Winged morph of the high arctic aphid Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum (Hemiptera: Aphididae): abundance, reproductive status, and ecological significance

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Simon ◽  
J. Bonhomme ◽  
R.L. Blackman ◽  
M. Hullé
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Wing Development ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Dryas Octopetala ◽  
Dispersal Potential ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Aphid Abundance

AbstractThe aphid Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum Heikinheimo, which is endemic to Svalbard and feeds exclusively on eightpetal mountain-avens, Dryas octopetala L. (Rosaceae), has developed a series of adaptive traits to cope with the harsh conditions of the High Arctic. Prior to this study, only a single specimen of the winged morph of A. svalbardicum had been found, suggesting extremely low dispersal potential. In 2006 we collected many winged females in several places at Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Although winged individuals were generally found in high-density populations, no significant relationship existed between aphid abundance and wing development. We discuss whether this sudden increase in winged-morph production by A. svalbardicum is related to a warmer than usual summer in Svalbard.

Leaf carbon isotope discrimination and vegetative responses of Dryas octopetala to temperature and water manipulations in a High Arctic polar semi-desert, Svalbard

Oecologia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Welker ◽  
P. A. Wookey ◽  
A. N. Parsons ◽  
M. C. Press ◽  
T. V. Callaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Dryas Octopetala

Fungal Endophytes of Dryas octopetala from a High Arctic Polar Semidesert and from the Swiss Alps

Mycologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Fisher ◽  
F. Graf ◽  
L. E. Petrini ◽  
B. C. Sutton ◽  
P. A. Wookey
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Dryas Octopetala

scholarly journals Biogeographic relationships between fungi and selected glacial relict plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 1-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Chlebicki
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Betula Nana ◽  
Chamaedaphne Calyculata ◽  
Empetrum Hermaphroditum ◽  
Rubus Chamaemorus ◽  
Dryas Octopetala ◽  
Glacial Relict

The paper discusses fungi of 24 glacial relict plants: <em>Arenaria ciliata</em> L. subsp. <em>ciliata, Betula nana</em> L., <em>B. pubescens</em> Ehrh. subsp. carpatica (Willd.) Asch. &amp; Graebn., <em>B. pubescens</em> subsp. <em>czerepanovii</em> (N.I. Orlova) Hämet-Ahti, <em>C. magellanica</em> Lam. subsp. <em>irrigua</em> (Wahlenb.) Hiitonen, <em>Carex rupestris</em> All., <em>Cerastium alpinum</em> L., <em>C. cerastoides</em> (L.) Britton, <em>C. eriophorum</em> Kit. in Schult., <em>Chamaedaphne calyculata</em> (L.) Moench, <em>Dryas drummondii</em> Richards, <em>D. grandis</em> Juz., <em>D. integrifolia</em> Vahl., <em>D. octopetala</em> L. s.l., <em>Empetrum hermaphroditum</em> Hagerup, <em>E. nigrum</em> L., <em>Juncus trifidus</em> L., <em>Loiseleuria procumbens</em> (L.) Desv., <em>Pedicularis sudetica</em> Willd., <em>Rubus chamaemorus</em> L., <em>Salix herbacea</em> L., <em>S. lapponum</em> L., <em>S. reticulata</em> L., and <em>Saxifraga nivalis</em> L., The work is attempt at application of some fungi (<em>Ascomycota, Chytridiales, Ustilaginales, Uredinales</em>, mitosporic fungi) as guides in vascular plant phytogeography and explanation of the origin of selected glacial relict plants. Parasites and exclusive (specialized) for particular host plant species are the most important fungi for biogeographic analysis. A fungal markers method (FMM) was used. The fungi and host plants for the present study were collected in the mountains and peat bogs of Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovakia, Sweden, Russia and Ukraine. Also materials from Austria, Canada, France, Greenland, Korea, Spitsbergen, Switzerland and U.S.A. were examined. A total of 254 taxa of fungi were collected from 1329 localities investigated. Exclusive species of fungi for all examined host plants have been distinguished. Only <em>Dryas octopetala</em> s.l., <em>D. integrifolia, Empetrum nigrum, E. hermaphroditum, Chamaedaphne calyculata</em> and <em>Rubus chamaemorus</em> possess a number of exclusive species sufficient for analysis. In some cases it was possible to define the direction of migration of the host plants (<em>Betula nana, Juncus trifidus, Dryas octopetala</em> s.l.) on the basis of mycological data. For dryads the extremely High Arctic track is more important than the Middle Arctic or Low Arctic ones. The waves of migrants moved from the East via Spitsbergen to-wards Greenland. <em>Dryas octopetala</em> seems to have reached the Carpathians from the West. Relative age of some fungi has been estimated. Wide circumpolar and alpine distribution points out that <em>Isothea rhytismoides</em> (Bab. ex Berk.) Fr. is one of the oldest dryadicolous fungi. The limited ranges of <em>Sphaerotheca volkartii</em> Blumer, <em>Synchytrium cupulatum</em> Thomas, <em>Hypoderma dryadis</em> Nannf.: L. Holm, and <em>Epipolaeum absconditum</em> (Johanson) L. Holm indicate a relatively young age of these species. A four new taxa i.e. <em>Lachnum uralense, Leptosphaentlina sibirica, Melanomma margaretae</em> and <em>Tiarospora pirozynskii</em> are described and illustrated. 27 species arę for the first time reported from Poland.

