Mating Behaviour of the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

AbstractExperiments and observations on Oriental fruit moths in cages and in a peach orchard showed that both males and females may mate more than once. The maximum recorded number of matings was 7 for males and 5 for females. Mating usually occurred in the late afternoon and early evening during the daily flight and egg-laying period. Males seldom mated oftener than once in 24 hours and they transferred only one spermatophore to the female per mating. In cages, males mated approximately 1.4 times each when confined with equal numbers of females. Of the females taken in bait traps in a peach orchard, an average of 2.9% had not mated, 78.8% had mated once, 14.6% twice, and 3.7% more than twice. The mating behaviour of the Oriental fruit moth was shown to be similar to that of the codling moth.

Download Full-text

The Strawberry Leaf Roller, Ancylis comptana fragariae (Walsh and Riley) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), as a Source of Overwintered Macrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Ontario

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent951022-10 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 95 (10) ◽

pp. 1022-1023

Author(s):

Wm. L. Putman

Keyword(s):

Oriental Fruit Moth ◽

Leaf Roller ◽

Grapholitha Molesta ◽

Peach Orchard

AbstractMacrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer overwintered in larvàe of the strawberry leaf roller, Ancylis comptana fragariae (Walsh & Riley), at the rate of from 544 to 7,623 per acre of strawberry field. Not more than 300 per acre of peach orchard, could be expected to overwinter in larvae of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). About half of the larvae of M. ancylivorus in leaf rollers did not survive the winter.

Download Full-text

STUDIES OF FECUNDITY AND BEHAVIOUR OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), ON THE NIAGARA PENINSULA OF ONTARIO

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1011024-10 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 101 (10) ◽

pp. 1024-1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. H. H. Phillips ◽

Jean R. Proctor

Keyword(s):

Intraspecific Competition ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Oriental Fruit Moth ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Egg Mortality ◽

Grapholitha Molesta ◽

Three Generations ◽

Newly Hatched Larvae ◽

Peach Trees ◽

Peach Orchard

AbstractUnsprayed apple trees measurably increased the numbers of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), in adjacent peach trees in only 1 of 4 years, though the apples were rather heavily infested. The moth became evenly dispersed throughout a previously uninfected peach orchard within three generations. Caged orchard trees were unsatisfactory for studying behaviour because the environment within the cages differed from that in the orchard. Experimental studies indicated that fecundity of the females was variable between years and generations and a varying proportion laid no eggs. Intraspecific competition between newly hatched larvae occurred at low egg densities; egg mortality was small but mortality of newly hatched larvae was large.

Download Full-text

RANGE OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA, IN APPLES AND PEACHES IN ONTARIO

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent99587-6 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 587-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. G. Dustan

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

First Generation ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Oriental Fruit Moth ◽

Winter Mortality ◽

Apple Orchards ◽

Grapholitha Molesta ◽

Peach Orchard

AbstractSurveys in unsprayed apple orchards indicated that the oriental fruit moth, whose principal hosts are peach and apple, does not occur in continuing populations on apple beyond the range of commercial peach orchards in Ontario. Moths released in an apple orchard 25 mi from the nearest peach orchard did not result in an infestation after the first winter. High winter mortality due to low temperatures and the unsuitability of apple for the first generation of the moth probably are the main reasons it does not establish continuing infestation on apple alone.

Download Full-text

EMERGENCE AND CALLING RHYTHMS, AND MATING BEHAVIOUR OF THE ORANGE WHEAT BLOSSOM MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent124501-3 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 124 (3) ◽

pp. 501-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kenneth A. Pivnick ◽

Edith Labbé

Keyword(s):

Mating Behaviour ◽

Daily Rhythm ◽

Field Observations ◽

Male And Female ◽

Late Afternoon ◽

Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽

Calling Behaviour ◽

Early Evening ◽

Wing Vibration ◽

Wheat Blossom Midge

AbstractIn laboratory and field observations, male and female orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), emerged in late afternoon and early evening, with males emerging 1–2 h before females on average within a given day. Under laboratory conditions, males also emerged on average 0–3 days before females in three different experiments. Within 1 h of emergence, virgin females began to extend their ovipositors much of the time. This behaviour ceased upon mating, and was presumed to be calling behaviour: behaviour associated with pheromone release. Calling behaviour exhibited a daily rhythm both under controlled and field conditions. Females gradually increased the time spent calling in the last few hours of the photophase and called more than two-thirds of the time during the scotophase. Mating was preceded by wing vibration in the male prior to and during a walking approach. Receptive females spread their wings which facilitated mating. Mean duration of mating was 171 ± 15 s (±SE).

