scholarly journals Long Term Interactions of Native and Invasive Species in a Marine Protected Area Suggest Complex Cascading Effects Challenging Conservation Outcomes

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Charalampos Dimitriadis ◽  
Ivoni Fournari-Konstantinidou ◽  
Laurent Sourbès ◽  
Drosos Koutsoubas ◽  
Stelios Katsanevakis
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
High Level

Understanding the interactions among invasive species, native species and marine protected areas (MPAs), and the long-term regime shifts in MPAs is receiving increased attention, since biological invasions can alter the structure and functioning of the protected ecosystems and challenge conservation efforts. Here we found evidence of marked modifications in the rocky reef associated biota in a Mediterranean MPA from 2009 to 2019 through visual census surveys, due to the presence of invasive species altering the structure of the ecosystem and triggering complex cascading effects on the long term. Low levels of the populations of native high-level predators were accompanied by the population increase and high performance of both native and invasive fish herbivores. Subsequently the overgrazing and habitat degradation resulted in cascading effects towards the diminishing of the native and invasive invertebrate grazers and omnivorous benthic species. Our study represents a good showcase of how invasive species can coexist or exclude native biota and at the same time regulate or out-compete other established invaders and native species.

scholarly journals Development of epibenthic assemblages on artificial habitat associated with marine renewable infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1178-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
E V Sheehan ◽  
A Y Cartwright ◽  
M J Witt ◽  
M J Attrill ◽  
M Vural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Artificial Habitat ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Marine Renewable Energy ◽  
Trawl Fishing ◽  
Minimal Evidence ◽  
Environmental Relevance

Abstract Offshore marine renewable energy installations (MREI) introduce structure into the marine environment and can locally exclude destructive, bottom trawl fishing. These effects have the potential to aid restoration of degraded seabed habitats but may be constrained by timescales of ecological succession following MREI construction, and the removal of infrastructure during decommissioning. To inform managers about appropriate decommissioning strategies, a 25 km cable and associated rock armouring (Wave Hub, UK), installed on rocky reef, was monitored up to 5 years post-deployment. The epibenthic Assemblage composition, and Number of taxa remained significantly different from surrounding controls, while Abundance was similar in all survey years between the cable and controls. Six morphotaxa showed four patterns of colonization on cable plots compared to the controls: (i) Early colonization, which remained in greater abundances (Porifera), (ii) early colonization, converging (Turf), (iii) slow colonization, converging Anthozoa and Vertebrata), and (iv) slow colonization, remaining lower in abundance (Tunicata and Echinodermata). The environmental relevance of this MREI is considered relatively benign as it covers 0.01% of the surrounding bioregion, appears to be supporting similar assemblages to the surrounding habitat, and exhibited minimal evidence of invasive species (three records of two non-native species). Longer monitoring timescales are required to provide comprehensive, site-specific decommissioning advice.

Knowledge and performance in action

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schack
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Object Knowledge ◽  
Training Techniques ◽  
Action Knowledge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

This article addresses the functional links between knowledge and performance in human activity. Starting with the evolutionary roots of knowledge and activity, it shows how the combination of adaptive behavior and knowledge storage has formed over various stages of evolution. The cognitive architecture of human actions is discussed against this background, and it is shown how knowledge is integrated into action control. Then, methodological issues in the study of action knowledge are considered, and an experimental method is presented that can be used to assess the structure of action knowledge in long‐term memory. This method is applied in studies on the relation between object knowledge and performance in mechanics and between movement knowledge and performance in high‐performance sportswomen. These studies show how experts’ knowledge systems can be assessed, and how this may contribute to the optimization of human performance. In high‐level experts, these representational frameworks were organized in a highly hierarchical tree‐like structure, were remarkably similar between individuals, and matched well the functional demands of the task. In comparison, the action representations in low‐level performers were organized less hierarchically, were more variable between persons, and were not so well in accordance with functional demands. These results support the hypothesis that voluntary actions are planned, executed, and stored in memory directly by way of representations of their anticipated perceptual effects. The method offers new possibilities to investigate knowledge structures. Based on such results it is possible to improve performance via special training‐techniques. This paper fulfils an identified research need concerning the interaction of knowledge and performance and offers new perspectives for future forms of knowledge management.

