SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF SPECIES AND CULTIVARS OF CANOLA AND MUSTARD TO INFESTATION BY ROOT MAGGOTS (DELIA SPP.) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Dosdall ◽  
M.J. Herbut ◽  
N.T. Cowle
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Short Growing Season

AbstractFour species of Cruciferae [canola species Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L., and mustard species Brassica juncea (L.) and Sinapis alba L.], and various cultivars of each species, were evaluated for susceptibilities to infestation by Delia spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) under field conditions in central Alberta, Canada. Susceptibility was measured throughout the season by recording numbers of eggs of Delia spp. laid on or near individual plants, and at the end of the season by a semi-quantitative determination of injury inflicted by larvae on taproots. Differences in susceptibility occurred among and within canola and mustard species. Plants of B. rapa were most susceptible to Delia spp.; both mean eggs per plant and mean damage ratings per plant on B. rapa significantly exceeded those of all other species studied. Intermediate susceptibility was observed for plants of B. napus and B. juncea; plants of S. alba were least susceptible. In general, differences in susceptibility were greater among species than among cultivars within species. Root damage generally correlated with oviposition among and within species, suggesting that the mechanism of resistance by cruciferous species to infestation by Delia spp. is antixenosis or nonpreference. Results of this study indicate that canola growers in regions infested annually by high population densities of Delia spp. should seed B. napus or B. juncea rather than B. rapa. However, if a short growing season necessitates seeding B. rapa, then growers should select the more resistant cultivars of this species.

Trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid in oil-extracted meals from seeds of several Brassica species and of Sinapis alba

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
G. Rakow
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Brassica Carinata

A total of 124 seed samples representing strains and cultivars of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, B. carinata, and Sinapis alba were selected for assays of trypsin inhibitor (TI) and phytic acid (PA). On an oil-extracted basis the TI values ranged from 1.26 to 5.31 units g−1. Values for B. napus ranked highest (3.58, 3.61) and B. juncea lowest (1.26, 1.39, 1.56) (P < 0.05). In a comparison of PA in three cultivars (B. napus, B. rapa, B. juncea), the cultivars differed in PA contents (2.52, 2.94, 2,70, respectively), there were no year-to-year differences over 4 yr (2.56, 2.67 2.68 vs. 2.96) but there were significant location effects (2.12, 2.21 vs. 3.04, 3.42). In a set of 10 cultivars replicated themes, B. juncea PA contents (3.35–3.91) exceeded those of B. napus (2.92, 3.06), and B. carinata (2.72, 3.15) Sinapis alba had the lowest value (2.49). Bronowski (B. napus), the gene source of all low glucosinolate cultivars, contained the most TI (5.31 units g−1) and the least PA (1.93%). Key words: Phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, Brassica, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, Sinapis alba

Assessment of seed shattering resistance and yield loss in five oilseed crops

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gan ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
S. A. Brandt ◽  
C. L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Yellow Mustard

Use of appropriate harvest management can minimize the yield loss of crucifer crops due to seed and pod shattering. This study determined the difference among five canola/mustard species in the degree of resistance to seed shattering and yield losses. Sinapis alba yellow mustard AC Base, Brassica juncea canola Amulet, Brassica juncea mustard Cutlass, Brassica rapa canola Hysyn, and Brassica napus canola InVigor 2663 were grown at Star City, Scott and Swift Current, SK, from 2004 to 2006. Seed yield was highest for napus canola (2146 kg ha-1), followed by juncea mustard (1971 kg ha-1) and juncea and rapa canola, while alba mustard (1547 kg ha-1) was the lowest. Straight combining compared with swathing resulted in 13% greater seed yield for juncea canola and juncea mustard, and 7% greater for rapa canola, while napus canola did not show yield difference between the two operation regimes. Under high shattering conditions, juncea mustard shed about 400 pods m-2, significantly greater than the four other species. Rapa canola had the lowest number of shed pods. Juncea mustard and napus canola had largest yield loss (about 7% of the total seed yield) during straight combining, followed by alba mustard (5%), and rapa and juncea canola (< 4%). Selection of shattering resistant species and use of straight combining can minimize seed yield losses in the production of crucifer oilseed crops. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, swathing, straight–combine

