Effects of trap height, location, and spacing on pheromone-baited trap catch efficacy for oriental fruit moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a peach orchard

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Kong ◽  
R.S. Hu ◽  
Z.G. Zhao ◽  
J. Li ◽  
Z.W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractThe establishment of standardised methods for monitoring the oriental fruit moth Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) requires the identification of factors that significantly affect trap catch efficacy. We examined the effects of trap height, trap location, and inter-trap spacing on trap catches in a conventional peach orchard. Traps were placed at heights of up to 3.0 m above the ground and sets of nine traps were positioned in grids with inter-trap distances of 10–50 m to determine the optimum trap height, location, and spacing. Traps were checked daily over 10 days for males during four periods corresponding to peak moth flight. Moth catches were higher when traps were placed toward the tops (2.5 m) and outside the canopy (3.0 m). Moth catches in traps located upwind and outside tended to be higher than in the central trap for all inter-trap distances. When inter-trap distances were shorter than 30 m, interference between traps occurred. Our results provide an efficient trap distribution for monitoring G. molesta in peach orchards.

The Strawberry Leaf Roller, Ancylis comptana fragariae (Walsh and Riley) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), as a Source of Overwintered Macrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Ontario

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1022-1023
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractMacrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer overwintered in larvàe of the strawberry leaf roller, Ancylis comptana fragariae (Walsh & Riley), at the rate of from 544 to 7,623 per acre of strawberry field. Not more than 300 per acre of peach orchard, could be expected to overwinter in larvae of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). About half of the larvae of M. ancylivorus in leaf rollers did not survive the winter.

Mating Behaviour of the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Dustan
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Bait Traps ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractExperiments and observations on Oriental fruit moths in cages and in a peach orchard showed that both males and females may mate more than once. The maximum recorded number of matings was 7 for males and 5 for females. Mating usually occurred in the late afternoon and early evening during the daily flight and egg-laying period. Males seldom mated oftener than once in 24 hours and they transferred only one spermatophore to the female per mating. In cages, males mated approximately 1.4 times each when confined with equal numbers of females. Of the females taken in bait traps in a peach orchard, an average of 2.9% had not mated, 78.8% had mated once, 14.6% twice, and 3.7% more than twice. The mating behaviour of the Oriental fruit moth was shown to be similar to that of the codling moth.

STUDIES OF FECUNDITY AND BEHAVIOUR OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), ON THE NIAGARA PENINSULA OF ONTARIO

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips ◽  
Jean R. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractUnsprayed apple trees measurably increased the numbers of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), in adjacent peach trees in only 1 of 4 years, though the apples were rather heavily infested. The moth became evenly dispersed throughout a previously uninfected peach orchard within three generations. Caged orchard trees were unsatisfactory for studying behaviour because the environment within the cages differed from that in the orchard. Experimental studies indicated that fecundity of the females was variable between years and generations and a varying proportion laid no eggs. Intraspecific competition between newly hatched larvae occurred at low egg densities; egg mortality was small but mortality of newly hatched larvae was large.

Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orkun B. Kovanci ◽  
Coby Schal ◽  
F. Walgenbach ◽  
George G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Trap Catches

RANGE OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA, IN APPLES AND PEACHES IN ONTARIO

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Dustan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractSurveys in unsprayed apple orchards indicated that the oriental fruit moth, whose principal hosts are peach and apple, does not occur in continuing populations on apple beyond the range of commercial peach orchards in Ontario. Moths released in an apple orchard 25 mi from the nearest peach orchard did not result in an infestation after the first winter. High winter mortality due to low temperatures and the unsuitability of apple for the first generation of the moth probably are the main reasons it does not establish continuing infestation on apple alone.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STICKY TRAP CATCHES AND EMERGENCE OF PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (WEED) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (S146) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Interior Zone ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spring Emergence

AbstractThe relationship between yellow sticky trap catches of Pholetesor (= Apanteles) ornigis (Weed) and its emergence during the first two of its three yearly emergence periods was examined using four trap locations in five commercial apple orchards in Norfolk County, Ont., during 1984 and 1985. Orchards were divided into two zones: the border row of trees (= peripheral zone) and all trees within the border row (= interior zone). Traps were positioned within and below the tree canopy in the two zones.The sensitivity of the yellow traps to first male and female spring emergence was similar. Trap location had no obvious effect on the relationship between first spring emergence and first spring trap catch of males and females. The traps were similar in sensitivity to peak male and female spring emergence. Trap location affected the relationship between peak male emergence and peak male trap catch during the spring emergence period; the number of parasites caught on traps placed below the tree in the interior zone was the best indicator of peak male emergence. Trap location did not affect the relationship between peak female emergence and peak female trap catch during the spring emergence period.The yellow traps were more sensitive to male than to female first emergence during the first summer emergence period. During this emergence period, trap location had no obvious effect on the relationship between first emergence and first trap catch of males and females. The traps were more sensitive to peak male than to peak female emergence during the first summer emergence period. The number of male parasites caught on traps placed within the tree in the peripheral zone gave the best indication of peak male emergence during the first summer emergence period. The most accurate indication of peak female emergence was given by the number of female parasites caught on traps placed within or below the tree in the interior zone of the orchard.During the spring emergence period, few parasites were caught after emergence was complete, whereas during the first summer emergence period, relatively large numbers of parasites were sometimes caught up to 2 weeks after emergence was complete.The application of the results for monitoring P. ornigis emergence is discussed.

