Etiology of White Spot Defect in Swiss Cheese Made from Pasteurized Milk

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 718-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. NATH ◽  
B. J. KOSTAK
Keyword(s):  
Eye Development ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
White Spots

Swiss cheese made from fully pasteurized milk developed white spots during hot room stay. This cheese was bitter and eye development was generally retarded. Streptococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens was isolated in high numbers from the spot; it caused bitterness in milk cultures with complete dissolution of the milk clot. The isolate was inhibitory to propionibacteria and Lactobacillus fermentum; CO2 production by Propionibacterium was depressed in broth culture in the presence of the S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens isolate.

Specific systemic IgG1, IgG2 and IgM responses in pigs immunized with infective eggs or selected antigens of Ascaris suum

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. FRONTERA ◽  
A. CARRÓN ◽  
F. J. SERRANO ◽  
A. ROEPSTORFF ◽  
D. REINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Challenge Control

A total of 35 pigs aged 15 weeks old, and 21 pigs aged 8 weeks old were divided into 7 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were uninfected and challenge control groups, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were infected weekly with 6 increasing doses of Ascaris suum eggs, and group 4 was additionally treated with pyrantel. Groups 5, 6, and 7 were immunized weekly with the 14, 42, or 97 kDa fractions from adult worms, respectively. Animals of groups 2–7 were challenged with 10 000 A. suum eggs 7 days after the last infection/immunization. Serum was sampled weekly and specific IgG1, IgG2, and IgM responses were measured. Pigs of groups 5, 6, and 7 showed high IgG1 and IgG2 responses especially against adult worms antigens, while infected groups had high IgG1 and IgM responses, especially against larva. The IgG1 responses were negatively correlated to the numbers of larvae in the lungs, and positively associated with the liver white spot numbers. There was a positive correlation between IgG2 and the numbers of white spots and lung larvae, while IgM was negatively correlated with these parasitological measures. These findings are discussed and it is suggested that acquired resistance against A. suum larvae is correlated with the induction of IgG1 and IgM, and not with IgG2, and that future vaccination protocols may focus on inducing the Th2 activity.

Microabrasion: A Treatment Option For White Spots

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
MQ Souza de Barros Vasconcelos ◽  
K Almeida Vieira ◽  
M da Consolação Canuto Salgueiro ◽  
T Almeida Alfaya ◽  
C Santos Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Lateral Incisor ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Carious Lesion ◽  
Clinical Protocol ◽  
Abrasive Material ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
White Spots

The aim of the present study was to describe a clinical protocol for the treatment of white spots with the use of an abrasive material. A four-year-old patient presented with a white spot on tooth 51 and a white spot associated with a carious lesion in the cervical region of tooth 52. Treatment was planned with microabrasion and restoration of the upper right lateral incisor. Prophylaxis was first performed, followed by protection with a dental dam and the application of the abrasive material (silicon carbide and hydrochloric acid 6%). Five applications were needed to remove the spots. The restoration of the upper right lateral incisor was then performed with a resin composite. A good esthetic outcome was achieved and both the patient and her guardians were satisfied with the results. Microabrasion is a conservative treatment option that achieves satisfactory results with regard to tooth color.

Surface white spot and pitting corrosion of 316 L stainless steel

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Yi ◽  
Dajiang Zheng ◽  
Guang-Ling Song
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
White Spot ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White Spots ◽  
316 L Stainless Steel

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the concern of some stainless steel users. To understand the effect of surface white spots on corrosion performance of stainless steel. Design/methodology/approach White spots appeared on some component surfaces made of 316 L stainless steel in some industrial applications. To address the concern about the pitting performance in the spot areas, the pitting corrosion potential and corrosion resistance were measured in the spot and non-spot areas by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the two different surface characteristics were analytically compared by using optical microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and auger energy spectroscopy. The results indicated that the pitting performance of the 316 L stainless steel was not negatively influenced by the spots and the white spots simply resulted from the slightly different surface morphology in the spot areas. Findings The white spots are actually the slightly rougher surface areas with some carbon-containing species. They do not reduce the pitting resistance. Interestingly, the white spot areas even have slightly improved general corrosion resistance. Research limitations/implications Not all surface contamination or roughening can adversely affect the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Practical implications Stainless steel components with such surface white spots are still qualified products in terms of corrosion performance. Originality/value The surface spot of stainless steel was systematically investigated for the first time for its effect on corrosion resistance and the conclusion was new to the common knowledge.

Split Defect of Swiss Cheese

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. HETTINGA ◽  
G. W. REINBOLD
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Specific Activities

In a preceding paper we reported that certain strains of Propionibacterium which grow at low temperatures are able to split Swiss cheese. The metabolic characteristics of these strains differ from those of strains unable to grow and produce CO2 at low temperatures. The optimal pH for malate dehydrogenase activity of cell-free extracts of the low-temperature growing strains was 7.5, whereas it was 8.5 for strains lacking the ability to grow at low temperatures. Arrhenius plots of enzymic specific activity for lactate and malate dehydrogenases of cell-free extracts obtained from low-temperature growing strains showed greatest activities at temperatures below 10 C. At 15 C or greater, cell-free extracts of strains without low-temperature growth ability showed equal or greater lactate or malate dehydrogenase specific activities. Thus, enzymes of low-temperature growing strains showed greater capacities for activity at both lower temperatures and lower pH. These data support the hypothesis that such strains at low temperature are capable of CO2 production which creates a predisposition for Swiss cheese to split when stored at temperatures of 10 C or lower.

