Occurrence, detection, and quantification of economically important viruses in healthy and unhealthy honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh D. Desai ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Robert W. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Black Queen Cell Virus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Paralysis Virus

AbstractThe occurrence, quantification, and distribution patterns of deformed wing virus (DWV) and sacbrood virus (SBV), (family Iflaviridae); black queen cell virus (BQCV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) (family Dicistroviridae), and chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) (unclassified), were characterised in 80 “healthy” honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus; Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies and 23 “unhealthy” colonies by employing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for virus identification and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for quantification. All seven viruses were common but the most prevalent viruses were DWV, followed by BQCV and IAPV. For most viruses, prevalence in surviving but unhealthy colonies in spring did not differ from that of healthy baseline colony levels in fall suggesting spring prevalence level would not be a useful metric for diagnosis of factors contributing to colony loss. Sacbrood virus was the only virus that was more prevalent in unhealthy colonies from Manitoba, Canada than in healthy from colonies across Canada but did not differ from healthy colonies within Manitoba. Multiple infections were ubiquitous with a few colonies having simultaneous infection with as many as five viruses. Among the three viruses quantified by qPCR, DWV had the highest relative concentrations in pooled samples of worker bees. Deformed wing virus was the only virus within healthy colonies that differed in fall concentration among provinces and was at high levels in unhealthy colonies. Black queen cell virus was positively correlated with IAPV across all samples. Our study provides the first major baseline study of viruses in Canadian honey bees.

scholarly journals The Pathogen Profile of a Honey Bee Queen Does Not Reflect That of Her Workers

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Kevill ◽  
Katie Lee ◽  
Michael Goblirsch ◽  
Erin McDermott ◽  
David R. Tarpy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Black Queen Cell Virus ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Honey Bee Queen ◽  
Acute Bee Paralysis Virus ◽  
Paralysis Virus

Throughout a honey bee queen’s lifetime, she is tended to by her worker daughters, who feed and groom her. Such interactions provide possible horizontal transmission routes for pathogens from the workers to the queen, and as such a queen’s pathogen profile may be representative of the workers within a colony. To explore this further, we investigated known honey bee pathogen co-occurrence, as well as pathogen transmission from workers to queens. Queens from 42 colonies were removed from their source hives and exchanged into a second, unrelated foster colony. Worker samples were taken from the source colony on the day of queen exchange and the queens were collected 24 days after introduction. All samples were screened for Nosema spp., Trypanosome spp., acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), Lake Sinai virus (LSV), and deformed wing virus master variants (DWV-A, B, and C) using RT-qPCR. The data show that LSV, Nosema, and DWV-B were the most abundant pathogens in colonies. All workers (n = 42) were LSV-positive, 88% were Nosema-positive, whilst pathogen loads were low (<1 × 106 genome equivalents per pooled worker sample). All queens (n = 39) were negative for both LSV and Nosema. We found no evidence of DWV transmission occurring from worker to queen when comparing queens to foster colonies, despite DWV being present in both queens and workers. Honey bee pathogen presence and diversity in queens cannot be revealed from screening workers, nor were pathogens successfully transmitted to the queen.

scholarly journals Virus Status, Varroa Levels, and Survival of 20 Managed Honey Bee Colonies Monitored in Luxembourg Between the Summer of 2011 and the Spring of 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Clermont ◽  
Matias Pasquali ◽  
Michael Eickermann ◽  
François Kraus ◽  
Lucien Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Varroa Mites ◽  
Kashmir Bee Virus ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Paralysis Virus

Abstract Twenty managed honey bee colonies, split between 5 apiaries with 4 hives each, were monitored between the summer of 2011 and spring of 2013. Living bees were sampled in July 2011, July 2012, and August 2012. Twenty-five, medium-aged bees, free of varroa mites, were pooled per colony and date, to form one sample. Unlike in France and Belgium, Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV) has not been found in Luxembourg. Slow Bee Paralysis Virus (SBPV) and Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV) levels were below detection limits. Traces of Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV) were amplified. Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), Varroa destructor Virus-1 (VDV-1), and SacBrood Virus (SBV) were detected in all samples and are reported from Luxembourg for the first time. Varroa destructor Macula- Like Virus (VdMLV), Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), and Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV) were detected at all locations, and in most but not all samples. There was a significant increase in VDV-1 and DWV levels within the observation period. A principal component analysis was unable to separate the bees of colonies that survived the following winter from bees that died, based on their virus contents in summer. The number of dead varroa mites found below colonies was elevated in colonies that died in the following winter. Significant positive relationships were found between the log-transformed virus levels of the bees and the log-transformed number of mites found below the colonies per week, for VDV-1 and DWV. Sacbrood virus levels were independent of varroa levels, suggesting a neutral or competitive relationship between this virus and varroa.

