STUDIES OF FECUNDITY AND BEHAVIOUR OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), ON THE NIAGARA PENINSULA OF ONTARIO

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips ◽  
Jean R. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractUnsprayed apple trees measurably increased the numbers of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), in adjacent peach trees in only 1 of 4 years, though the apples were rather heavily infested. The moth became evenly dispersed throughout a previously uninfected peach orchard within three generations. Caged orchard trees were unsatisfactory for studying behaviour because the environment within the cages differed from that in the orchard. Experimental studies indicated that fecundity of the females was variable between years and generations and a varying proportion laid no eggs. Intraspecific competition between newly hatched larvae occurred at low egg densities; egg mortality was small but mortality of newly hatched larvae was large.

The Strawberry Leaf Roller, Ancylis comptana fragariae (Walsh and Riley) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), as a Source of Overwintered Macrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Ontario

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1022-1023
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractMacrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer overwintered in larvàe of the strawberry leaf roller, Ancylis comptana fragariae (Walsh & Riley), at the rate of from 544 to 7,623 per acre of strawberry field. Not more than 300 per acre of peach orchard, could be expected to overwinter in larvae of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). About half of the larvae of M. ancylivorus in leaf rollers did not survive the winter.

Mating Behaviour of the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Dustan
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Bait Traps ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractExperiments and observations on Oriental fruit moths in cages and in a peach orchard showed that both males and females may mate more than once. The maximum recorded number of matings was 7 for males and 5 for females. Mating usually occurred in the late afternoon and early evening during the daily flight and egg-laying period. Males seldom mated oftener than once in 24 hours and they transferred only one spermatophore to the female per mating. In cages, males mated approximately 1.4 times each when confined with equal numbers of females. Of the females taken in bait traps in a peach orchard, an average of 2.9% had not mated, 78.8% had mated once, 14.6% twice, and 3.7% more than twice. The mating behaviour of the Oriental fruit moth was shown to be similar to that of the codling moth.

RANGE OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA, IN APPLES AND PEACHES IN ONTARIO

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Dustan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractSurveys in unsprayed apple orchards indicated that the oriental fruit moth, whose principal hosts are peach and apple, does not occur in continuing populations on apple beyond the range of commercial peach orchards in Ontario. Moths released in an apple orchard 25 mi from the nearest peach orchard did not result in an infestation after the first winter. High winter mortality due to low temperatures and the unsuitability of apple for the first generation of the moth probably are the main reasons it does not establish continuing infestation on apple alone.

PARASITISM OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN AN UNSPRAYED PEACH ORCHARD ON THE NIAGARA PENINSULA, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips ◽  
Jean R. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Peach Orchard

Abstract Eight species of insects parasitic on the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), were reared from host larvae collected in a peach orchard that was unsprayed since 1962. Macrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer was the dominant species and parasitized between 40 and 50% of first and second generation larvae from 1964 to 1966. Despite this the parasite did not appear to be a controlling factor in these years and population fluctuations of the fruit moth resulted from other causes. In 1967 parasitism rose sharply to 61% in the first generation and 74% in the second. Low adult emergence in the second generation was related directly to the increased parasitism. Effectiveness of the parasite depended both on its numbers and degree of synchronization with the development of the moth population. To determine its total effect parasitism must be measured throughout each generation of the fruit moth, because in most years it tended to reach a maximum early in the generation and then gradually decline.

Effects of trap height, location, and spacing on pheromone-baited trap catch efficacy for oriental fruit moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a peach orchard

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Kong ◽  
R.S. Hu ◽  
Z.G. Zhao ◽  
J. Li ◽  
Z.W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractThe establishment of standardised methods for monitoring the oriental fruit moth Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) requires the identification of factors that significantly affect trap catch efficacy. We examined the effects of trap height, trap location, and inter-trap spacing on trap catches in a conventional peach orchard. Traps were placed at heights of up to 3.0 m above the ground and sets of nine traps were positioned in grids with inter-trap distances of 10–50 m to determine the optimum trap height, location, and spacing. Traps were checked daily over 10 days for males during four periods corresponding to peak moth flight. Moth catches were higher when traps were placed toward the tops (2.5 m) and outside the canopy (3.0 m). Moth catches in traps located upwind and outside tended to be higher than in the central trap for all inter-trap distances. When inter-trap distances were shorter than 30 m, interference between traps occurred. Our results provide an efficient trap distribution for monitoring G. molesta in peach orchards.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN AN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARD

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips ◽  
Jean R. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractMethods of sampling to measure factors affecting fluctuations of a population of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), on the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario were investigated from 1963 to 1967 in peach orchards in which no insecticides were used during the study. In most years females tended to be distributed evenly throughout the orchard and even at low fruit moth densities the trees were relatively evenly infested. Several sampling methods gave estimates of the numbers of larvae overwintering in the orchard only within wide limits but indicated that the numbers were probably small in all years. Eggs could be sampled but it was not practicable at the low densities of the moth in this study. No satisfactory method of sampling summer cocoons or adults was found. Destructive sampling of the larvae, in which they were removed from the trees and reared to maturity on green apples, gave the most precise estimates of numbers in each generation. The method also gave a measure of mortality, parasitism, and times and duration of each generation.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

scholarly journals Особливості біології та шкідливості вічкової галиці (Thomasiniana Oculiperda Rubs.) і захист від неї саджанців яблуні в розсаднику Лісостепу України

2015 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Ю. П. Яновський ◽  
С. В. Cуханов ◽  
В. П. Гричанюк
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Pest Infestation