Download Full-text

PARASITISM OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN AN UNSPRAYED PEACH ORCHARD ON THE NIAGARA PENINSULA, ONTARIO

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1021395-11 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 102 (11) ◽

pp. 1395-1404 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. H. H. Phillips ◽

Jean R. Proctor

Keyword(s):

Dominant Species ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Oriental Fruit Moth ◽

Population Fluctuations ◽

Moth Population ◽

Grapholitha Molesta ◽

First And Second Generation ◽

Peach Orchard

Abstract Eight species of insects parasitic on the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), were reared from host larvae collected in a peach orchard that was unsprayed since 1962. Macrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer was the dominant species and parasitized between 40 and 50% of first and second generation larvae from 1964 to 1966. Despite this the parasite did not appear to be a controlling factor in these years and population fluctuations of the fruit moth resulted from other causes. In 1967 parasitism rose sharply to 61% in the first generation and 74% in the second. Low adult emergence in the second generation was related directly to the increased parasitism. Effectiveness of the parasite depended both on its numbers and degree of synchronization with the development of the moth population. To determine its total effect parasitism must be measured throughout each generation of the fruit moth, because in most years it tended to reach a maximum early in the generation and then gradually decline.

Download Full-text

Effects of trap height, location, and spacing on pheromone-baited trap catch efficacy for oriental fruit moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a peach orchard

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2014.20 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 146 (6) ◽

pp. 684-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

W.N. Kong ◽

R.S. Hu ◽

Z.G. Zhao ◽

J. Li ◽

Z.W. Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oriental Fruit Moth ◽

Trap Catch ◽

Grapholitha Molesta ◽

Trap Height ◽

Trap Location ◽

Trap Catches ◽

Peach Orchard

AbstractThe establishment of standardised methods for monitoring the oriental fruit moth Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) requires the identification of factors that significantly affect trap catch efficacy. We examined the effects of trap height, trap location, and inter-trap spacing on trap catches in a conventional peach orchard. Traps were placed at heights of up to 3.0 m above the ground and sets of nine traps were positioned in grids with inter-trap distances of 10–50 m to determine the optimum trap height, location, and spacing. Traps were checked daily over 10 days for males during four periods corresponding to peak moth flight. Moth catches were higher when traps were placed toward the tops (2.5 m) and outside the canopy (3.0 m). Moth catches in traps located upwind and outside tended to be higher than in the central trap for all inter-trap distances. When inter-trap distances were shorter than 30 m, interference between traps occurred. Our results provide an efficient trap distribution for monitoring G. molesta in peach orchards.

Download Full-text

Tagging the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) with Radioactive Phosphorus for Flight and Dispersal Studies

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent97810-8 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 97 (8) ◽

pp. 810-816 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. G. Dustan

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Water Solution ◽

Total Radioactivity ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Oriental Fruit Moth ◽

Radioactive Phosphorus ◽

Grapholitha Molesta ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Isotope Decay

AbstractLarge numbers of Oriental fruit moth adults were successfully tagged (500 or more counts per minute) by holding them for 24–48 hr. in cages provided with cotton wicks moistened with a water-solution of P32 at 20 microcuries per millilitre. The addition of sugar to the tagging solution did not increase its effectiveness. Approximately 80% of the total radioactivity of the tagged moths was internal due to ingested liquid and the remainder was on the surface of their bodies; 73% of the total was in and on the abdomen. The loss in radioactivity of tagged moths in 1–6 days was 2.2–4.7 times greater than the theoretical loss due to isotope decay alone. The highest rate of loss occurred during the first day, probably through excretion before the P32 was absorbed from the digestive tract. Egg laying contributed to loss of radioactivity. Though water and liquid bait removed some P32 from tagged moths this did not result in appreciable contamination of other moths trapped in the liquids.Attempts to tag large numbers of moths (400–1000 per cage) for release and recovery experiments were only partially successful as the radioactivities attained by individual moths varied widely at different times and from cage to cage, even under the same environmental conditions. This appeared to be partly due to differences in the feeding behaviour of different batches of moths and it may have been influenced by the conditions under which they were reared.

Download Full-text

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN AN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARD

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent102454-4 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 102 (4) ◽

pp. 454-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. H. H. Phillips ◽

Jean R. Proctor

Keyword(s):

Sampling Methods ◽

Oriental Fruit Moth ◽

Destructive Sampling ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Grapholitha Molesta ◽

Satisfactory Method ◽

Peach Orchard

AbstractMethods of sampling to measure factors affecting fluctuations of a population of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), on the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario were investigated from 1963 to 1967 in peach orchards in which no insecticides were used during the study. In most years females tended to be distributed evenly throughout the orchard and even at low fruit moth densities the trees were relatively evenly infested. Several sampling methods gave estimates of the numbers of larvae overwintering in the orchard only within wide limits but indicated that the numbers were probably small in all years. Eggs could be sampled but it was not practicable at the low densities of the moth in this study. No satisfactory method of sampling summer cocoons or adults was found. Destructive sampling of the larvae, in which they were removed from the trees and reared to maturity on green apples, gave the most precise estimates of numbers in each generation. The method also gave a measure of mortality, parasitism, and times and duration of each generation.

Download Full-text