scholarly journals Detection of Lotmaria passim, Crithidia mellificae and Replicative Forms of Deformed Wing Virus and Kashmir Bee Virus in the Small Hive Beetle (Aethina tumida)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Antonio Nanetti ◽  
James D. Ellis ◽  
Ilaria Cardaio ◽  
Giovanni Cilia
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Aethina Tumida ◽  
Small Hive Beetle ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Kashmir Bee Virus ◽  
Acute Bee Paralysis Virus ◽  
Bee Virus ◽  
Paralysis Virus ◽  
Lotmaria Passim

Knowledge regarding the honey bee pathogens borne by invasive bee pests remains scarce. This investigation aimed to assess the presence in Aethina tumida (small hive beetle, SHB) adults of honey bee pathogens belonging to the following groups: (i) bacteria (Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius), (ii) trypanosomatids (Lotmaria passim and Crithidia mellificae), and (iii) viruses (black queen cell virus, Kashmir bee virus, deformed wing virus, slow paralysis virus, sacbrood virus, Israeli acute paralysis virus, acute bee paralysis virus, chronic bee paralysis virus). Specimens were collected from free-flying colonies in Gainesville (Florida, U.S.A.) in summer 2017. The results of the molecular analysis show the presence of L. passim, C. mellificae, and replicative forms of deformed wing virus (DWV) and Kashmir bee virus (KBV). Replicative forms of KBV have not previously been reported. These results support the hypothesis of pathogen spillover between managed honey bees and the SHB, and these dynamics require further investigation.

scholarly journals Presence and Prevalence of Viruses in Local and Migratory Honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Massachusetts

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (24) ◽  
pp. 7862-7865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Welch ◽  
Francis Drummond ◽  
Sunil Tewari ◽  
Anne Averill ◽  
John P. Burand
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Black Queen Cell Virus ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Migratory and local bees in Massachusetts were analyzed for seven viruses. Three were detected: black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), and sacbrood virus (SBV). DWV was most common, followed closely by BQCV and then by SBV. BQCV and SBV were present at significantly higher rates in the migratory bees assayed, bringing into question the impact that these bees have on the health of local bee populations.

scholarly journals Presencia de lesiones preinvasoras e invasoras de cérvix, relación con el virus papiloma humano y factores epidemiológicos en Mérida, Venezuela

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Téllez Gil ◽  
Elvia María Michelli Viña ◽  
Diana Estela Callejas Monsalve ◽  
Mike Contreras Colmenares ◽  
María Eugenia Cavazza Porro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Dna Collection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

