A REVIEW OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF CHLOROPISCA (DIPTERA, CHLOROPIDAE),

1936 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Curtis W. Sabrosky
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Pemphigus Betae ◽  
Sugar Beet Root

Some recently discovered changes in nomenclature led to the preparation of a synopsis of the Nearctic species of Chloropisca, which is presented with notes upon the distribution as checked by the writer and a key to the eleven known species. Chloropisca sulfurifrons Duda is included with some doubt.It is rather remarkable that among a group as common as Chloropisca so little is known regarding the life history and habits. Chloropisca glabra is the only species in which the life history is well known. Its larvae are predaceous upon root aphids,and are especially important predators of the sugar beet root aphis, Pemphigus betae Doane.

Notes on Behaviour of Pemphigus betae Doane (Homoptera: Aphididae) Infected with Entomophthora aphidis Hoffm.

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 439-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
First Record ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Pemphigus Betae ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Annapolis Valley

Normally the sugar-beet root aphid, Pemphigus betae Doane, lives and feeds on sugar-beet roots below ground during the summer and fall. However, in many beet fields between Lethbridge and Monarch, Alberta, in September, 1956, a large number of these aphids were found on the soil surface and on the crowns and leaves of the plants. Many of the aphids had crawled up the plants and, even after death, remained clinging to the leaves (Fig. 1). This clinging reaction seemed similar to that of grasshoppers infected with Entomophthora grylli Fresen. Mr. R. B. Baird, Entomology Laboratory, Canada Department of Agriculture, Belleville, Ontario, identified the organism causing the disease destroying these aphids as Entomophthora aphidis Hoffm. This is the first record of this disease killing subterranean aphids in Canada. The only other reports of E. aphidis on root aphids are those of Maxson (1916) in Colorado and Charles (1941) in California. In Canada, it has been previously reported as a factor in control of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia (MacLeod, 1953).

Life History of the Sugar-Beet Root Maggot Tetanops myopaeformis (Röder) (Diptera: Otitidae) in Southern Alberta

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Tetanops Myopaeformis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Root Maggot

Sugar beets are grown on approximately 38,000 acres of irrigated land in southern Alberta and their culture is a stabilizing influence on the economy of the irrigated districts. The sugar-beet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Röder), has been a pest of sugar heets in the sandy soil areas of southern Alberta since 1955 and caused serious damage in the same area from 1934 to 1937. This insect has been a problem also in Manitoba, North Dakota, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado (Allen et al., 1959; Callenbach et al., 1957; Hawley, 1922; Jones et al., 1952; Maxson, 1948). Considerable experimental work has been done on the control of this pest in Alberta (Harper et al., 1961a; Harper et al., 1961b; Lilly et al., 1961), but there have been no detailed studies published on the life history of the insect in Canada and there is very little information from elsewhere. In 1922 Hawley published notes on the biology of the insect in Utah. The present paper describes the life history of T. myopaeformis in southern Alberta.

Sugar-Beet Root Aphid, Pemphigus betae Doane (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Southern Alberta

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Pemphigus Betae ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Poplar Tree

AbstractIn southern Alberta the fundatrix of P. betae hatches from the overwintered egg in late April and early May and feeds on an emerging leaf of P. angustifolia or P. balsamifera, forming a gall. In the gall it produces alate fundatrigeniae, which migrate from the poplars to beets and produce apterous alienicolae. This form of the aphid reduces both yield and sugar content of beet roots. During the summer several generations of alienicolae are produced. In the fall most of the alienicolae produce sexuparae. These migrate from beets to poplars, where they produce males and oviparae. Each fertilized ovipara lays a single egg on the bark of a poplar tree. The species may overwinter as eggs on the poplars or as alienicolae in the soil. The egg has an obligatory diapause that is terminated by exposure to low temperature. The fungatrigeniae migrate from late June to mid-August and the sexuparae from early September to late October. The potential reproductive capacities of the fundatrix, fundatrigenia, sexupara, and ovipara averaged 163, 13, 6, and 1, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions 20 aphids (alienicolae) produced 9,000 in 6 weeks when the soil temperature was maintained at 27 °C. Below 15 °C. the rate of reproduction was low and death was caused by exposure to 30 °C. for 6 weeks. The most important predators of P. betae were the anthocorid A. antevolens, the flies S. bigelowi, L. pemphigae and T. glabra, and a coccinellid Scymnus sp.