scholarly journals Livestock grazing and topographic site effects on grassland plant communities after long-term grazing cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise S. Gornish ◽  
D. J. Eastburn ◽  
Scott Oneto ◽  
Leslie M. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Vegetation Surveys ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Topographic Positions

Ranchers are increasingly expected to manage grasslands for forage production and native biodiversity enhancement goals. However, longstanding relationships between grazing and plant species are often understudied because elucidating effects of grazing absence and presence often requires experimental opportunities that are difficult to establish, such as the introduction of grazing to long-term ungrazed pastures. Addressing this knowledge gap is critical for heterogeneous landscapes where site-specific properties might interact with grazing effects to ultimately structure plant communities. We conducted vegetation surveys for 3 years after grazing was reintroduced to an annual California grassland that was not grazed for more than 60 years. We investigated how grazing affected plant communities in terms of cover and richness of native and invasive species and how topographic sites of summit, backslope and toeslope altered these relationships. The plant communities were affected by the independent effects of grazing, site and year. Across years, native cover was 39% greater in grazed plots compared with ungrazed plots. Native species richness was slightly lower in ungrazed compared with grazed plots for toeslope sites relative to the other topographic positions. Invasive species cover was 17% lower in grazed plots compared with ungrazed plots and no predictors were found to contribute to significant differences across plots. Although we generally did not find expected relationships between site and plant response to grazing, this work demonstrates how managers can use livestock to quickly modify plant communities in areas with a long history of grazing absence.

scholarly journals Molecular Phylogenetics of Physa acuta (Pulmonata: Basommatophora): an Invasive species in Central Punjab Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ansari ◽  
J. Altafa ◽  
A. Ramzan ◽  
Z. Ahmed ◽  
S. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Physa Acuta ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rapd Fragment

Abstract Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; belong to Phylum Mollusca and being bioindicators, intermediate hosts of parasites and pests hold a key position in the ecosystem. There are three species of Genus Physa i.e. P. fontinalis, Physa acuta and P. gyrina water bodies of Central Punjab and were characterized on the basis of molecular markers High level of genetic diversity was revealed by polymorphic RAPD, however SSR markers were not amplified. The multivariate analysis revealed polymorphism ranging from 9.09 percent to 50 percent among the three Physid species. Total number of 79 loci were observed for the three species under study and 24 loci were observed to be polymorphic. These RAPD fragment(s) can be developed into co dominant markers (SCAR) by cloning and can be further sequenced for the development of the Physa species specific markers to identify the introduced and native species in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Capacity of United States federal government and its partners to rapidly and accurately report the identity (taxonomy) of non-native organisms intercepted in early detection programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. C. Lyal ◽  
Scott E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Us Government ◽  
United States Federal Government

AbstractThe early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) depends on accurate and rapid identification of non-native species. The 2016–2018 National Invasive Species Council Management Plan called for an assessment of US government (federal) capacity to report on the identity of non-native organisms intercepted through early detection programs. This paper serves as the response to that action item. Here we summarize survey-based findings and make recommendations for improving the federal government’s capacity to identify non-native species authoritatively in a timely manner. We conclude with recommendations to improve accurate identification within the context of EDRR by increasing coordination, maintaining taxonomic expertise, creating an identification tools clearinghouse, developing and using taxonomic standards for naming and identification protocols, expanding the content of DNA and DNA Barcode libraries, ensuring long-term sustainability of biological collections, and engaging and empowering citizens and citizen science groups.

scholarly journals Impact of Ocean Acidification on Ecosystem Functioning and Services in Habitat-Forming Species and Marine Ecosystems

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Zunino ◽  
Simone Libralato ◽  
Donata Melaku Canu ◽  
Giulia Prato ◽  
Cosimo Solidoro
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Ecosystem Development ◽  
Cascading Effects

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is expected to impact habitat-forming species (HFS), with cascading effects on the whole marine ecosystem and related services that are seldom quantified. Here, the changes in HFSs biomass due to OA are modeled using a food web ecosystem model, and the trophic and non-trophic cascading effects on the marine community are investigated. The food web model represents a well-studied coastal marine protected area in the NW Mediterranean Sea where coralligenous reefs and Posidonia oceanica meadows constitute important HFS. The model is used to implement 5 scenarios of habitat degradation, that is, reduction of HFS biomass, induced by increasing OA and to quantify the potential changes in ecosystem properties and indicators of ecosystem services over the next 100 years. The changes in ecosystem indicators highlight a decrease in the size of the system and a reorganization of energy flows suggesting a high degree of ecosystem development. All the proxies for ecosystem services show significant decreases in their values. Although representing only a portion of the possible impacts of OA, the findings are consistent with the idea that ecological systems can react to OA effects to maintain the level of ecosystem development, but the new organization might not be optimal from an anthropocentric viewpoint.

