A COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS OF BACILLUS SPHAERICUS STRAIN 1593 AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS AGAINST AEDES STIMULASS LARVAE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Wraight ◽  
Daniel Molloy ◽  
Patricia McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Toxic Material ◽  
Mean Temperature

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype H-14) and B. sphaericus strain 1593 were tested against Aedes stimulons larvae in the laboratory and in 38-cm-diam, open-ended cylinders embedded in the bottom detritus of a woodland pool. Estimates of LC50 were lower against fourth instars in the field at a mean temperature of 15.9 °C than in the laboratory at 21.1 °C. The greater efficacy in the field was attributed to high daytime water temperatures (mean 20.5 °C) following treatment and exposure of the larvae to substantially greater amounts of toxic material in a larger volume of water than in the laboratory. The regression of probit on log10 concentration was not linear over the entire range of mortality caused by B. sphaericus, increasing the difficulty of estimation of LC values. Bacillus sphaericus was significantly less active than B. thuringiensis.

Control of Mosquitoes in Catch Basins in Connecticut With Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, and Spinosad

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Anderson ◽  
Francis J. Ferrandino ◽  
Douglas W. Dingman ◽  
Andrew J. Main ◽  
Theodore G. Andreadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Catch Basins

scholarly journals THE USE OF AGENTS BASED ON THE BACTERIUM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-896
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Roslavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Mosquito control is necessary to improve the epidemic and, consequently, the sanitary and hygienic situation in human settlements. At the same time, the safest and more environmentally friendly way of controlling is not the fight against adult mosquitoes, but the treatment of reservoirs with microbiological larvicides based on entomopathogenic, aerobic, spore-forming, saprophytic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (de Barjac) (Bti). A new serotype of the bacterium B. thuringiensis was found in Israel in the Negev desert. This serotype being more active against larvae of blood-sucking and non-blood-sucking mosquitoes and midges than previously known serotypes, was named israelensis. Bti endotoxin is a typical insecticide with intestinal type of action for different mosquito species. For example, Bti H14 is highly insecticidal to the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus at very low concentrations. The parasporal body (endotoxin crystal), a crystalline protein consisted of four main polypeptides and two minor polypeptides, possesses of a larvicidal action. Larvicidal activity is associated with a synergistic effect in a combination of four polypeptides. The possibility of development of resistance to products based on Bti and Bacillus sphaericus in populations of mosquitoes (Culicidae) was investigated. The use of domestic microbiological formulations based on Bti («Baktitsid», «Larviol-pasta», and «Antinat») was shown an eradication the larvae of bloodsucking mosquitoes and midges to be possible and rational, since they are not generated resistant populations of mosquitoes. This is confirmed by more than 30 years of the use of such formulations.

Alkaline extraction of toxin from spores of the mosquito pathogen, Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth West Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Crystal Toxin ◽  
Mosquito Pathogen

Toxin was extracted from spores of the mosquito pathogen Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 using 0.05 M NaOH. The molecular weight of this toxin was 35 000–54 000. Toxic activity of this extract was resistant to a variety of enzymes including subtilisin, but was degraded by pronase. Antiserum produced to 1593 spore toxin neutralized spore toxin and cytoplasmic toxin activity, but did not react with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal toxin, nor did var. israelensis toxin antiserum react with B. sphaericus toxin. Crystallike parasporal inclusions accompanying the B. sphaericus 1593 spores were removed by NaOH extraction.

scholarly journals Conjugal Transfer of a Toxin-Coding Megaplasmid from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to Mosquitocidal Strains of Bacillus sphaericus

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1766-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Gammon ◽  
Gareth W. Jones ◽  
Steven J. Hope ◽  
Cláudia M. F. de Oliveira ◽  
Lêda Regis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Conjugal Transfer ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Loss ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Both Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produce mosquitocidal toxins during sporulation and are extensively used in the field for control of mosquito populations. All the known toxins of the latter organism are known to be encoded on a large plasmid, pBtoxis. In an attempt to combine the best properties of the two bacteria, an erythromycin resistance-marked pBtoxis plasmid was transferred to B. sphaericus by a mating technique. The resulting transconjugant bacteria were significantly more toxic to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and were able to overcome resistance to B. sphaericus in a resistant colony of Culex quinquefasciatus, apparently due to the production of Cry11A but not Cry4A or Cry4B. The stability of the plasmid in the B. sphaericus host was moderate during vegetative growth, but segregational instability was observed, which led to substantial rates of plasmid loss during sporulation.

Field Tests with the HD-1 Formulation of the δ-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Against the Cabbage Looper on Cabbage123

1971 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Dulmage ◽  
D. A. Wolfenbarger ◽  
M. J. Lukefahr ◽  
J. A. Correa
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cabbage Looper

scholarly journals Bacillus Thuringiensis: a Logical Weapon for Spruce Budworm Control

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Insect Density ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Methods Of Application

Action of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) on spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., was found to be attributable to septicemia with some enterotoxicosis. Development of a compact economical B.t. formulation, with addition of the enzyme chitinase, increased its efficiency by accelerating larval mortality. Between 1971 and 1975 field tests were conducted in balsam fir stands with different levels of insect density to select the best formulation and methods of application and to identify the major influencing environmental variables. Variability in the results prior to 1975 is attributable to difficulties with calibration of spray systems. With accurate calibration in 1976 and 1977, good results in terms of larval mortality and foliage protection were obtained, thus confirming the value of B.t. for control of spruce budworm.

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