Tamarack (Pinaceae): previously unrecorded developmental host for pine engraver and southern pine engraver (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal J.K. Gandhi ◽  
Steven J. Seybold
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
Pinus Coulteri

The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), is broadly distributed across North America (Lanier 1972; Wood 1982; Seybold et al. 1995) with a host range that includes most species of Pinus L., and in rare cases, species of Picea A. Dietrich (both Pinaceae), within its range (Swaine 1918; Bright 1976; Wood 1982; Furniss and Carolin 1992). Ips pini has been recorded from Pinus banksiana Lamb., Pinus resinosa Ait., and Pinus strobus L. (eastern North America), and from three of four subspecies of Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loudon [P. c. contorta, P. c. latifolia (Engelm.) Critch., and P. c. murrayana (Balf.) Critch.], Pinus coulteri D. Don, Pinus jeffreyi Balf., Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. and C. Laws., and Pinus flexilis James (western North America) (Furniss and Carolin 1992; Seybold et al. 1995). Hopping (1964) reported I. pini on Picea rubens Sarg., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. The adult insect is intermediate in length relative to most Ips spp., ranging from 3.3 to 4.5 mm (Hopping 1964; Bright 1976; Wood 1982; USDA Forest Service 1985).

scholarly journals The host spectrum of Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup – new hosts of Dothistroma needle blight observed in theCzech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bednářová ◽  
D. Palovčíková ◽  
L. Jankovský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Pinus Aristata ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup and its anamorphic stage Dothistroma septospora (Dorog.) Morelet was detected for the first time in the territory of the Czech Republic in a consignment of imported plants of Austrian pine Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found on Pinus nigra in an open planting in a plantation of Christmas trees by the village of Jedovnice near Brno in South Moravia. In the Czech Republic, Dothi-stroma needle blight was identified on 13 species of pine. Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus mugo Turra are the most frequent hosts. In addition to these species, Dothistroma needle blight was observed on Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson, Pinus jeffreyi Grev. et Balf, Pinus banksiana Lamb., Pinus contorta Douglas, Pinus rotundata Link, Pinus leucodermis Ant. and Pinus sylvestris L. Finds on Pinus aristata Engelm., Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus heldreichii H. Christ. and Pinus cembra L. var. sibirica (Du Tour) G. Don. are a certain rarity. These species are not mentioned anywhere as potential hosts of Dothistroma needle blight. As for the species of other genera Picea pungens Engelm., Picea abies L. Karst. and last but not least Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & C. A. Mey were also observed as hosts. The host range of Dothistroma needle blight recorded in papers is noted as well.

Morphological indicators of growth response of coniferous advance regeneration to overstorey removal in the boreal forest

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Ruel ◽  
Christian Messier ◽  
Yves Claveau ◽  
René Doucet ◽  
Phil Comeau
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species

Regeneration of forest stands through the preservation of existing advance regeneration has gained considerable interest in various regions of North America. The effectiveness of this approach relies on the capacity of regeneration to respond positively to overstory removal. Responses of advance regeneration to release is dependent on tree characteristics and site conditions interacting with the degree of physiological shock caused by the sudden change in environmental conditions. This paper presents a review of the literature describing the relationships between morphological indicators and the advance regeneration response to canopy removal. It focuses primarily on the following species: jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), interior spruce (Picea glauca × engelmannii), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt). Pre-release height growth has been found to be a good indicator of post-release response for many species. Live-crown ratio also appears to be a good indicator of vigour for shade-tolerant species. The ratio of leader length to length of the longest lateral at the last whorl could serve to describe the degree of suppression before harvest for shade-tolerant species. Number of nodal and internodal branches or buds has been found to be related with vigour for many species. Logging damage has been shown to be an important determinant of seedling response to overstory removal. In contrast, height/diameter ratio has limited value for predicting response to release since it varies with site, species and other factors. No clear relationship between age, height at release and response to release could be demonstrated. This paper also suggests the use of combined indicators and critical threshold values for these indicators. Key words: advance regeneration, careful logging, vigour, clearcutting

Pissodes terminalis. [Distribution map].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pissodes terminalis Hopping. Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon, USA, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington, Wyoming).

