Pain experiences of traumatically injured patients in a critical care setting

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Stanik-Hutt ◽  
KL Soeken ◽  
AE Belcher ◽  
DK Fontaine ◽  
AG Gift
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Present Pain Intensity ◽  
Level I ◽  
Pain Experiences ◽  
Pain At Rest

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the acute pain experiences of traumatically injured critically ill patients. OBJECTIVES: To describe pain experiences of traumatically injured adults during the first 72 hours of hospitalization. METHODS: Thirty multiply injured adults at a level I trauma center participated in the study. Pain was measured by using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and a visual analog scale. Subjects completed pain measures while at rest in a supine recumbent position and after a turn onto the side. RESULTS: The typical subject was 37 years old, had 4 major blunt trauma injuries, and had received the equivalent of 55.9 mg of morphine during the 24 hours before data collection. Mean at-rest scores were 26.5 on the pain-rating index, 2 on the present pain intensity index, and 34.6 on the visual analog scale. Immediately after the turn, mean scores on the visual analog scale increased from 25 to 48.1 (P = .002). Other pain scores after the turn did not differ significantly from at-rest values. Subjects who turned had lower scores on the visual analog scale at rest (P = .02) and less anxiety (P = .02) than did those who refused to turn. Ninety-six percent reported pain in the injured areas, and 36% reported pain related to biomedical devices. No relationship was found among reported pain and demographic, treatment, or clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: Additional research is needed on pain at rest and during commonly performed procedures and on improved methods for pain relief in traumatically injured critically ill patients.

A Comparison of Pain Measures Used With Patients With Fibromyalgia

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia M. Bigatti ◽  
Terry A. Cronan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Tender Point ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Pain Questionnaire

The objective of the present study was to evaluate instruments used to assess pain in patients with fibromyalgia (FMS). Participants were 602 patients with FMS. Pain was measured with five scales: a visual analog scale (VAS), the Pain Rating, Present Pain, and Number of Words Chosen Indexes from the McGill Pain Questionnaire; and intensity of pain obtained from a manual tender point exam. The VAS had the highest correlations with other measures of pain and with self-efficacy for pain, physical functioning, fatigue, and stiffness. The correlations between the VAS and fatigue and stiffness were significantly higher than those of other pain measures (p < .01). Our findings suggest that the easy-to-administer VAS may be the most useful measure of pain with patients with FMS.

Measurement of Sleep in Critically Ill Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy C. Richards ◽  
Patricia S. O’Sullivan ◽  
Robin L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Sleep Measurement

Research to evaluate interventions to promote sleep in critically ill patients has been restricted by the lack of brief, inexpensive outcome measures. This article describes the development and testing of an instrument to measure sleep in critically ill patients. A convenience sample of 70 alert, oriented, critically ill males was studied using polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard for sleep measurement, for one night. In the morning the patients completed the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), a five-item visual analog scale. Internal consistency reliability of the RCSQ was .90 and principal components factor analysis revealed a single factor (Eigenvalue = 3.61, percent variance = 72.2). The RCSQ total score accounted for approximately 33% of the variance in the PSG indicator sleep efficiency index (p < .001). The data provide support for the reliability and validity of the RCSQ.

scholarly journals Pain assessment in critically ill patients in low resource countries

2019 ◽  
pp. S83-S87
Author(s):  
Gauhar Afshan ◽  
Ali Sarfraz Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Pain At Rest

We attempted to review the published literature to find out the status of pain assessment in critically ill patients (CIPs) managing in ICUs of low resource countries. We used broad electronic database (2004-2018) from common search engines. Evidence showed that 33%-61% of the patients in ICU experienced pain at rest and among them 10%-33% of patients experienced moderate to severe pain in developed countries. Prevalence of pain is expected to be high in low resource countries due to huge disease burden of CIPs. The gold standard of pain assessment is self-reporting; however, this is not possible when patients in ICU are unable to communicate. Alternatively, Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) and Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) can be used in this population. These methods/tools are being used in developed countries, however, no evidence is available in low resource countries. The dynamic nature of pain in ICU patients justifies regular pain assessment in all ICU settings. Authors strongly recommend that pain should be objectively assessed in all ICU patients regardless of age and gender using reliable and validated tools like BPS or CPOT.Citation: Afshan G, Siddiqui S. Pain assessment in critically ill patients in low resource countries. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care 2018;22 Suppl 1:S83-S87