Mineral composition of oil-free seeds of Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea as affected by location and year

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
G. Rakow ◽  
R. K. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Cu And Zn

Three cultivars of Brassica (Westar, Brassica napus; Tobin, B. rapa; Cutlass, B. juncea) were grown in four locations in 4 successive years, with duplicate samples taken from each treatment. Harvested seed was hexane-extracted, ground and analyzed for mineral content. The average contents (mg kg−1) were: Ca, 0.64; P, 1.12; Mg, 0.56%; Cu, 6.2; Zn, 46; Fe, 188; and Mn, 55. Values for Westar and Tobin were generally similar but Cutlass contained less Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn and more Cu and Zn (P < 0.01). Locations affected all mineral levels. One location produced samples lower in Ca, P, Cu and Mn but higher in Zn than the other locations (P < 0.01). Year-to-year variability was of minor consequence. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, mineral, seed

Distribution, population density, race and type determination of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in Iran

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Salati ◽  
Robert Riggs ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The World

AbstractThe soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, found in most soybean growing regions in the world, is considered the most economically damaging pathogen of soybean worldwide. A survey conducted in the northern provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan, the main soybean-producing areas in Iran, revealed SCN was widespread in different localities of these regions. Of the 55 and 88 soil samples collected from soybean fields in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, respectively, ten (18.8%) and 23 (26%) samples were infested with H. glycines; the population densities of second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs ranged from 500 to 60 000 and 500 to ≥100 000 per 250 cm3 soil, respectively. These population densities of H. glycines are indicative of reductions in soybean yield. HG Type tests were conducted on 16 field populations. HG Type 0 (race 3) was the most common with 94% frequency, whereas HG Type 7 (race 6) was found in 6% of tested populations. Most populations of H. glycines parasitised PI88788 and PI548316. Eight of the most commonly used soybean cultivars were tested against H. glycines HG Type 0; seven of them, Sepideh, Sahar (Pershing), Gorgan 3, Williams 82, JK (Sari), BP (Telar) and Hill, had high female indices and were considered susceptible to HG Type 0. Only the cultivar DPX showed low female indices and was resistant to race 3. The initial observations showed that the first life cycle of SCN required 30-34 days in early-planted fields (late May and early June), whereas in late-planted fields (early July), white females were visible 20 days after planting. Several generations could be expected in a single growing season under field conditions in northern Iran.

Root maggots (Delia spp., Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in prairie canola (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.): Spatial and temporal surveys of root damage and prediction of damage levels

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Soroka ◽  
L. M. Dosdall ◽  
O. O. Olfert ◽  
E. Seidle
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Northern Edge

The levels of infestation and damage to canola taproots caused by crucifer-feeding root maggots (Delia spp.)(Diptera: Anthomyiidae) were determined through surveys of commercial crops across the canola growing regions of western Canada. Canola root damage caused by Delia spp. maggots was measured at the end of the season by determining the percentage of plants infested (PPI) per field and estimating average damage levels (DL, on a scale of 0 to 5) to taproots. Over the course of the survey, 2890 canola fields were sampled. Infestation by root maggots occurred wherever canola is grown in western Canada. In the study, 96% of the fields surveyed in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and 99.8% of the fields in Alberta showed evidence of root maggot feeding, with PPI much higher than in provincial surveys of a decade previously. Geographical ecoregion significantly affected both PPI and DL. The greatest amount of damage over the largest area was found in western and northwestern Alberta, although localized areas with severely damaged roots occurred along the northern edge of the entire Parkland ecoregion. Over the entire survey area, Brassica rapa L. roots had greater PPI and DL than B. napus L. roots, although species differences were not significant in Saskatchewan or Manitoba. Data from the survey were correlated with weather variables to develop a model predicting the levels of damage inflicted by root maggots to canola roots. Of the weather variables investigated, temperature, especially the average temperature in the preceding July and August, had the greatest in fluence on PPI and DL. The warmer the temperatures of the preceding July and August, the lower the PPI and DL in the current year. Likewise, previous year’s July and August precipitation influenced PPI and DL negatively. Other weather parameters had little consistent influence on PPI and DI. The predictive model for PPI and DL, developed from the 1995–1998 survey data, incorporated canola species, ecoregion, previous July-August and September-October temperatures and precipitation. The validity of the model was assessed using a set of survey data collected in Alberta from 1981 to 1983. Regression equations of predicted results on actual results were significant. However, r2 values for the regressions were low, in part because of the few ecoregions surveyed and the lack of canola species data recorded in the earlier survey, and because of the large increase in infestation levels since the earlier data were collected. The study is a first step in forecasting the effects of root maggots across a wide geographic area featuring many different canola production practices. Key words: Crucifer-feeding root maggots, Delia spp., canola, Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, pest forecasting, distribution of damage