BEHAVIOR OF IPS PINI DURING MATING, OVIPOSITION, AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1723-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Resident Male ◽  
Pine Engraver

AbstractBehavior of the pine engraver Ips pini (Say) was observed through plexiglass rearing chambers containing ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) phloem. Periods of jostling in each entrance tunnel between the resident male and entering female preceded a female’s admission to the nuptial chamber. On the average, mating was completed in 25 seconds. In the gallery, beetles walked on protibial spines, keeping their tarsi folded against their tibiae. Eggs were deposited in niches on either side of the egg gallery and covered by phloem fragments. Larvae mined at right angles to the egg gallery and formed their molting chambers by doubling back and packing frass tightly against that already in the gallery. Larvae consumed their exuviae shortly after molting. Feeding by callow adults on prepupae and pupae may be an important natural control.

Growth and crown morphological responses of boreal conifer seedlings and saplings with contrasting shade tolerance to a gradient of light and height

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Claveau ◽  
Christian Messier ◽  
Philip G Comeau ◽  
K Dave Coates
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Picea Species

The effects of gradients in light levels and tree height on growth and crown attributes of six conifer species were studied in eastern and western Canada. Three conifers were studied in British Columbia (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., and Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), and three in Quebec (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Picea glauca, and Pinus banksiana Lamb.). For several growth and morphological parameters, conifers reacted strongly to both an increase in light and tree height. Significant or nearly significant interactions between light classes and height were found for height and diameter growth of most species as well as for many crown attributes for both Abies and Picea. These interactions usually indicated that growth or morphological changes occurred with increasing height from a certain light level. Within a single genus, both eastern and western tree species showed the same overall acclimation to light and height. As generally reported, Pinus species showed less variation in growth and morphological responses to light than Abies and Picea species.

Trends in forest depletion, seed supply, and reforestation in Canada during the past four decades

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Morgenstern ◽  
B. S. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Forest Depletion ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Progress in reforestation is reviewed and the results of a 1999 survey of seed collection and utilization are presented. The review includes forest depletion, regeneration and seed supply for Canada for the 1960–99 period. Depletion of stocked, timber-productive land has increased from less than 2 million ha annually to just under 2.5 million ha, primarily due to an increase in harvesting from about 800 000 ha to slightly over 1 million ha in recent years, and also due to larger fires during the last decade. The depleted area amounts to 1% of the total commercial forest. Natural regeneration consistently covered more than 60% of the depleted area. Artificial regeneration (seeding and planting) has increased dramatically from 86 000 ha per year in 1965 to 513 000 ha in 1990, and has since levelled off at about 460 000 ha. The seed supply situation has also improved greatly, primarily due to tree improvement that resulted in the establishment of seed orchards, which were expanded from 364 ha in 1981 to 3008 ha in 1995. New analytical biochemical methods suggest that in orchard seed, genetic variation and diversity are maintained.The seed survey, including 36 conifer and 29 broadleaf species, indicated that 2.5 billion seeds were collected in 1999 (which was not a good seed year) and 3.9 billion seeds were sown. These 3.9 billion seeds appear to be sufficient to again restock approximately 460 000 ha per year, i.e., the same area as regenerated annually in the 1995–99 period. Improved seed treatment and sowing methods appear to have made seedling production substantially more efficient during the last 20 years. The major species sown in 1999 were: Picea mariana (35%), Picea glauca (22%), Pinus contorta (13%), and Pinus banksiana (12%). For Canada as a whole, 25% of the seed came from seed orchards, but for the Maritime Provinces, Québec, and Manitoba this percentage ranged from 60 to 90%. Orchard production is still growing: British Columbia and Québec will produce 80% of their planting stock from it during the next decade, and New Brunswick and British Columbia are already harvesting seed from second-generation orchards. It is expected that the high quality of seed obtained from seed orchards will contribute significantly to the efficiency of the reforestation program and increase the value of future forests. Key words: forest depletion, reforestation, seed orchards, seed supply

Fungi that cause sapstain in Canadian softwoods

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 914-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Uzunovic ◽  
D -Q Yang ◽  
P Gagné ◽  
C Breuil ◽  
L Bernier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Commercially Important