  Las lesiones de cérvix se han asociado a infección por Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH). 300 mujeres mayores de quince años que acudieron al Hospital Universitario de Los Andes (HULA), fueron estudiadas para identificar lesiones, detectar y tipificar VPH, y determinar factores asociados. Se realizó citología, colposcopia, cepillados cervicales utilizando (DNA collection device Digene®) y biopsias en los casos pertinentes. Se aisló el ADN mediante (QIAamp DNA Mini Kit QIAGEN®), siendo cuantificado y almacenado a -20 ºC. Se detectó VPH por Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) de regiones L1 y E6/E7. La genotipificación por PCR anidada múltiple E6/E7, C. trachomatis se detectó por PCR. El VPH se detectó en 35 % (105) muestras, 88,46 % (92/105) fueron positivas para al menos uno de los genotipos evaluados. VPHAR se encontraron en 97,82 %, (90/92), VPH18 en 82 % (74/90), VPH16 en 44 % (40/90). 56,52 % (52/92) correspondieron a infecciones múltiples, VPH18/16 (20/52) fue la más frecuente. C. trachomatis se detectó en 9 % (27/300) pacientes. La citología mostró cambios sugestivos de infección en solo 16,35 % de las pacientes VPH positivas. 17/18 biopsias sugirieron infección viral y fueron positivas para VPH AR por biología molecular (94,44 %). La colposcopia sugirió infección viral en 46,15 %. El 66,34 % de pacientes fueron menores de 35 años. Se encontró relación estadísticamente no significativa entre infección por VPH, número de parejas sexuales, coinfección con C. trachomatis y hábito tabáquico. Estos resultados muestran elevada frecuencia de infección por VPH AR, asociada a factores epidemiológicos, cuyo diagnóstico certero y tratamiento oportuno son claves en la prevención de su transmisión y del desarrollo de lesiones en cérvix.   Palabras clave: Cáncer cervical, virus papiloma humano, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa.   Abstract   Cervical lesions have been associated with infection by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Three hundred women older than 15 years old who attended at the Hospital Universidad de Los Andes (HULA), were studied to identify lesions, detect and typify HPV, and determine associated factors. Cytology, colposcopy, cervical brushing using (DNA collection device Digene®) and biopsies were performed in the pertinent cases. DNA was isolated by (QIAamp DNA Mini Kit QIAGEN®), being quantified and stored at -20 ° C. HPV was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of regions L1 and E6 / E7. The genotyping by multiple nested PCR E6 / E7, C. trachomatis was detected by PCR. HPV was detected in 35% (105) samples, 88.46% (92/105) were positive for at least one of the genotypes evaluated. VPHAR were found in 97.82% (90/92), HPV18 in 82% (74/90), HPV16 in 44% (40/90). 56.52% (52/92) corresponded to multiple infections, HPV18 / 16 (20/52) was the most frequent. C. trachomatis was detected in 9% (27/300) patients. The cytology showed changes suggestive of infection in only 16.35% of the HPV positive patients. 17/18 biopsies suggested viral infection and were positive for ARV HPV by molecular biology (94.44%). Colposcopy suggested viral infection in 46.15%. 66.34% of patients were under 35 years old. A statistically non-significant relationship was found between HPV infection, number of sexual partners, coinfection with C. trachomatis and smoking habit. These results show high frequency of infection by HPV AR, associated with epidemiological factors, whose accurate diagnosis and timely treatment are key in the prevention of its transmission and the development of lesions in the cervix.   Keywords: Cervical cancer, human papilloma virus, polymerase chain reaction.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of black queen cell virus and deformed wing virus in honeybee colonies infected by mites in Van, Eastern Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5990-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZEYNEP KARAPINAR ◽  
BEKİR OĞUZ ◽  
ENDER DİNÇER ◽  
CİHAT ÖZTÜRK
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Black Queen Cell Virus ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Colony Loss ◽  
Paralysis Virus

This study aimed to determine the presence and prevalence of viral and parasitic infections causing high rates of colony loss in honey bee colonies in Van province, eastern Turkey. Twenty-six different apiaries were collected from five counties in Van province. These samples were tested by Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV) and deformed wing virus (DWV). Selected positives were sequenced, phylogenetically analyzed and investigated in terms of Varroa. DWV and BQCV were identified in 69.23% (18/26) and 88.46% (23/26) of the bees respectively whereas ABPV and CBPV were not detected in the sampled apiaries. Results of the phylogenetic analysis of DWV and BQCV sequences showed 94–100% similarity to DWV and BQCV isolates obtained from Genbank. Prevalence of varroasis was 89% (23/26) in Van. The obtained samples were identified as V. Varroa destructor by morphological investigation. The study showed that viral and parasitic agents commonly infect honeybees in Van province, with high prevalence rates for BQCV and DWV. There was also a high degree of conservation of DWV and BQCV sequences distinct from DWV and BQCV isolates from other geographical regions. These findings, including current prevalence and phylogenetic analysis data for DWV, BQCV and varroazis in honeybees, are useful for future studies. .

scholarly journals Molecular detection and phylogenetic assessment of six honeybee viruses in Apis mellifera L. colonies in Bulgaria

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rositsa Shumkova ◽  
Boyko Neov ◽  
Daniela Sirakova ◽  
Ani Georgieva ◽  
Dimitar Gadjev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Kashmir Bee Virus ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Paralysis Virus ◽  
Bee Viruses

Honey bee colonies suffer from various pathogens, including honey bee viruses. About 24 viruses have been reported so far. However, six of them are considered to cause severe infection which inflicts heavy losses on beekeeping. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence of six honey bee viruses: deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), sacbrood virus (SBV), kashmir bee virus (KBV), and black queen cell virus (BQCV) by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 250 adult honey bee samples were obtained from 50 colonies from eight apiaries situated in three different parts of the country (South, North and West Bulgaria). The results showed the highest prevalence of DWV followed by SBV and ABPV, and one case of BQCV. A comparison with homology sequences available in GenBank was performed by phylogenetic analysis, and phylogenetic relationships were discussed in the context of newly described genotypes in the uninvestigated South Eastern region of Europe. In conclusion, the present study has been the first to provide sequencing data and phylogenetics analyses of some honey bee viruses in Bulgaria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document