SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDAE)

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
R. H. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spots ◽  
General Ground ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
Yellowish White

General ground color semihyaline to yellowish white marked with orange or red. Vertex with semblance of three white spots more or less surrounded with orange bands. Median white spot elongated. Pronotum with median Y-shaped orange mark, touching both margins, usual angular mark behind each eye. Scutellum with spot on tip, basal angles yellow. Clavi with basal anchor-shaped mark and rectangular spot before tip. Coria with angulate vitta arising on costa midway between plaque and humeral angle, reaching to claval suture. Another irregular-sided, zigzag, vitta arising at anterior end of plaque, more or less surrounding it and ending just before base of cell M4. Black spot in posterior end of plaque and base of cell M4. Tips of tegmina more or less dusky. Cross-veins red. Venter stramineous.

SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDAE)

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
R. H. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
White Spots ◽  
General Ground ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Yellowish White

General ground color yellowish white to semihyaline, markings red or orange. Vertex with semblance of three white spots more or less surrounded with red or orange bands. Pronotum with rather short triangular median spot, not touching either margin. Usual angular spot back of each eye. Scutellum with tip red, basal angles yellow outlined on two sides with red. Clavi with usual basal anchor-shaped mark and angular mark before tip. Coria with spot on costa midway between costal plaque and humeral angle, angulate vitta at anterior end of plaque, rectangular spot opposite middle of plaque, two spots at posterior end and blotch before base of cell M4. Cross-veins red. Black spot in base of cell M4. Tips of tegmen more or less dusky. Venter stramineous more or less tinged with pink.

SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDAE)

1931 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
R. H. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Margin ◽  
White Spots ◽  
General Ground ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
Yellowish White

General ground color yellowish white to semihyaline. Color markings orange to red. Vertex with three white spots more or less surrounded with bands of color. Pronotum with almost rectangular median band touching pasterior margin and semblance of vitta from each anterior corner toward anterior margin, usual marks behind each eye. Scutellum with spot at tip, basal angles yellow more or less bordered with red or orange.

SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE)

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
R. H. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
Small Species ◽  
White Spots ◽  
General Ground ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
Reddish Orange ◽  
Yellowish White

This rather small species was named from specimens taken from apple near Lawrence, Kansas. It has since been taken from the same host near Bentonville Arkansas.General ground color semihyaline to yellowish white marked with reddish orange. Vertex with semblance of five white spots more or less surrounded with orange bands.

SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDAE)

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
R. H. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Margin ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spots ◽  
General Ground ◽  
Grape Leaf

General ground color semihyaline to white, marked with orange. Vertex with semblance of five white spots more or less surrounded with orange bands. Median white spot usually elongated and with very thin median orange line. Pronotum with median elongated spot often touuching posterior margin, usual angular spot back of each eye.

SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDAE)

1931 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 268-270
Author(s):  
R. H. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
Varying Thickness ◽  
White Spots ◽  
General Ground ◽  
Basal Half ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
Yellowish White

General ground color yellowish white to semihyaline marked with orange. Vertex with three white spots surrounded by thin orange bands. Pronotum with median U-shaped orange mark of varying thickness usually not touching either margin. Usual triangular spots back of each eye. Scutellum with tip orange, basal angles yellow more or less surrounded by orange. Clavi with well defined anchor-shaped spot in basal half and another spat just before tip.

SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDAE)

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
R. H. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
White Spots ◽  
General Ground ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
Yellowish White

General ground color semihyaline to yellowish-white marked with red or orange. Vertex with semblance of five white spots more or less surrounded with bands of color. Pronotum with a median triangular or sometimes rectangular spot not touching either margin and the usual angular spot back of each eye. Scutellum with tip red and basal angles yellow bordered with red or orange on outer margins.

SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDAE)

1931 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
R. H. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Margin ◽  
White Spots ◽  
General Ground ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
Yellowish White

General ground color yellowish white to semihyaline. Color markings red or orange. Veitex with semblance of white spots surrounded with red, heavier red spot on tip. Pronotum with median, rather small, triangular spot with U-shaped anterior margin and usual angular spots back of each eye. Scutellum with spot on tip, basal angles yellow with red dash on exterior margin of each anterior corner. Clavi with usual red basal anchor-shaped mark, often broken in middle, and quite long dash near tip.

scholarly journals Alternative reproductive strategies in black-winged territorial males of Paraphlebia zoe (Odonata, Thaumatoneuridae)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anais Rivas-Torres ◽  
Rosa Ana Sánchez-Guillén ◽  
Adolfo Cordero-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Alternative Tactics ◽  
Male Dimorphism ◽  
Territory Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Behavioural Diversity

Alternative reproductive strategies are commonly associated with male dimorphism. In Paraphlebia zoe, a species of damselfly whose males are dimorphic in wing coloration, black-and-white-winged (BW) males defend territories, while hyaline-winged (HW) males usually play the role of satellites. We found that several BW males can sometimes share a territory, and we hypothesized that within this morph there are two alternative tactics: submissive and dominant. We conducted an experiment to test whether dominant and submissive roles are plastic or stable and fixed on each individual. To this end, we manipulated black and white spots of BW males in four treatments: (i) painting over white and black spots without changing their size, (ii) erasing the white spot using black painting, (iii) increasing the black spot and moving the white spot maintaining its size and (iv) control males. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between some phenotypic variables (wing asymmetry, survival and recapture probabilities) and male behaviour (in terms of quality of the territory). We found that the two behavioural roles (submissive and dominant) were not affected by the manipulative experiments, therefore suggesting that they are stable and fixed. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between body size and survival in both sexes, and a positive effect of territory quality and lifespan on mating success. Moreover, the largest and youngest BW males were the most symmetrical. We conclude that Paraphlebia zoe holds high behavioural diversity, with two types of strategies in BW males, dominant and submissive. The occurrence of this intra-morph behavioural diversity might depend on demographic factors such as population density and/or the relative frequency of the different morphs.

Etiology of White Spot Defect in Swiss Cheese Made from Pasteurized Milk

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 718-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. NATH ◽  
B. J. KOSTAK
Keyword(s):  
Eye Development ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
White Spots

Swiss cheese made from fully pasteurized milk developed white spots during hot room stay. This cheese was bitter and eye development was generally retarded. Streptococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens was isolated in high numbers from the spot; it caused bitterness in milk cultures with complete dissolution of the milk clot. The isolate was inhibitory to propionibacteria and Lactobacillus fermentum; CO2 production by Propionibacterium was depressed in broth culture in the presence of the S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens isolate.

Specific systemic IgG1, IgG2 and IgM responses in pigs immunized with infective eggs or selected antigens of Ascaris suum

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. FRONTERA ◽  
A. CARRÓN ◽  
F. J. SERRANO ◽  
A. ROEPSTORFF ◽  
D. REINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Challenge Control

A total of 35 pigs aged 15 weeks old, and 21 pigs aged 8 weeks old were divided into 7 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were uninfected and challenge control groups, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were infected weekly with 6 increasing doses of Ascaris suum eggs, and group 4 was additionally treated with pyrantel. Groups 5, 6, and 7 were immunized weekly with the 14, 42, or 97 kDa fractions from adult worms, respectively. Animals of groups 2–7 were challenged with 10 000 A. suum eggs 7 days after the last infection/immunization. Serum was sampled weekly and specific IgG1, IgG2, and IgM responses were measured. Pigs of groups 5, 6, and 7 showed high IgG1 and IgG2 responses especially against adult worms antigens, while infected groups had high IgG1 and IgM responses, especially against larva. The IgG1 responses were negatively correlated to the numbers of larvae in the lungs, and positively associated with the liver white spot numbers. There was a positive correlation between IgG2 and the numbers of white spots and lung larvae, while IgM was negatively correlated with these parasitological measures. These findings are discussed and it is suggested that acquired resistance against A. suum larvae is correlated with the induction of IgG1 and IgM, and not with IgG2, and that future vaccination protocols may focus on inducing the Th2 activity.

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