omega and Uchkuyevka Beach were 4,2 ± 0,95 and 2,6 ± 0,95 items m-2, accordingly. Most of micropastics items were rigid fragments (60%), polystyrene (25%) and polyethylene (15%). Number of macroplastic particles (size of 5-100 mm) by 1 m-2 ranged from 2.35 to 57, the mean abundance on Omega and Uchkuyevka beaches were 10,1 ± 0,95 and 7,3 ± 0,95, accordingly.

scholarly journals Niche partitioning of bacterial communities along the stratified water column in the Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Pavlovska ◽  
Ievgeniia Prekrasna ◽  
Evgen Dykyi ◽  
Andrii Zotov ◽  
Artem Dzhulai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
The Black Sea

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Diffusion Coefficients and Power Exponents from Single Lagrangian Trajectories

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Leonid M. Ivanov ◽  
Collins A. Collins ◽  
Tetyana Margolina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Current System ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
California Current ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
California Current System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Non Gaussian

Using discrete wavelets, a novel technique is developed to estimate turbulent diffusion coefficients and power exponents from single Lagrangian particle trajectories. The technique differs from the classical approach (Davis (1991)’s technique) because averaging over a statistical ensemble of the mean square displacement (<X2>) is replaced by averaging along a single Lagrangian trajectory X(t) = {X(t), Y(t)}. Metzler et al. (2014) have demonstrated that for an ergodic (for example, normal diffusion) flow, the mean square displacement is <X2> = limT→∞τX2(T,s), where τX2 (T, s) = 1/(T − s) ∫0T−s(X(t+Δt) − X(t))2 dt, T and s are observational and lag times but for weak non-ergodic (such as super-diffusion and sub-diffusion) flows <X2> = limT→∞≪τX2(T,s)≫, where ≪…≫ is some additional averaging. Numerical calculations for surface drifters in the Black Sea and isobaric RAFOS floats deployed at mid depths in the California Current system demonstrated that the reconstructed diffusion coefficients were smaller than those calculated by Davis (1991)’s technique. This difference is caused by the choice of the Lagrangian mean. The technique proposed here is applied to the analysis of Lagrangian motions in the Black Sea (horizontal diffusion coefficients varied from 105 to 106 cm2/s) and for the sub-diffusion of two RAFOS floats in the California Current system where power exponents varied from 0.65 to 0.72. RAFOS float motions were found to be strongly non-ergodic and non-Gaussian.

scholarly journals Computational Evaluation of Shock Wave Interaction with a Cylindrical Water Column

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4934
Author(s):  
Viola Rossano ◽  
Giuliano De Stefano
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Plane Shock ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Computational Evaluation ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Computational fluid dynamics was employed to predict the early stages of the aerodynamic breakup of a cylindrical water column, due to the impact of a traveling plane shock wave. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach was used to simulate the mean turbulent flow in a virtual shock tube device. The compressible flow governing equations were solved by means of a finite volume-based numerical method, where the volume of fluid technique was employed to track the air–water interface on the fixed numerical mesh. The present computational modeling approach for industrial gas dynamics applications was verified by making a comparison with reference experimental and numerical results for the same flow configuration. The engineering analysis of the shock–column interaction was performed in the shear-stripping regime, where an acceptably accurate prediction of the interface deformation was achieved. Both column flattening and sheet shearing at the column equator were correctly reproduced, along with the water body drift.

scholarly journals Distribution of 210Pb and 210Po in the Arctic water column during the 2007 sea-ice minimum: Particle export in the ice-covered basins

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Roca-Martí ◽  
Viena Puigcorbé ◽  
Jana Friedrich ◽  
Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff ◽  
Benjamin Rabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Water Column ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
Particle Export

scholarly journals Implications of sea-ice biogeochemistry for oceanic production and emissions of dimethyl sulfide in the Arctic

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3129-3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakase Hayashida ◽  
Nadja Steiner ◽  
Adam Monahan ◽  
Virginie Galindo ◽  
Martine Lizotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ocean Ecosystem

Abstract. Sea ice represents an additional oceanic source of the climatically active gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) for the Arctic atmosphere. To what extent this source contributes to the dynamics of summertime Arctic clouds is, however, not known due to scarcity of field measurements. In this study, we developed a coupled sea ice–ocean ecosystem–sulfur cycle model to investigate the potential impact of bottom-ice DMS and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) on the oceanic production and emissions of DMS in the Arctic. The results of the 1-D model simulation were compared with field data collected during May and June of 2010 in Resolute Passage. Our results reproduced the accumulation of DMS and DMSP in the bottom ice during the development of an ice algal bloom. The release of these sulfur species took place predominantly during the earlier phase of the melt period, resulting in an increase of DMS and DMSP in the underlying water column prior to the onset of an under-ice phytoplankton bloom. Production and removal rates of processes considered in the model are analyzed to identify the processes dominating the budgets of DMS and DMSP both in the bottom ice and the underlying water column. When openings in the ice were taken into account, the simulated sea–air DMS flux during the melt period was dominated by episodic spikes of up to 8.1 µmol m−2 d−1. Further model simulations were conducted to assess the effects of the incorporation of sea-ice biogeochemistry on DMS production and emissions, as well as the sensitivity of our results to changes of uncertain model parameters of the sea-ice sulfur cycle. The results highlight the importance of taking into account both the sea-ice sulfur cycle and ecosystem in the flux estimates of oceanic DMS near the ice margins and identify key uncertainties in processes and rates that should be better constrained by new observations.

scholarly journals Numerical investigation of the Arctic ice-ocean boundary layer; implications for air-sea gas fluxes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bigdeli ◽  
B. Loose ◽  
S. T. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Vertical Spacing

Abstract. In ice-covered regions it can be challenging to determine air-sea exchange – for heat and momentum, but also for gases like carbon dioxide and methane. The harsh environment and relative data scarcity make it difficult to characterize even the physical properties of the ocean surface. Here, we seek a mechanistic interpretation for the rate of air-sea gas exchange (k) derived from radon-deficits. These require an estimate of the water column history extending 30 days prior to sampling. We used coarse resolution (36 km) regional configuration of the MITgcm with fine near surface vertical spacing (2 m) to evaluate the capability of the model to reproduce conditions prior to sampling. The model is used to estimate sea-ice velocity, concentration and mixed-layer depth experienced by the water column. We then compared the model results to existing field data including satellite, moorings and Ice-tethered profilers. We found that model-derived sea-ice coverage is 88 to 98 % accurate averaged over Beaufort Gyre, sea-ice velocities have 78 % correlation which resulted in 2 km/day error in 30 day trajectory of sea-ice. The model demonstrated the capacity to capture the broad trends in the mixed layer although with a bias and model water velocities showed only 29 % correlation with actual data. Overall, we find the course resolution model to be an inadequate surrogate for sparse data, however the simulation results are a slight improvement over several of the simplifying assumptions that are often made when surface ocean geochemistry, including the use of a constant mixed layer depth and a velocity profile that is purely wind-driven.

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