Optimized Perioperative Analgesia Reduces Chronic Phantom Limb Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Frequency

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 1144-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menelaos Karanikolas ◽  
Diamanto Aretha ◽  
Ioannis Tsolakis ◽  
Georgia Monantera ◽  
Panagiotis Kiekkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Perioperative Analgesia

Background Severe preamputation pain is associated with phantom limb pain (PLP) development in limb amputees. We investigated whether optimized perioperative analgesia reduces PLP at 6-month follow-up. Methods A total of 65 patients underwent lower-limb amputation and were assigned to five analgesic regimens: (1) Epi/Epi/Epi patients received perioperative epidural analgesia and epidural anesthesia; (2) PCA/Epi/Epi patients received preoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), postoperative epidural analgesia, and epidural anesthesia; (3) PCA/Epi/PCA patients received perioperative intravenous PCA and epidural anesthesia; (4) PCA/GA/PCA patients received perioperative intravenous PCA and general anesthesia (GA); (5) controls received conventional analgesia and GA. Epidural analgesia or intravenous PCA started 48 h preoperatively and continued 48 h postoperatively. The results of the visual analog scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were recorded perioperatively and at 1 and 6 months. Results At 6 months, median (minimum-maximum) PLP and P values (intervention groups vs. control group) for the visual analog scale were as follows: 0 (0-20) for Epi/Epi/Epi (P = 0.001), 0 (0-42) for PCA/Epi/Epi (P = 0.014), 20 (0-40) for PCA/Epi/PCA (P = 0.532), 0 (0-30) for PCA/GA/PCA (P = 0.008), and 20 (0-58) for controls. The values for the McGill Pain Questionnaire were as follows: 0 (0-7) for Epi/Epi/Epi (P &lt; 0.001), 0 (0-9) for PCA/Epi/Epi (P = 0.003), 6 (0-11) for PCA/Epi/PCA (P = 0.208), 0 (0-9) for PCA/GA/PCA (P = 0.003), and 7 (0-15) for controls. At 6 months, PLP was present in 1 of 13 Epi/Epi/Epi, 4 of 13 PCA/Epi/Epi, and 3 of 13 PCA/GA/PCA patients versus 9 of 12 control patients (P = 0.001, P = 0.027, and P = 0.009, respectively). Residual limb pain at 6 months was insignificant. Conclusions Optimized epidural analgesia or intravenous PCA, starting 48 h preoperatively and continuing for 48 h postoperatively, decreases PLP at 6 months.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eye-Pain Severity between Dry-Eye Subtypes

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Yamato Yoshikawa ◽  
Norihiko Yokoi ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Rieko Sakai ◽  
Aoi Komuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Eye Pain ◽  
Total Pain

The aim of this study was to assess eye pain between dry eye (DE) subtypes using questionnaires and the PainVision® (Osachi) apparatus. This study involved 52 eyes of 52 DE patients with eye pain (43 females and 9 males; mean age: 64.2 ± 13.2 (mean ± SD) years) who were classified into three DE subtypes (aqueous deficient DE (ADDE); decreased wettability DE (DWDE); and increased evaporation DE (IEDE)) based on fluorescein breakup pattern. In all subjects, severity of eye pain was evaluated using PainVision®, the DE-symptom-questionnaire visual analog scale (DSQ-VAS), and the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ-2). The severity of eye pain was compared between the three DE subtypes. PainVision® findings revealed greater severity of eye pain in ADDE and DWDE than in IEDE (p < 0.05, respectively), despite no difference being found in each questionnaire. A significant correlation was found between eye pain in DSQ-VAS and continuous pain, intermittent pain, neuropathic pain, and total pain in SF-MPQ-2 (R = 0.50, 0.49, 0.47, and 0.56, respectively) (all: p < 0.001). Greater severity of eye pain was found in ADDE and DWDE than in IEDE, and PainVision® was found useful for the objective assessment of eye pain.

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