Population variability of a native and an introduced herbivore of carrots (Apiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lamb ◽  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Psila Rosae ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Carrot Weevil ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractLong-term, twice weekly, trap catches of the native carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the introduced carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Psilidae), were used to test the hypothesis that native populations fluctuate less from year-to-year than those of introduced species, because the native species has had more time to adapt to temporal variability in its habitat than an introduced species. Variability in annual abundance was estimated for 33 years, and for 11-year or 16–17-year subsets of the 33-year time series. Temporal population variability was quantified as PV, a proportion between 0 and 1. The native carrot weevil had a PV of 0.39, less than that of the introduced carrot rust fly with a PV of 0.67, supporting the hypothesis. Generation 1 for both species showed a decline in PV over three decades consistent with the hypothesis that adaptation to variability in the habitat leads to lower PV. Over 33 years, the carrot weevil developed a second generation with a PV of 0.70, higher than that of the first generation, which is consistent with the hypothesis that adaptation is required to stabilise population dynamics in a new habitat, in this case a new temporally defined habitat.

scholarly journals Biological Invasion Theories: Merging Perspectives from Population, Community and Ecosystem Scales

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Chabrerie ◽  
François Massol ◽  
Benoit Facon ◽  
Romain Thevenoux ◽  
Manon Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Ecosystem Transformation ◽  
Theoretical Dynamics

Biological invasions have reached an unprecedented level and the number of introduced species is still increasing worldwide. Despite major advances in invasion science, the determinants of success of introduced species, the magnitude and dimensions of their impact, and the mechanisms sustaining successful invasions are still debated. Empirical studies show divergent impacts of non-native populations on ecosystems and contrasting effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the dynamics of non-native populations; this is hindering the emergence of a unified theory of biological invasions. We propose a synthesis that merges perspectives from population, community, and ecosystem levels. Along a timeline of ecosystem transformation driven by non-native species, from historical to human-modified ecosystems, we order invasion concepts and theories to clarify their chaining and relevance during each step of the invasion process. This temporal sorting of invasion concepts shows that each concept is relevant at a specific stage of the invasion. Concepts and empirical findings on non-native species may appear contradictory. However, we suggest that, when mapped onto an invasion timeline, they may be combined in a complementary way. An overall scheme is proposed to summarise the theoretical dynamics of ecosystems subjected to invasions. For any given case study, this framework provides a guide through the maze of theories and should help choose the appropriate concepts according to the stage of invasion.

scholarly journals A native annual forb locally excludes a closely related introduced species that co-occurs in oak-savanna habitat remnants

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens C Johnson ◽  
Jennifer L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Average Fitness

Abstract Despite the ubiquity of introduced species, their long-term impacts on native plant abundance and diversity remain poorly understood. Coexistence theory offers a tool for advancing this understanding by providing a framework to link short-term individual measurements with long-term population dynamics by directly quantifying the niche and average fitness differences between species. We observed that a pair of closely related and functionally similar annual plants with different origins—native Plectritis congesta and introduced Valerianella locusta—co-occur at the community scale but rarely at the local scale of direct interaction. To test whether niche and/or fitness differences preclude local-scale long-term coexistence, we parameterized models of competitor dynamics with results from a controlled outdoor pot experiment, where we manipulated densities of each species. To evaluate the hypothesis that niche and fitness differences exhibit environmental dependency, leading to community-scale coexistence despite local competitive exclusion, we replicated this experiment with a water availability treatment to determine if this key limiting resource alters the long-term prediction. Water availability impacted population vital rates and intensities of intraspecific versus interspecific competition between P. congesta and V. locusta. Despite environmental influence on competition our model predicts that native P. congesta competitively excludes introduced V. locusta in direct competition across water availability conditions because of an absence of stabilizing niche differences combined with a difference in average fitness, although this advantage weakens in drier conditions. Further, field data demonstrated that P. congesta densities have a negative effect on V. locusta seed prediction. We conclude that native P. congesta limits abundances of introduced V. locusta at the direct-interaction scale, and we posit that V. locusta may rely on spatially dependent coexistence mechanisms to maintain coexistence at the site scale. In quantifying this competitive outcome our study demonstrates mechanistically how a native species may limit the abundance of an introduced invader.

EVALUATION OF MONITORING TECHNIQUES FOR THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Monitoring Techniques ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Carrot Weevil ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractFive trap designs were evaluated for their efficiency in capturing overwintering adults of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (Le Conte). Trap catches were compared with counts of oviposition and nutrition cavities found in carrots placed on the ground. A trap consisting of 22 wooden plates, separated by metal washers and placed over a carrot which was used as bait, proved to be the most efficient. The weevils crawl between the plates, feed on the carrot, and are collected by dismantling the trap over a pan. This technique provided a seasonal record of carrot-weevil activity comparable to that obtained with carrot sections and can be used to issue insecticide-treatment recommendations prior to the beginning of the carrot-weevil oviposition period.

INSECT PESTS OF CARROTS IN ORGANIC SOILS OF SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1441-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Perron
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Psila Rosae ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Root Sampling ◽  
Carrot Weevil ◽  
First Time

AbstractA survey of the insect pests of carrots was conducted in the organic soils of southwestern Quebec with a view to establishing the presence of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (Lec.), in this province as well as to confirm the importance of other pests damaging carrot crops. Four different methods were used to capture adults, and the root sampling method was used for establishing larval populations.The carrot weevil was captured by light trap for the first time in Quebec on 1 June 1967, but was neither recognized nor identified until June 1970 when a few specimens were obtained again by light trap set at Ste. Clotilde and by colour traps placed in the experimental fields used for the survey in 1970. Damage caused by this new pest on carrots ranged from 2.0% to 22.0% root injuries throughout the carrot growing areas of the organic soil regions of Sherrington, St. Michel, and Ste. Clotilde representing several thousands of acres. The carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (F.), was the only other carrot pest captured, but has been found to be of no importance in these areas.