PARASITISM OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN AN UNSPRAYED PEACH ORCHARD ON THE NIAGARA PENINSULA, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips ◽  
Jean R. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Peach Orchard

Abstract Eight species of insects parasitic on the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), were reared from host larvae collected in a peach orchard that was unsprayed since 1962. Macrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer was the dominant species and parasitized between 40 and 50% of first and second generation larvae from 1964 to 1966. Despite this the parasite did not appear to be a controlling factor in these years and population fluctuations of the fruit moth resulted from other causes. In 1967 parasitism rose sharply to 61% in the first generation and 74% in the second. Low adult emergence in the second generation was related directly to the increased parasitism. Effectiveness of the parasite depended both on its numbers and degree of synchronization with the development of the moth population. To determine its total effect parasitism must be measured throughout each generation of the fruit moth, because in most years it tended to reach a maximum early in the generation and then gradually decline.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN AN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARD

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips ◽  
Jean R. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractMethods of sampling to measure factors affecting fluctuations of a population of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), on the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario were investigated from 1963 to 1967 in peach orchards in which no insecticides were used during the study. In most years females tended to be distributed evenly throughout the orchard and even at low fruit moth densities the trees were relatively evenly infested. Several sampling methods gave estimates of the numbers of larvae overwintering in the orchard only within wide limits but indicated that the numbers were probably small in all years. Eggs could be sampled but it was not practicable at the low densities of the moth in this study. No satisfactory method of sampling summer cocoons or adults was found. Destructive sampling of the larvae, in which they were removed from the trees and reared to maturity on green apples, gave the most precise estimates of numbers in each generation. The method also gave a measure of mortality, parasitism, and times and duration of each generation.

Field evaluation of host kairomones and pheromones for capture of Conophthorus coniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Brauner ◽  
P. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Female Response ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Equivalent Efficacy ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Conophthorus Coniperda

AbstractField studies were conducted to determine the attractiveness of monoterpenes and pheromones to the white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz), the most destructive cone and seed pest of eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae). Limonene was identified as a new attractant that acts synergistically when added to the female-produced sex pheromone, pityol. Trap catches were higher with increasing release rates of S-(–)-limonene. The enantiomers of limonene showed equivalent efficacy on mean trap catch. (–)-β-Pinene was not attractive and may be repellent to both sexes, and (–)-α-pinene was shown to have no effect on female response when added to pityol or pityol + S-(–)-limonene. The pheromones trans-verbenol, trans-pinocarveol, and myrtenol were not attractive to C. coniperda.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PHEROMONE TRAP DENSITY AND TRAP MAINTENANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDIZED MONITORING PROCEDURES FOR THE CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Riedl
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Trap Density ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Moth Scales ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractPheromone trap density is one factor which influences the magnitude of catch and therefore, should be standardized in a monitoring program. Trap catch increased with the area served by a trap, but reached a plateau when the trap density fell below one trap per 7 ha. From these data a quadratic regression was developed which relates the relative increase in trap catch to trap area. This relationship can be used to compare monitoring data obtained with different trap densities.The number of moths previously caught in a sticky trap can affect its future performance. In the Pherocon® 2 trap catches began to decline after a cumulative total of 20 to 30 moths and in the Pherocon 1CP after 50 to 70 moths. The catch totals causing a drop in trapping efficiency were correlated with the size of the adhesive catch surface. The cause for the loss in trapping efficiency appeared to be physical deterioration of the adhesive due to moth scales, other insect parts, or dust rather than an olfactory repellent factor. Trapping efficiency was restored by thoroughly stirring the soiled adhesive. Standard maintenance procedures should be followed to keep the adhesive quality of the catch surface constant and thereby prevent a reduction in catches. Tests with two pheromone dispensers, the Codlemone® rubber septum and the Conrel® microfibres, indicated that both are effective for at least 6 weeks. Codlemone septa resulted in higher catches during the first week of field use. During subsequent weeks there was no difference in attractiveness between the two pheromone lures.

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