Possible sources of resistance to the wheat midge in wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Barker ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The objective of this study was to find resistance in wheat cultivars to the wheat midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana [Géhin]). A total of 61 spring and 61 winter wheats were assayed in 1992 to 1994. Thirteen selected cultivars were planted in 1994. Three kinds of apparent response to midge infestation were found. Eight winter wheat cultivars suffered neither the usual typical kind nor high numbers of shrivelling of the seeds often attributed to the midge, but produced instead small numbers of shorter and more rounded (tubby) seeds which could be due to midge activity. Cultivar RL5708 differed from all other cultivars in that it showed low proportions of damaged seeds, which were often associated with dead midge larvae. The third group included lines and cultivars showing the typical shrivelling of the seeds due to the wheat midge. In 1993 most late-planted spring wheat cultivars were less affected by the midge than the same cultivars planted earlier probably because of asynchrony between times of wheat flowering and midge opposition. The incorporation of resistance to the wheat midge into hard red spring wheats should contribute to a reduction of wheat losses in years when wheat midge are abundant. Key words: Winter wheat, spring wheat, wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, resistance

Resistance to wheat midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in winter wheat and the origins of resistance in spring wheat (Poaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
M.A.H. Smith ◽  
I.L. Wise ◽  
R.I.H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
North American ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Oviposition Deterrence ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractNine winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum Linnaeus) (Poaceae) were the source of the Sm1 gene for resistance to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in spring wheat. All nine showed antibiosis characteristic of Sm1, as expected. They also showed oviposition deterrence and reduced hatch, which contributed to overall resistance. The overall level of resistance of the nine winter wheat cultivars was usually lower than that of resistant spring wheat lines in laboratory trials, but equally high in a field trial. Five of seven other North American winter wheat cultivars also showed resistance. Three of these were grown in the 1920s and earlier, before wheat varieties were officially registered. One of these, “Mediterranean”, came from Europe in the 1880s and may be the origin of Sm1 in North America. Two of 11 Chinese winter wheat lines showed resistance to wheat midge but at a lower level than that characteristic of Sm1. Widespread resistance in North American winter wheat cultivars was unexpected because wheat midge has not been a pest of winter wheat for many decades. North American winter wheat cultivars can provide sources of resistance to wheat midge, particularly high levels of oviposition deterrence as exhibited by “Goens” and “Rawhide”.

scholarly journals HETEROSIS IN F1 HYBRIDS BETWEEN SPRING AND WINTER WHEATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. GRANT ◽  
HUGH McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Wheat Parent

Significant levels of heterosis were demonstrated in F1 yield trials from crosses between three spring and three winter wheats (T. aestivum L.): Thatcher × Winalta, Cypress × Kharkov 22 MC, and Lee × Cheyenne. Yields up to 40% higher than those of the spring wheat parent were attributed to heterosis resulting from hybridization of genetically diverse spring and winter types. To our knowledge this is the first published report of heterosis for yield in F1 hybrids between spring and winter wheat cultivars. This information has significance in both hybrid wheat and conventional breeding programs.

DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN SPRING WHEAT

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
I.L. Wise ◽  
O.O. Olfert ◽  
J. Gavloski ◽  
P.S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Heading Stage

AbstractThe wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) occurred in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba during 1993–1997, with 95% of spring wheat fields having some seeds infested by larvae. The level of infestation varied, but each year in excess of 20% of seeds were infested in some fields. Infestation levels in adjacent fields were more similar than in fields separated by a few kilometres. Within fields, the infestation was similar at the edge and near the centre. Wheat midge larvae also overwintered in, and adults emerged from, fields in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba. Adults emerged from the end of June to the end of July most years, and the peak period for adult flight was mid-July, about 1 month later than in parts of Europe where winter wheat predominates. The timing of the emergence was similar from place to place and year to year. Females constituted 95% of insects caught in a flight trap. The first 10% and 50% of the flight occurred on 9 and 16 July, respectively, and the timing of the flight was not related to growing degree-days. In early August, mature larvae began dropping from wheat heads. The timing of infestation of spring wheat was variable among years because of differences in timing between midge flights and the susceptible heading stage of the crop. Nevertheless, the wheat midge flight usually coincided with the susceptible stage of the spring wheat crop.

scholarly journals PAG electrophoregrams of wheat cultivars grown in Finland

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Tuula Sontag ◽  
Hannu Salovaara
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Close Relatives

The polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) patterns of gliadins of 9 spring wheat cultivars (Apu, Drabant, Taava, Tapio, Ulla, Kadett, Luja, Ruso and Tähti) and of 5 winter wheat cultivars (Aura, Ilves, Linna, Nisu and Vakka) were determined. Most of the samples studied had specific gliadin PAGE patterns, indicating that electrophoregrams obtained with the procedure employed here can be used for identifying wheat cultivars grown in Finland. Only two cultivars, Taava and Ruso, which are close relatives, possessed similar PAGE patterns. The procedure uses a commercial vertical electrophoresis apparatus and thin gels. Up to 28 samples could be electrophoresed in three hours and analyzed after staining. The procedure can be applied in the identification of wheat cultivars currently grown in Finland.