Varietal Resistance of Sugar Beets to the Sugar-beet Root Aphid Pemphigus betae Doane (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Pemphigus Betae ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractTwo leaf-spot- and spider-mite-resistant varieties of sugar beets, GW 674 and GW 359, exhibited resistance to the development of populations of the sugar-beet root aphid, P. betae. GW 674 is a selection of GW 359 but has higher sugar content and greater leaf-spot resistance. Nine other varieties were susceptible to root aphid infestations.

Computing Model for Vibratory Digging-Out of Sugar Beet Roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
V. Bulgakov ◽  
V. Adamchuk ◽  
H. Kaletnyk
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Forward Motion ◽  
Admissible Velocity ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Optimum Speed ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
The Given

The new design mathematical model of the sugar beet roots vibration digging-out process with the plowshare vibration digging working part has been created. In this case the sugar beet root is simulated as a solid body , while the plowshare vibration digging working part accomplishes fl uctuations in the longitudinal - vertical plane with the given amplitude and frequency in the process of work . The aim of the current research has been to determine the dependences between the design and kinematic parameters of the sugar beet roots vibra- tion digging-out technological process from soil , which provide the ir non-damage. Methods . For the aim ac- complishment, the methods of design mathematical models constructing based on the classical laws of me- chanics are applied. The solution of the obtained differential equations is accomplished with the PC involve- ment. Results . The differential equations of the sugar beet root’s motion in course of the vibration digging-out have been comprised . They allow to determine the admissible velocity of the vibration digging working part’s forward motion depending on the angular parameters of the latter. In the result of the computational simula- tion i.e., the solution of the obtained analytical dependence by PC, the graphic dependences of the admissible velocity of plowshare v ibration digging working part’s forward motion providing the extraction of the sugar beet root from soil without the breaking-off of its tail section have been determined. Conclusions . Due to the performed analytical research , it has been established that γ = 13 ... 16 ° , β = 20 ... 30 ° should be considered as the most reasonable values of γ and β angles of the vibration digging working part providing both its forward motion optimum speed and sugar beet root digging-out from the soil without damage . On the ground of the data obtained from the analytical rese arch, the new vibration digging working parts for the sugar beet roots have been designed; also the patents of Ukraine for the inventions have been obtained for them.

scholarly journals Control of Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Canola in Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
Prashant Jha
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Control Volunteer ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola volunteers in GR sugar beet is a management concern for growers in the Northern Great Plains. Field experiments were conducted at the Southern Agricultural Research Center near Huntley, MT, in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Single POST application of triflusulfuron methyl alone at the two-leaf stage of sugar beet was more effective at 35 compared with 17.5 g ai ha−1. However, rate differences were not evident when triflusulfuron methyl was applied as a sequential POST (two-leaf followed by [fb] six-leaf stage of sugar beet) program (17.5 fb 17.5 or 35 fb 35 g ha−1). Volunteer GR canola plants in the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments produced little biomass (11 to 15% of nontreated plots) but a significant amount of seeds (160 to 661 seeds m−2). Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha−1) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha−1) provided effective control (94 to 98% at 30 d after treatment [DAT]), biomass reduction (97%), and seed prevention of volunteer GR canola. There was no additional advantage of adding either desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate premix (44.7 g ha−1) or ethofumesate (140 g ha−1) to the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–only treatments. The sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha−1) treatment provided poor volunteer GR canola control at 30 DAT, and the noncontrolled plants produced 6,361 seeds m−2, which was comparable to the nontreated control (7,593 seeds m−2). Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments reduced GR sugar beet root and sucrose yields to 18 and 20%, respectively. Consistent with GR canola control, sugar beet root and sucrose yields were highest (95 and 91% of hand-weeded plots, respectively) when the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha−1) PRE. Growers should utilize these effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Because of high canola seed production potential, as evident from this research, control efforts should be aimed at preventing seed bank replenishment of the GR canola volunteers.

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