SPLIT DEFECT OF SWISS CHEESE

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Hettinga ◽  
G. W. Reinbold ◽  
E. R. Vedamuthu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Growth Ability

When strains of propionibacteria able to grow at 3.8 C were used in Swiss cheese manufacture, resulting 3- and 6-month-old cheeses had a high incidence of splits (6 of 13 and 10 of 13 lots, respectively). With strains lacking this low-temperature growth ability, only 1 of 10 and 2 of 10 lots of cheese split after comparable curing periods. Degree of cheese proteolysis, moisture, and sugar content could not be related to Propionibacterium strain used nor to split incidence. Carbon dioxide production in the warm (21 C) room by strains able to grow at low temperatures was essentially twice that of strains lacking this ability. This CO2 production difference between strains was maintained during subsequent cold-room curing. Type of cheese-wrapping film also affected split incidence. Commercially manufactured cheeses wrapped in four films of differing gas permeability showed a distinct tendency toward splitting in the films impermeable to oxygen.

scholarly journals Preventive Effect of Ozone on the Development of White Spot Lesions during Multibracket Appliance Therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otmar Kronenberg ◽  
Adrian Lussi ◽  
Sabine Ruf
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Multibracket Appliance ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Spot Formation

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypotheses: (1) there is no difference in the caries protective effect of ozone and Cervitec/Fluor Protector during multibracket (MB) appliance therapy, and (2) DIAGNOdent and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) are not superior to a visual evaluation of initial caries lesions. Materials and Methods: Twenty right-handed patients with a very poor oral hygiene who required full MB appliance therapy were analyzed during 26 months. In a split-mouth-design, the four quadrants of each patient were either treated with ozone, a combination of Cervitec and Fluor Protector, or served as untreated controls. The visible plaque index (VPI) and white spot formation were analyzed clinically. DIAGNOdent and QLF were used for a quantitative assessment of white spot formation. Results: The average VPI in all four dental arch quadrants amounted to 55.6% and was independent of the preventive measure undertaken. In the quadrants treated with Cervitec/Fluor Protector, only 0.7% of the areas developed new, clinically visible white spots. This was significantly (P < .05) less than in the quadrants treated with ozone (3.2%). The lesions detected with QLF only partially corresponded to the clinically detected white spots, while DIAGNOdent proved to be unable to detect any changes at all. Conclusions: The caries protective effect of Cervitec/Fluor Protector during MB therapy was superior to ozone, and a visual evaluation of initial caries lesions was superior to both DIAGNOdent and QLF.

In Vitro Interactions Between the Surfaces of Enamel White Spots and Calcifying Solutions

1976 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H.Y. Wei ◽  
James S. Wefel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Spot Formation ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

The morphological appearance of white spot enamel after treatment with various calcium phosphate and sodium fluoride solutions was examined using the scanning electron microscope. The reaction products formed after the sequential application of the calcifying solutions and a high concentration of fluoride appeared to fill in the porosity created in the enamel surface by white spot formation.

SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDAE)

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
R. H. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Margin ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spots ◽  
General Ground ◽  
Grape Leaf

General ground color semihyaline to white, marked with orange. Vertex with semblance of five white spots more or less surrounded with orange bands. Median white spot usually elongated and with very thin median orange line. Pronotum with median elongated spot often touuching posterior margin, usual angular spot back of each eye.

scholarly journals White spots on tooth enamel in mixed dentition

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana De Lourdes Sá de Lira ◽  
Nayra Rafaelle Fernandes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Enamel Structure

Aim: To determine the prevalence, etiological factors of white spots on enamel and to evaluate the treatment by microabrasion technique in schoolchildren. Method: A study was developed in children between the ages of 6 and 12 of both genders, enrolled in 3 municipal public schools. Oral examination of the children was carried out, and for those children in whom white spot lesions were found, dental treatment was provided by the microabrasion technique in the incisors and/ or first permanent molars to prevent the evolution to a caries lesion with cavitation, since the enamel structure was damaged. Results: The most affected age was 10 years with 27.8% (n = 5). In relation to the enamel surface area affected by white patches, the majority had 1% - 24% of the enamel reached. The possible etiological factors of white patches were systemic infections, trauma or caries with pulp involvement in a deciduous tooth. The treatment was effective in 16 children and for the remaining two the restorative treatment was performed. Conclusion: The prevalence of white spot lesions found in enamel was 3.95%, with a higher prevalence in females. The permanent right upper central incisor was the most affected. The treatment proved to be effective in most children possibly because the lesion is located more superficially in the enamel.KeywordsDental enamel; Enamel hypoplasia; Tooth demineralization; Enamel microabrasion.

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