scholarly journals Dlouhodobé sledování úrovně výkonnostních předpokladů vybraných tenistů

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Michal Polách ◽  
Jiří Zháněl ◽  
Ondřej Hubáček
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Game Performance

Monitoring the level of individual factors or performance predispositions is an essential part of athlete´s training process. The article discusses the results of the diagnostic performance predispositions research of the selected group of tennis players. In the research, we first made a selection of players according to the criterion of the frequency of participation in testing and the other criterion was the performance level, ranking, they reached. In the next phase, we analyzed the individual test results of the players in the long-term perspective. The final step was to assess the relationship between age, the results of the test battery and game performance. Due to the small number of measurements and the complexity of sport performance in tennis we did not expect very tight dependence (correlation) of individual variables. We came to the conclusion that by all observed players a high level of motor performance predisposition were recorded which corresponds with their high performance in tennis and ranking, although statistical dependence was not proven.

scholarly journals Invasive Neobiota im Wald: Konzepte und wissenschaftliche Grundlagen

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (6) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Christoph Küffer ◽  
Harald Bugmann ◽  
Marco Conedera
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Established Species ◽  
Term Management

Invasive non-native species in forests: key concepts and scientific foundations The article summarizes key concepts and the scientific foundations regarding invasive non-native species and their management, with a focus on forestry. In particular, the three management phases 1) prevention, 2) early detection and containment, and 3) control and long-term management of established species are discussed. In Switzerland, over 100 non-native species are considered invasive by experts; many of them occur in forests. Given the complexity of the challenge, successful management in general needs to be adapted to specific contexts such as the forestry sector, and should involve directly affected decision-makers and experts. Dealing with invasive species is therefore a permanent task of the forestry sector as a whole, which can not be delegated to just one institution or administrative level (cantonal, national or international).

scholarly journals Long-Term Efficacy of Glyphosate for Smooth Brome Control in Native Prairie

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica I. Slopek ◽  
Eric G. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
And Function

Effective control measures are required for the invasive forage grass smooth brome in native prairie to maintain native prairie diversity and function. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effectiveness of glyphosate as a control method for smooth brome and to evaluate the subsequent recovery of native prairie species at Kernen Prairie near Saskatoon, SK, Canada. In 1999 and 2000, a total of forty 6- to 8-m-diameter patches of smooth brome were spot sprayed with glyphosate; community composition in each patch was monitored for 17 yr. Following glyphosate application, the abundance of smooth brome decreased, and recovery of native species richness and the abundance of important native species, including plains rough fescue, was observed. In the long term however, the elimination of smooth brome created empty niche space ultimately occupied by other invasive species, particularly Kentucky bluegrass. The spot application of glyphosate is thus an effective control method for reducing smooth brome in native prairie; however, maintaining desirable native species composition in this system posttreatment depends on other factors, including the presence of additional invasive species that may move in after the elimination of smooth brome.

scholarly journals Oxytetracycline residue in Tilapia

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKA Barman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MM Rahim ◽  
MT Hassan ◽  
M Begum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
High Level

The present study was conducted to determine the persistence of oxytetracycline residue in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) available in local fish markets of Sylhet Sadar Upazila. To carry out this experiment, 24 fish samples were randomly collected from four (4) local fish markets under study area from March 2016 to August 2016. Fish samples were analyzed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method to detect amount of residues of oxytetracycline. In this study, detectable oxytetracycline residues were observed in five (5) samples of Tilapia ranged between 23.77-39.94 ppb (mean 38.88±2.99 ppb). Oxytetracycline residues less than limit of detection were also found in 19 (79.17%) samples. The detected residues of oxytetracycline in these fish samples did not exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL) 100 ppb recommended by the European Commission. However, long term persistence of high level oxytetracyclines could be a potential hazardous for public health. For this reason supervision of antibiotic uses and monitoring of optimum MRL in Tilapia are utmost needed for farmed fish species.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(1), 41-46, 2018

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