Fungal endophytes of Dryas octopetala from a high arctic polar semidesert and from the Swiss Alps

Mycologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Fisher ◽  
F. Graf ◽  
L. E. Petrini ◽  
B. C. Sutton ◽  
P. A. Wookey
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Dryas Octopetala

Ecological Significance of Different Growth Forms of Purple Saxifrage,Saxifraga oppositifoliaL., in the High Arctic, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kume ◽  
Takayuki Nakatsubo ◽  
Yukiko Bekku ◽  
Takehiro Masuzawa
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Growth Forms

Ecological Significance of Different Growth Forms of Purple Saxifrage, Saxifraga oppositifolia L., in the High Arctic, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kume ◽  
Takayuki Nakatsubo ◽  
Yukiko Bekku ◽  
Takehiro Masuzawa
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Saxifraga Oppositifolia

Fungal biodiversity in dead leaves of fertilized plants of Dryas octopetala from a high arctic site

1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Robinson ◽  
P.J. Fisher ◽  
B.C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Fungal Biodiversity ◽  
Dryas Octopetala

Environmental constraints on the growth, photosynthesis and reproductive development of Dryas octopetala at a high Arctic polar semi-desert, Svalbard

Oecologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Wookey ◽  
C. H. Robinson ◽  
A. N. Parsons ◽  
J. M. Welker ◽  
M. C. Press ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Development ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Dryas Octopetala

scholarly journals Feasibility of hyperspectral vegetation indices for the detection of chlorophyll concentration in three high Arctic plants: Salix polaris, Bistorta vivipara, and Dryas octopetala

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Zagajewski ◽  
Marlena Kycko ◽  
Hans Tømmervik ◽  
Zbigniew Bochenek ◽  
Bronisław Wojtuń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Salix Polaris ◽  
Red Edge ◽  
Dryas Octopetala ◽  
Bistorta Vivipara

Remote sensing, which is based on a reflected electromagnetic spectrum, offers a wide range of research methods. It allows for the identification of plant properties, e.g., chlorophyll, but a registered signal not only comes from green parts but also from dry shoots, soil, and other objects located next to the plants. It is, thus, important to identify the most applicable remote-acquired indices for chlorophyll detection in polar regions, which play a primary role in global monitoring systems but consist of areas with high and low accessibility. This study focuses on an analysis of in situ-acquired hyperspectral properties, which was verified by simultaneously measuring the chlorophyll concentration in three representative arctic plant species, i.e., the prostrate deciduous shrub <em>Salix polaris</em>, the herb <em>Bistorta vivipara</em>, and the prostrate semievergreen shrub <em>Dryas octopetala</em>. This study was conducted at the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, Norway. Of the 23 analyzed candidate vegetation and chlorophyll indices, the following showed the best statistical correlations with the optical measurements of chlorophyll concentration: Vogelmann red edge index 1, 2, 3 (VOG 1, 2, 3), Zarco-Tejada and Miller index (ZMI), modified normalized difference vegetation index 705 (mNDVI 705), modified normalized difference index (mND), red edge normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI 705), and Gitelson and Merzlyak index 2 (GM 2). An assessment of the results from this analysis indicates that <em>S. polaris</em> and <em>B. vivipara</em> were in good health, while the health status of <em>D. octopetala</em> was reduced. This is consistent with other studies from the same area. There were also differences between study sites, probably as a result of local variation in environmental conditions. All these indices may be extracted from future satellite missions like EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program) and FLEX (Fluorescence Explorer), thus, enabling the efficient monitoring of vegetation condition in vast and inaccessible polar areas.

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