Could Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba facilitate the control of the cabbage seed weevil in oilseed rape crops?

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Kovács ◽  
Riina Kaasik ◽  
Luule Metspalu ◽  
Ingrid H. Williams ◽  
Anne Luik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Cabbage Seed Weevil ◽  
Cabbage Seed

scholarly journals Reaction of clubroot-resistant genotypes of Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea to Polish Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes in laboratory tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-544
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Czajka ◽  
Monika Markiewicz ◽  
Beata Kowalska ◽  
Urszula Smolińska
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Macroscopic Observation ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract The Brassica genotypes selected for the experiments were previously found to be resistant to various Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes (Pb). Their interaction with pathotypes Pb2, Pb3 and Pb9 isolated in Poland was studied, using macroscopic observation for the presence of root galls, microscopic observations of P. brassicae plasmodia in the root hairs and quantitative PCR for determination of the pathogen’s quantity in plant roots and growing media. Of the Brassica genotypes studied, only B. rapa var. capitata line AABBcc was fully resistant to all the Polish pathotypes of P. brassicae. Some of the other “clubroot-resistant” genotypes tested were resistant to selected pathotypes, e.g. Brassica napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’ to Pb 2 and Pb3, Brassica oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’ to Pb2 and Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ to Pb3, but were susceptible to others. B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Bindsachsener’, B. oleracea var. acephala subvar. lacinata ‘Verheul’ and B. napus var. napus ‘Mendel F1’ were moderately to highly susceptible to all Polish P. brassicae pathotypes. These results show that the classification of virulence of P. brassicae pathotypes selected in various areas differs significantly toward the same Brasssica genotypes and puts in question the practical value of pathotype classification determined with differential sets for farmers and plant breeders. Our results showed that B. rapa var. capitata AABBcc line, B. napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’, B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’, B. rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ could be considered in Brassica breeding programmes as a source of resistance to Polish P. brassicae isolates.

Relationships among root maggot (Delia spp., Diptera: Anthomyiidae) infestation, root injury, and seed yields of canola Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-591
Author(s):  
J.J. Soroka ◽  
R.M. Weiss ◽  
L.F. Grenkow ◽  
O.O. Olfert
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Root Maggot ◽  
Seed Yields

This study investigated the relationships between numbers of Delia species (Delia spp. Rob.-Desv., Diptera: Anthomyiidae) flies or eggs and root injury levels of Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae) canola (oilseed rape), and between root injury levels and canola seed yields. Wild-collected Delia species adult flies or laboratory-obtained Delia radicum (L.) eggs were introduced into laboratory or field cages containing B. napus or B. rapa plants. The degree of root injury was strongly associated with infestation level using both flies and eggs. Linear response curves between numbers of Delia flies and root injury levels and quadrilinear response curves between numbers of D. radicum eggs and root injury levels showed that root damage increased with increasing levels of infestation; at high egg infestation levels, root damage levelled off in both Brassica species. Seed yield was not clearly related to fly or egg infestation rate, nor to ensuing root damage. No consistent yield relationship in B. napus ‘AC Excel’ was found with levels of root damage seen in the investigation. Conversely, B. rapa cultivar ‘AC Boreal’ seed yields tended to increase above uninfested controls when feeding damage was light but decreased with increased root injury. Despite procedures used to prevent infestation in Delia-free control cages, some root maggot damage was found in control cages in all 4 yr of the field study. Changes in climate, land use patterns, and cropping systems could influence the economic impact of this pest complex on canola in the future.

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