Do antiserotonergic antipsychotics induce OCD more frequently than first-generation antipsychotics in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia?

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
X Schlenzig ◽  
J Rentzsch ◽  
SBD Bahri ◽  
H Danker-Hopfe ◽  
MC Jockers-Scherübl
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Oithona davisae: naturalization in the Black sea, inter-annual and seasonal dynamics, effect on the structure of the planktonic copepod community

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1015
Author(s):  
A. D. Gubanova ◽  
O. A. Garbazey ◽  
D. A. Altukhov ◽  
V. S. Mukhanov ◽  
E. V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Copepod Community ◽  
Oithona Davisae ◽  
Sevastopol Bay

Long-term (20032014) routine observations of zooplankton in Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea) have allowed the naturalization of the invasive copepod Oithona davisae to be studied in the Black Sea coastal waters. Inter-annual and seasonal variability of the species and their impact on the native copepod community have been analyzed. The invasion of O. davisae and their undoubted dominance in terms of abundance were shown to alter the community structure but, at the same time, the abundances of the native species did not decrease, excepting the Black Sea earlier invader Acartia tonsa. A significant decline in A. tonsa numbers over the stages of O. davisae establishment and naturalization provided evidence of competition between the species. O. davisae have been demonstrated to gain competitive advantage over A. tonsa, that ensured their fast dispersal in the Black Sea, acclimatization in the new habitat and the successful competition over native species.

THE ROLE OF POLYETHYLENIMINE IN ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF GLUTAMATE BIOSENSORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Diep Do Thi Hong ◽  
Duong Le Phuoc ◽  
Hoai Nguyen Thi ◽  
Serra Pier Andrea ◽  
Rocchitta Gaia
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Complex Matrices ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Glutamate Oxidase

Background: The first biosensor was constructed more than fifty years ago. It was composed of the biorecognition element and transducer. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples Glutamate is important biochemicals involved in energetic metabolism and neurotransmission. Therefore, biosensors requires the development a new approach exhibiting high sensibility, good reproducibility and longterm stability. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples. The aims of this work: To find out which concentration of polyethylenimine (PEI) exhibiting the most high sensibility, good reproducibility and long-term stability. Methods: We designed and developed glutamate biosensor using different concentration of PEI ranging from 0% to 5% at Day 1 and Day 8. Results: After Glutamate biosensors in-vitro characterization, several PEI concentrations, ranging from 0.5% to 1% seem to be the best in terms of VMAX, the KM; while PEI content ranging from 0.5% to 1% resulted stable, PEI 1% displayed an excellent stability. Conclusions: In the result, PEI 1% perfomed high sensibility, good stability and blocking interference. Furthermore, we expect to develop and characterize an implantable biosensor capable of detecting glutamate, glucose in vivo. Key words: Glutamate biosensors, PEi (Polyethylenimine) enhances glutamate oxidase, glutamate oxidase biosensors

scholarly journals Dynamical evolution of multiple-population globular clusters

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (3) ◽  
pp. 4290-4304
Author(s):  
Enrico Vesperini ◽  
Jongsuk Hong ◽  
Mirek Giersz ◽  
Arkadiusz Hypki
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Radial Profile ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Phase ◽  
Dynamical Parameters ◽  
Energy Equipartition

ABSTRACT We have carried out a set of Monte Carlo simulations to study a number of fundamental aspects of the dynamical evolution of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters with different initial masses, fractions of second generation (2G) stars, and structural properties. Our simulations explore and elucidate: (1) the role of early and long-term dynamical processes and stellar escape in the evolution of the fraction of 2G stars and the link between the evolution of the fraction of 2G stars and various dynamical parameters; (2) the link between the fraction of 2G stars inside the cluster and in the population of escaping stars during a cluster’s dynamical evolution; (3) the dynamics of the spatial mixing of the first-generation (1G) and 2G stars and the details of the structural properties of the two populations as they evolve toward mixing; (4) the implications of the initial differences between the spatial distribution of 1G and 2G stars for the evolution of the anisotropy in the velocity distribution and the expected radial profile of the 1G and 2G anisotropy for clusters at different stages of their dynamical history; and (5) the variation of the degree of energy equipartition of the 1G and the 2G populations as a function of the distance from the cluster’s centre and the cluster’s evolutionary phase.

scholarly journals Long Term Interactions of Native and Invasive Species in a Marine Protected Area Suggest Complex Cascading Effects Challenging Conservation Outcomes

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Charalampos Dimitriadis ◽  
Ivoni Fournari-Konstantinidou ◽  
Laurent Sourbès ◽  
Drosos Koutsoubas ◽  
Stelios Katsanevakis
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
High Level

Understanding the interactions among invasive species, native species and marine protected areas (MPAs), and the long-term regime shifts in MPAs is receiving increased attention, since biological invasions can alter the structure and functioning of the protected ecosystems and challenge conservation efforts. Here we found evidence of marked modifications in the rocky reef associated biota in a Mediterranean MPA from 2009 to 2019 through visual census surveys, due to the presence of invasive species altering the structure of the ecosystem and triggering complex cascading effects on the long term. Low levels of the populations of native high-level predators were accompanied by the population increase and high performance of both native and invasive fish herbivores. Subsequently the overgrazing and habitat degradation resulted in cascading effects towards the diminishing of the native and invasive invertebrate grazers and omnivorous benthic species. Our study represents a good showcase of how invasive species can coexist or exclude native biota and at the same time regulate or out-compete other established invaders and native species.

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