The Canadian forest products industry suffers considerable losses due to discoloration caused by sapstain fungi. Although studied for a number of years, the identity, biology, and ecology of these fungi are still only partly understood. To determine which fungi caused stain problems, a detailed survey was conducted at seven selected sawmills across Canada. In summer 1997, fresh logs and lumber were set aside in the mills 1 month prior to sampling for fungi. We excluded bark-beetle-attacked wood and our logs remained free from their attack during storage. Five commercially important softwood species, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Pinus contorta Dougl., and Pinus banksiana Lamb., were included in the studies. A total of 1863 isolates were isolated from stained and adjacent areas on test wood, and were identified based on their morphological and physiological characteristics and mating compatibility to 13 different species representing five genera. The most commonly encountered genus, Ophiostoma (97%), was represented by nine species. A more diverse range of fungi was found in logs than in lumber; some species were more frequently isolated from one type of substrate and rarely (or not at all) from the other. No fungal species occurred exclusively in a particular region or wood substrate.Key words: bluestain, lumber, logs, Ophiostoma, Ceratocystis.

THE VEGETATION OF NORTHERN MANITOBA: I. STUDIES IN THE SOUTHERN SPRUCE FOREST ZONE

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Forest Zone

It is pointed out that there are available no ecological accounts of the vegetation of Northern Manitoba and the surrounding regions. After brief accounts of the topography, geology, and climate, the communities which were met with in two areas of study are described. It is shown that the predominant and stable forest of mesic sites is dominated by Picea mariana, with a ground vegetation composed chiefly of weft-form mosses. In areas which have been burned various subseral variants of this forest are present. Pinus banksiana, as well as being a seral dominant of mesic sites, dominates various forests of outcrop ridges, sand plains, and eskers. Picea glauca is rare in the area, occurring only on those sites which show exceptionally favourable conditions of habitat. The vegetation of this region conforms with descriptions of the Southern Spruce Forest Zone of Eastern Canada, which classification might well be extended westwards at least as far as northwest Manitoba. There is some evidence that the dry climate which prevails west of the region, and for which there is slight evidence here, has influenced the flora and vegetation of the region. A description is given of a highly local community of Betula papyrifera var. neoalaskana on organic ridges which appears never to have been recorded previously for North America.

Genetic load and heterozygosity in the Pinaceae

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mitchell-Olds ◽  
Raymond P. Guries
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Lethal Equivalents ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Deleterious Genes

Lethal genetic load might be caused by a few lethal genes or by large numbers of mildly deleterious polygenes. The extent of this lethal load can be quantified as the number of "lethal equivalents" in each individual. If there are large numbers of deleterious genes scattered throughout the genome then we might expect a correlation between the number of lethal equivalents and the level of heterozygosity at isozyme marker loci. Using data from 52 isozyme loci, we estimated this correlation on 68 individuals in four conifer species (Pinus ponderosa Laws., Pinus contorta Dougl., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss., and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). No significant correlation was detected. We interpret this consistent result in four species as indicating that lethal equivalents do not represent large numbers of mildly deleterious polygenes in these forest trees.Key words: genetic load, lethal equivalent, Pinaceae, heterozygosity.

Growth and survival of Siberian larch in Alberta at the species, population, and family levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1051
Author(s):  
Andy Benowicz ◽  
Jodie Krakowski ◽  
Deogratias Rweyongeza
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Species Population

Survival and growth of Siberian larch (SL, Larix sibirica Ledeb.) were compared with those of three conifer species native to Alberta, Canada: lodgepole pine (LP; Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson), white spruce (WS, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and jack pine (JP, Pinus banksiana Lamb.) at 12, 10, and 3 trial locations, respectively. The average data age was 18 years (range: 3 to 27 years). Survival of SL averaged 4.2% and 6.5% worse than LP and WS, respectively, while it was 5% better than JP. SL grew 25%, 94%, and 23% taller than LP, WS, and JP, respectively. Stem forking rates were similar between SL and LP, WS, and JP. The best seed sources for Alberta were mature trees established in Alberta and Saskatchewan of unknown initial provenances. The Russian Altai Mountain source grew well at high elevations, while the Finnish Raivola performed well in the northern, low-elevation area. Open-pollinated progeny tests of 58 families planted in five diverse locations yielded individual-tree narrow-sense heritabilities and family mean heritabilities for height at age 15 of 0.15 and 0.59, respectively. The type B between-site genetic correlation was 0.44, indicating a strong genotype × environment interaction. SL has performed well in Alberta, and its growth can be further improved by selection and breeding from appropriate seed sources.

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