Наведено результати досліджень з уточнення біо-логічних особливостей вічкової галиці (Thomasinianaoculiperda Rubs.) у розсаднику яблуні в зоні ЛісостепуУкраїни. Встановлено, що зимують личинки в грунтіна глибині 4–5 см, відродження яких спостерігаєтьсяв кінці першої–на початку другої декади квітня, азалялькування – в кінці другої – на початку третьоїдекади квітня. Літ дорослих самок відбувається удругій половині травня – першій половині червня. Че-рез 8–10 днів з’являються личинки, які пошкоджують29,8–37,7 % защеплених бруньок («вічок»). За веґета-ційний період шкідник розвивається у трьох поколін-нях. Для розвитку одного покоління шкідника необ-хідна сума ефективних температур від 274,3°С до290,6°С (нижній поріг складає 15,6°С). Вивчено тех-нічну ефективність застосування препаратів у захис-ті цієї культури від шкідника. Встановлено, що длязниження її шкідливості необхідно застосовуватиінсектициди «Моспілан», РП (0,2 кг/га), «Каліпсо» 480SC, КС (0,25 л/га), «Сумітіон», КЕ (2,5 л/га), «Гло-віс», СК ( 1,5 л/га), «Дурсбан» 480, к.е. (2,0 л/га), «Зо-лон» 35, к.е. (3,0 л/га), «Ланнат» 20, РК (1,2 л/га) та«Пірінекс» 480, КЕ (2,0 л/га). The results of studies were showed to clarify the biological peculiarities, harmfulness of apple leaf curling midge of apple trees’ sapling and efficacy of insecticides in control of pest infestation in Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established, that larva overwinters in the soil on the depth of 4-5 cm, their revival is observed at the end of 1st till the end of second decade of April and pupation – in late second – early third decade of April. Adult female’s  flights take place in the second decade of May – first decade of June. In 8–10 days larva appears, which damage 29,8–37,7 % of grafting buds.  During the vegetation period the pest is developing by three generations. For one generation of pest’s development need the sum of effective temperature from 274,3°С to 290,6°С (the lower threshold of the temperature is 15,6°С).         The technical efficiency of products application in protection of this crop against this pest is studied. It is established that for decreasing of its harmfulness it needed to apply the following insecticides Mospilan, RP (0,2 kg/hа), Calipso 480 SC, (0,25 l/hа), Sumition, КЕ (2,5 l/hа), Hlovis  СК ( 1,5 l/hа), Dursban 480, SC (2,0 l/hа), Zolon 35, KE (3,0 l/hа), Lannate 20,RК  (1,2 l/hа) and Pirineks 480, КЕ (2,0 l/hа).

EFFECTS OF SEVIN ON PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES AND PREDATORS IN AN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARD

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman ◽  
D. C. Herne
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard ◽  
Stethorus Punctillum

Numbers of the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) increased but those of the brown mite (Bryobia arborea Morgan & Anderson) and the peach silver mite (Vasates cornutus Banks) decreased after sprays of Sevin (N-methyl-1-naphthyl carbamate) were applied to peach trees. Sevin practically eliminated the predacious mite Typhlodromus rhenanus Oudms., and larvae and pupae of Stethorus punctillum Weise, and greatly reduced the numbers of adults of S. punctillum, chrysopid larvae, and spiders.

scholarly journals Nutrient element variability of peach trees and tree mortality in relation to cultivars and rootstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Tsipouridis CG ◽  
Simonis AD ◽  
S. Bladenopoulos ◽  
Issakidis AM ◽  
Stylianidis DC
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Peach Orchard ◽  
Leaf N

Leaf samples from 12 peach cultivars (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.) (Early Crest, May Crest, Flavor Crest,Sun Crest, Fayette, Katherina, Loadel, Andross, Everts, May Grand, Firebrite and Fairlane) grafted on four peach root-stocks were analyzed for their nutrient content. The analysis of variance for leaf nutrient concentrations indicated very significant effects and interactions among cultivars and rootstocks. The rootstock effect on the absorption of nutrient elements was higher for Ca, K, P, Mg, N, and lower for Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and B. Generally cultivars grafted on GF 677 had higher N, K, Fe, Cu and lower Zn, Mn, and B, while leaves from cultivars grafted on wild seedlings were found to contain higher Mg and lower P, K, Fe concentrations. Leaf B and Ca were higher for cultivars grafted on Sant Julien GF 655/2, while cultivars on Damas GF 1869 had higher P, Zn, Mn and lower N, B, Ca, Cu concentrations. Leaf N was lower for Fayette on all four rootstocks and significantly different from all other cultivars. Leaf P was lower for Everts and higher for Katherina. Lower concentrations were observed in Early Crest for Fe and Zn, in Andross for Mn, and in Loadel for B, while Flavor Crest had higher concentrations of all these elements. Leaf Zn was the highest for Sun Crest on wild seedling and the lowest for Early Crest on the same rootstock. Similarly leaf N was the highest for Katherina on Damas and the lowest for Fayetteon the same rootstock. Also leaf Mg was the highest for Fayette on Damas and the lowest for Fairlane on Damas. Peach tree mortality was the highest for Damas 1869 and lowest for Sant Julien. Also tree mortality was highest for Early Crest and Sun Crest and lowest for May Grand, Firebrite, and Katherina. The observed trends in the leaf nutrient composition, as regards the cultivars, rootstocks and their interactions, emphasize the importance of these factors on a new peach orchard establishment and macro-microelement fertilization.      

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