RESISTANCE TO SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN SPRING WHEAT (GRAMINEAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
R.I.H. McKenzie ◽  
I.L. Wise ◽  
P.S. Barker ◽  
M.A.H. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
High Level

AbstractCultivars of winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., previously identified as possible sources of resistance to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), were crossed with spring wheat to produce lines with a spring growth habit and assure synchrony between insect and plant. Many of the lines showed low levels of infestation by wheat midge in the field, and 21 of these were tested for resistance in the laboratory. All test lines exhibited resistance, ranging from 58 to 100% suppression of larvae and 70 to 100% suppression of seed damage, compared with a susceptible line. Larval development was delayed and survival was reduced on all lines. This antibiosis was associated with a hypersensitive reaction in the seed surface. The hypersensitive reaction, or feeding damage by young larvae before they died, reduced the biomass of some infested resistant seeds by 28% compared with over 60% for infested susceptible seeds. Some lines also reduced the level of infestation either through oviposition deterrence or a resistance which prevented newly hatched larvae from establishing on the seed surface. A few lines also reduced the hatching rate of wheat midge eggs. The resistance was equally effective in field trials during two consecutive summers in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, with at least a 20-times difference in the level of infestation between susceptible and resistant wheats. No larvae could develop to maturity on some resistant lines. Large plots of one resistant line produced less than 1% as many larvae as a typical susceptible wheat, and the larvae that did survive produced few, small adults. This resistance is the first documented case of a high level of true resistance to wheat midge in spring wheat, distinct from asynchrony between the insect and susceptible stage of the plant. The antibiosis component of the resistance is currently being incorporated in cultivars suitable for production in western Canada.

Evaluation of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation and relationship with agronomic traits in selected spring wheat cultivars in northwestern Montana, United States of America

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik R. Echegaray ◽  
Christopher R. Barbour ◽  
Luther Talbert ◽  
Robert N. Stougaard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Wheat Midge

AbstractThe wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a serious pest of spring wheat in North America. Currently, most commercial cultivars in the state of Montana, United States of America are susceptible. A study was conducted to assess the variability of adapted spring wheat cultivars to wheat midge infestations. A secondary objective was to determine the relationship between wheat midge infestation levels and spring wheat agronomic traits, including yield, test weight, grain protein, plant height, and heading date. This relationship was determined by evaluating 16 hard red spring wheat cultivars over a six-year period at the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, near Kalispell, Montana. Levels of infestation had a negative impact on grain yield and test weight. Overall, the average infestation level was 40 larvae/spike with the lowest being observed with “Reeder” and the highest for “Thatcher”. Concurrently, “Reeder” had the highest yield, whereas “Thatcher” had the lowest yield and the highest grain protein, demonstrating that wheat midge infestations were positively associated with grain protein. Heading date had a positive association with midge density with higher infestations associated with later maturing cultivars. The economic injury level was estimated at 12 and 20 midge larvae/spike for a market price of USD $0.27 and USD $0.16/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of Regression Coefficients for the Relationship Between Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol Content of Wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 951-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
P. E. Lipps ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Regression Slope ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Relationship

A total of 126 field studies reporting deoxynivalenol (DON; ppm) content of harvested wheat grain and Fusarium head blight index (IND; field or plot-level disease severity) were analyzed to determine the overall mean regression slope and intercept for the relationship between DON and IND, and the influence of study-specific variables on the slope and intercept. A separate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the slope and intercept for each study followed by a meta-analysis of the regression coefficients from all studies. Between-study variances were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than 0, indicating substantial variation in the relationship between the variables. Regression slopes and intercepts were between -0.27 and 1.48 ppm per unit IND and -10.55 to 32.75 ppm, respectively. The overall mean regression slope and intercept, 0.22 ppm per unit IND and 2.94 ppm, respectively, were significantly different from zero (P < 0.001), and the width of the 95% confidence interval was 0.07 ppm per unit IND for slope and 1.44 ppm for intercept. Both slope and intercept were significantly affected by wheat type (P < 0.05); the overall mean intercept was significantly higher in studies conducted using winter wheat cultivars than in studies conducted using spring wheat cultivars, whereas the overall mean slope was significantly higher in studies conducted using spring wheat cultivars than in winter wheat cultivars. Study location had a significant effect on the intercept (P < 0.05), with studies from U.S. winter wheat-growing region having the highest overall mean intercept followed by studies from Canadian wheat-growing regions and U.S. spring wheat-growing regions. The study-wide magnitude of DON and IND had significant effects on one or both of the regression coefficients, resulting in considerable reduction in between-study variances. This indicates that, at least indirectly, environment affected the relationship between DON and IND.

Seed damage by Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to spring wheat cultivars with the Sm1 gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Wise ◽  
Stephen L. Fox ◽  
Marjorie A.H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractSix resistant spring wheat cultivars with the Sm1 gene were assessed for seed damage by the orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)) in laboratory and field tests. All resistant cultivars deterred larvae from developing on the seed and had significantly less yield losses than susceptible wheat cultivars. Vesper was the first cultivar with Sm1 that also deterred oviposition by the wheat midge. Seed damage to all resistant cultivars decreased the later plants were exposed to adult midge from the time spikes emerged from the boot until anthesis. Spikes of susceptible wheat cultivars had lower yield losses when exposed two or more days after emergence than spikes exposed at the time of emergence. Seed damage to resistant wheat caused dorsal and lateral distortions of the seed and often altered seed colour and shape. The pedigree of the resistant cultivars had no effect on the extent of seed damage. Shaw wheat had the least amount of seed damage and no third instars on the seed in both field and laboratory tests. All other cultivars had a few small third instars and similar levels of seed damage in laboratory tests, with Fieldstar being the least effective. In at least one mean site-year Shaw had significantly less yield losses than the other resistant cultivars. It is recommended that Shaw be used as the standard for the selection of future spring wheat cultivars with Sm1.

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